Tsunami
Anggaran
kematian ~
160000 org
‘Titanic’ karam – April, 1912
Kematian - 1403 orang
Bangladesh.
Nov, 1970
Putting Beliung
(Cyclone)
Anggaran kematian ~
200 000 org
Rusuhan
Orkney, South Africa – Jan, 1991
40 org mati, 50 org cedera
World Trade Center attack, NY – 9, Nov, 2001
Estimated death ~ 30 000
Acheh
Gempa bumi & Tsunami, 26th Dec 2004
151 kematian 156 cedera Halloween Itaewon,
Seoul korea Selatan - 29/10/22
PENGENALAN
• Becana / Disaster – boleh berlaku bila-bila;
DEFINITION
(Referring Directive 20, N.S.C)
A REGIONAL EVENT THAT INVOLVES A
LARGE NUMBER OF CASUALTIES IN A
LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA THAT
OVERWHELMS THE AVAILABLE LOCAL
RESOURCES & SERVICE.
MASS CASUALTY INCIDENT
- Gempa bumi
- Ribut Puting beliung
- Gunung berapi
- Banjir
- Dan lain-lain
JENIS-JENIS BENCANA/
DISASTER /’MASS CASUALTY
INCIDENT
2. BENCANA AKIBAT TEKNOLOGI
DAN PERBUATAN MANUSIA
- Bangunan runtuh
- Kapal terbang terhempas
- Kemalangan kenderaan
- Perperangan
- Letupan/kebakaran kilang
- Dan lain-lain
JENIS-JENIS BENCANA/
DISASTER /’MASS CASUALY
INCIDENT
3. BENCANA ‘HYBRID’ / BENCANA
AWAM (GABUNGAN 1 & 2 DI ATAS)
- Melibatkan bencana
semulajadi dan bencana
awam
On Site Management
Networking
ARAHAN 20,
MAJLIS
KESELAMATAN
NEGARA
( M.K.N.)
Majlis Keselamatan Negara-
Arahan No.20
• The disaster plan is
developed under the
following regulations &
guidelines:
• Arahan 20 MKN
• Policies of Department of
Civil Aviation
• Policies of Marine
Department
• 13 MEI 1969 MAGERAN,
1971 - MKN (JPM)
Agensi Pengurusan Bencana
Negara (NADMA)
• NADMA adalah agensi peneraju utama
pengurusan bencana negara.
• NADMA bertanggungjawab menyelaras
pengurusan bencana negara dan membentuk
serta memastikan segala dasar dan mekanisme
pengurusan bencana negara dipatuhi dan
dilaksanakan di setiap peringkat pengurusan
bencana.
• Tanggungjawab NADMA sebagai Agensi
Peneraju utama pengurusan Bencana Negara
digariskan di dalam Lampiran A: Arahan MKN No
Directive 20 of the National
Security Council.
Disaster
• An event that occurs suddenly.
• Complex in nature.
• Loss of lives.
• Destruction of property and/or environment.
