sel
2. Efisiensi pertukaran O2 dan CO2.
dan CO2.
4. Tingkat tekanan O2 dalam darah arteri.
Keseimbangan asam-basa mengukur bagaimana
level respirasi dan metabolic buffer
mempengaruhi keseluruhan pH. Hubungan
diantara factor-faktor tersebut dapat dilihat pada
persamaan berikut:
- PH normal 7,35-7,45
- Pa CO2 normal 35-45 mmHg
- Pa O2 normal 80-100 mmHg
- Total CO2 dalam plasma normal 24-31 mEq/l
- HCO3 normal 21-30 mEq/l
- Base Ekses normal -2,4 s.d +2,3
- Saturasi O2 lebih dari 90%.
1. Arteri Radialis, merupakan pilihan pertama yang paling aman dipakai
untuk fungsi arteri kecuali terdapat banyak bekas tusukan atau
haematoem juga apabila Allen test negatif.
Spuit diberi label dan segera tempatkan dalam es atau air es,
kemudian dibawa kelaboratorium
ACIDS BASES
Acidemia Alkalemia
Acidosis Alkalosis
Respiratory Respiratory
CO2 CO2
Metabolic Metabolic
HCO3 HCO3
ph, CO2, Ventilation
Causes
CNS depression
Pleural disease
COPD/ARDS
Musculoskeletal disorders
Compensation for metabolic alkalosis
Acute vs Chronic
Acute - little kidney involvement. Buffering via
titration via Hb for example
pH by 0.08 for 10mmHg in CO2
Chronic - Renal compensation via synthesis and
retention of HCO3 (Cl to balance charges
hypochloremia)
pH by 0.03 for 10mmHg in CO2
pH, CO2, Ventilation
CO2 HCO3 (Cl to balance charges
hyperchloremia)
Causes
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Salicylate and Progesterone drug usage
Anxiety lung compliance
Cirrhosis of the liver
Sepsis
Acute vs. Chronic
Acute - HCO3 by 2 mEq/L for every 10mmHg in
PCO2
Chronic - Ratio increases to 4 mEq/L of HCO3 for
every 10mmHg in PCO2
Delta Gap
Delta HCO3 = HCO3 + Change in anion gap
>24 = metabolic alkalosis
To evaluate respiratory failure
type I or type II
Severe: <40mmHg
PaO2<60mmHg respiratory failure
PO2
20
= 1
6.1+log
HCO3- (bicarbonate):
SB (standard bicarbonate)
AB (actual bicarbonate)
SB: the contents of HCO3- of serum of arterial
blood in 38℃, PaCO2 40mmHg, SaO2 100%.
Normal: 22-27mmol/L
mean: 24mmol/L
AB: The contents of HCO3- in actual condition.
In normal person: AB=SB
AB and SB are parameters to reflect
metabolism, regulated by kidney.
Difference of AB-SB can reflect the
Resp. acidosis
Resp. alkalosis
Meta. acidosis
Meta. alkalosis
Mixed acid-basic disorder
Complementary formula
example:
original disorder: chronic respiratory
acidosis
⊿ HCO3- =⊿PaCO2 ×0.35±5.58
complementary limit: 45mmol/L
Respiratory acidosis with metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis with metabolic alkalosis
pH PaCO2 HCO3
Asidosis respiratorik
Asidosis respiratori dengan
kompensasi metabolik
Asidosis metabolik
Asidosis metabolik dan
respiratori
Alkalosis metabolik
Alkalosis metabolik dengan
kompensasi pernafasan
alkalosis respiratori
Alkalosis metabolik dan
respiratori