Primary Secondary
(Essential) Hypertension
Hypertension
(95%) (5%)
Klasifikasi Hipertensi (JNC 7, 2003)
TD = Tekanan Darah
Batasan TD untuk memulai
pengobatan hipertensi (JNC 8, 2014)
Usia TD sistolik (mmHg) TD diastolik (mmHg)
(Level of evidence) (Level of evidence)
≥ 60 tahun ≥ 150 Atau ≥ 90
(Grade A) (Grade A)
30-59 tahun ≥ 140 Atau ≥ 90
(Grade E) (Grade A)
18-29 tahun ≥ 140 Atau ≥ 90
(Grade E) (Grade E)
≥ 18 tahun, CKD ≥ 140 Atau ≥ 90
(Grade E) (Grade E)
≥ 18 tahun, Diabetes ≥ 140 Atau ≥ 90
(Grade E) (Grade E)
ACE
Sympathetic
Angiotensinoge Angiotensin Nervous
n Angiotensin I
II System
Reni Aldosterone
n
Retensi
Natrium
HR
Peripheral Cardiac
Resistance ↑ Output ↑
SV
Vasoconstriction
Patofisiologi Hipertensi
Goal of Treatment
50%
Heart Failure
35-40%
Stroke
20-25%
Myocardial
Infarction
Target Tekanan Darah (JNC 8, 2014)
Retensi
Natrium
Beta
Blocker
Alpha HR
Peripheral Blocker Cardiac
Resistance ↑ Output ↑
CCB SV
Vasoconstriction
Diuretic
Terapi Hipertensi
Terapi Hipertensi (Primer)
Kelas Obat Jenis Obat Penyakit penyerta Monitoring
(pilihan terapi)
Angiotensin Captopril, Imidapril, Diabetes; CKD, HF Batuk; fungsi ginjal,
Converting Enzyme Perindopril, Enalapril dengan penurunan kalium
Inhibitor (ACEI) LVEF, post-stroke
Angiotensin Valsartan, Losartan, Diabetes; CKD, HF Fungsi ginjal, kalium
Receptor Blocker Irbesartan, dengan penurunan
(ARB) Telmisartan, LVEF
Olmesartan
Diuretic Hydrochlorthiazide Post stroke: Elektrolit, Tanda
(HCT) kombinasi dgn ACEI dehidrasi
Beta Blocker Β-2 Selektif: Penyakit jantung Heart Rate
Bisoprolol, Atenolol, koroner, HF
Metoprolol
Calcium Channel Amlodipin
Blocker (CCB)--
Dihidropyridine
Calcium Channel Diltiazem Diabetes Heart Rate
Blocker (CCB)— Verapamil KI: HF
Non-Dihidropyridine
Terapi Hipertensi (Alternatif)
Kelas Obat Jenis Obat Penyakit penyerta Monitoring
(pilihan terapi)
Aldosterone Spironolactone Kalium
antagonis
Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren Kalium
Alpha-blocker Doxazosin BPH Orthostatic
Terazosin Hypotension
Central alpha-2 Clonidine Depression,
antagonist Methyldopa Orthostatic
Hypotension
Terapi Non-Farmakologi
Physical
Dietary Activity
Weight
Reduction
Referensi
1. The Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). 2014
Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High
Blood Pressure in Adults. JAMA.2014;311(5):507-20
2. The Seventh Report of The Joint National Committee.
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of
High Blood Pressure. December 2013.
3. Dipiro, JT., Tablert RI., Yee GC., Matze GR., Wells BG.,
et al. 2008. Pharmacotherapy: A patophysiologic
approach, 7th edition. Appleton & Lange, Stamford
4. Beevers G, Lip GYH, O’Brien E. The pathophysiology of
hypertension. BMJ. April, 2001; 322: 912-6