Bencana Tahap 1
• Contingency Planning
• Emergency Response Plan
- Incident Site Management
- Hospital Activation Phase
• Recovery Phase
CONTINGENCY
PLANNING
Contingency Planning
MEDICAL
Medical Ambulance
Inner cordon base loading
station point Outer cordon
SITE
OUT
MAJOR INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
Zoning
1. RED ZONE
Inner Zone
High Risk Zone
Approx. - 50 to 100 m
For Rescue workers, marshal, fire unit
Rapid response team (Medical Team)
• 2. Yellow Zone
-Middle ring- supporting team
-Base station for Medical, Police and Fire
-Sorting out the Injured
-Command centre
• 3. GREEN ZONE
-Safe area
-Press
-Temporary Mortuary
-Transportation area
Incident Area: high risk zone
On Scene
Commander
Scene
survey
Medical Commander
• Command for medical &
paramedical teams
• Gather incident information
• Provide situational reports to base
• Establish initial medical control
points
• Establish liaison with other
emergency services
• Located @ strategic, secure, up-
wind from site
5S (Role of first medical team reach at disaster site)
Decontamination
firemen team
Decontamination
Unit
• 3. Definitive Triage
- At the Hospital
Disaster Field Triage
• Basic Aim : To do the most good for the most
people
• Transport priority for the most salvageable with
the most urgent problems
• Transport those who are treatable in hospitals
but fatal in the field first
• “Sieve and Sort” using the START system
Disaster Field Triage
• TRIAGE SIEVE • TRIAGE SORT
– ‘First look’ triage – ‘Retriage’ at Casualty
– Decision undertaken at
Clearing Station
Incident Site
– – Right patient to the
Rapid, simple, safe &
reproducible Right place at the
– Not perfect Right time
– Walking wounded to leave
danger area under their own
power
– Critical patients carried to
casualty clearing station
Casualty
Collecting
Point
How much treatment?
R 30
P 2
M Can do
START Triage
RESPIRATIONS YES Under 30/min
PERFUSION
NO Over 30/min
Cap refill Cap refill
Position Airway Immediate > 2 sec < 2 sec.
Control
NO YES Bleeding MENTAL
STATUS
Dead or
Immediate Immediate
Expectant
Failure to follow Can follow
simple commands simple commands
Bring the
RIGHT patient
to the
RIGHT place
at the
RIGHT time
TRANSPORTER:
NON-CRITICAL VICTIMS
Perkhidmatan Forensik
• Personel
– Pakar Patologi
– Pakar Pergigian/Maxilofacial
– Anggota Sokongan
– Polis
• Kemudahan
– Mortuary
Recovery Phase
• Long term psychological &
emotional problems
• Psychiatrist
• Counselors
PELAN TINDAKAN
BENCANA
• MELALUI :-
• ORANG AWAM ( PERLU PENGESAHAN )
• Bilik MKDaerah / MKNegeri / MKNegara
• DCC (Polis/ Meritime)
• JBPM (Bomba)
• Bilik Kawalan Disaster (airport)
The First Person Receiving
Message
• Record time receiving
• repeat message to caller
• record message - what event, where,
when, how many victims
• get the caller’s - name, phone no.,
location, advise the caller if
necessary
• If it is disaster…. To follow plan of
action!
Incident Hospital
Caller operator
Emergency
Hosp.Director Dept
Activate Police
False alarm personnel confirmation
• Tempat Menunggu
Waris/Keluarga:
– Kemudahan Asas
– Sistem perhubungan/informasi
– Kaunselor
• Kaunter Informasi
– Personel
PELAN TINDAKAN BENCANA
• Sistem Komunikasi
– alat komunikasi yang disediakan
– ambulan dengan radio
– Walkie talkie
– GIRN (Government Integrated Radio
Network)
Bilik gerakan Alat radio Command
HSJ ED Post
HOSPITAL DIRECTOR
Hospital Coordinator
Declaration of alert phase
Activation of supporting hospital
Reporting to the State Health
Office and Ministry Of Health
Laise with relevant agencies
Public information and press
release
Officer-In-Charge Of
Operation
The Hospital Director will be in
charge of all aspects of operations. If
he/she is not available..
• Acting Hospital Director
• HOD E.D
• Hospital Supervisor
• ED Senior AMO
• ED AMO I/C Of Shift
Clinical Coordinator
• Overseeing the need for medical
personnel
• Ensuring the doctors will be called
back
• Preparation of ED for patient
reception
• Deploying medical team at the site
• Ensuring the preparedness of team
at various zones
Administrative Coordinator
1.Anggota mahir
2.Ambulans mencukupi
3.Peralatan dan kemudahan
4.Sistem komunikasi
5.Latihan / ‘Drill’
6.Belanjawan / Budget
7.Penyelidikan (R & D)
Terima kasih