Abiyasa (Kresna Dwipayana)

Prabu Abyasa anak Prabu Palasara, raja Hastinapura juga menggantikan Prabu Palasara.
Prabu Abyasa seorang raja yang bijaksana, adil dan kasih sayang kepada rakyatnya, menepati
sebagai adat istiadat seorang raja. Kemudian baginda jadi raja pendeta, artinya seorang raja
yang menjadi pendeta, bukan raja sekalian pendeta bergelar Begawan Abyasa, di gunung
Retawu atau Saptarengga. Waktu bertahta bernama Prabu Kresnadipayana.Kemudian Sang
Begawan Abyasa meninggalkan jaman fana ini pindah ke jaman baka dengan sempurna
senyawa-raganya dan dijemput dengan kendaraan cahaya oleh Dewa.

BENTUK WAYANG
Prabu Kresnadipayana bermata jaitan, hidung mancung, berjanggut. Bermahkota, berjamang
tiga susun dengan garuda membelakang, berpraba. Berkain bokongan kerajaan dan bersepatu.
Begawan Abyasa, ialah Prabu Kresnadipayana setelah jadi pendeta berdestar meruntai ke
belakang, berjamang dengan garuda membelakang, sunting sekar kluwih, berbaju dan
berselendang, bersepatu. Berkain rapekan pendeta.
Sebelum muksa (wafat, hilang dengan badan kasarnya), Begawan Abyasa berkeliling diiring
oleh keluarga Pandawa dan keturunannya ke luar kota (negeri), melihat bekas-bekas tempat
perang Baratayudha dengan terharu. Dimana Baginda mengetahui tempat-tempat bekas
gelanggang perang, yang rusak segera diperbaikinya, dimana, mengetahui jiwa-jiwa
mengetahui yang belum sempurna, disempurnakanlah dengan puja. Dan ketika Sang
Begawan mengetahui jiwa Pendeta Durna belum sempurna, maka titah Baginda kepada
Pandawa, supaya mereka menyempurnakan jiwa itu, karena Sang Pendeta Durna juga guru
para Pandawa dilakukanlah. Kejadian ini mengharukan rasa hati segala kerabat Pandawa,
karena mereka melihat bekas yang tak menyedapkan pada pemandangan. Usia Sang Begawan
lanjut, hingga mengetahui lahir cicit Baginda, ialah Raden Parikesit. Nama Kresnadipayana
ini setelah Raden Parikesit bertahta sebagai raja di Hastinapura dipakainya.
Sedjarah Wayang Purwa, terbitan Balai Pustaka juga tahun 1965. Disusun oleh Pak
Hardjowirogo.
The Kingdom of Hastinapura


In the wayang world, many prominent figures such as kings, queens, warriors, priests/ascetics
(Resi, Begawan, Wiku) were the children or the descendants of gods. In the ancient Javanese
legends, god Guru himself and his brothers and sons had descended in Java and built the first
kingdoms of ancient Java in several places. No wonder they had strong supernatural power
(sakti) and were able to do miracles. Betara Guru was the first king of Medang Kamulan, his
name was Sri Raja Mahadewabuda. (Medang Kamulan means a place where people
worship the Holy Creator who has created the beginning of life)
Betara Guru or Sang Hyang Manikmaya, the son of Sang Hyang Tunggal, the grand-son
of Sang Hyang Wenang was the king of all gods and lived in the abode of gods, Suralaya.
He was also assigned by his father as the power holder of the universe.
He was very wise and had a very refined behavior. But sometimes he behaved like ordinary
human-beings, he also made mistakes. A Guru (teacher) had to act carefully, politely and
wisely, otherwise he could do something which was harmful to others and to himself. For his
misdeeds, he had received appropriate punishment. He had no perfect body anymore. He had
weak legs, four arms, skin blemish on his neck and a tusk in his mouth as predicted by his
father. When he was young Sang Hyang Tunggal had told him that he would had some
physical defects if he did not behave in a good manner. He regretted very much his mistakes.
Having a tusk lika a giant was a curse from his wife, Dewi Uma, because he could not
control his lust. Dewi Uma as a goddess should not curse as it was against the wise teachings.
Once he forced to make love with his wife in an unproper place, as the result: a scary god-
giant, Kala was born. Kala always disturbed the peaceful life of human-beings
(see: Ruwatan Murwakala).
Other time, he could not stop his desire, seeing a half-naked Anjani bathing in a lake.
Anoman, a white monkey was born, luckily Anoman turned to be a wise monkey. Despite his
human mistakes, he had done many positive things to preserve a good and correct life in the
universe.
From the above family tree, two of his ten sons, Brama and Wisnu, were the ancestors of
the nobility in Hastinapura. Raden Bremani, the third son of Brama, a knight who
dedicated his life to ascetism (Satrio Pinandito) married with Dewi Srihunon, a Wisnus
daughter.
From a pair of good parents, a son of noble character, Bambang Parikenanwas born. All
Parikenans descendants, were wise ascetics. They dedicated their lives for the holy things,
Samadi (meditations) to preserve the world for the welfare of mankind. Resi Manumayasa,
Resi Sakutrem, Resi Sakri, Palasara and Abiyasa, they lived in the retreat/Padepokan of
Satasrengga.
One day Abiyasa or Kresna Dwipayana was called by his mother Satyawati or
Durgandini to become a king of Hastinapura, after her two sons withSentanu, Citragada
and Citrasena died without having any child. The kings/rulers of Hastinapura were:
1. Prabu Dipakeswara/Palasara, (see the kingdom of Wirata)
2. Sentanu
3. Kresna Dwipayana/Abiyasa
4. Pandu Dewanata
5. Destarata-Viceroy
6. Duryudana-Ruler de Facto and Crown-Prince
7. Yudistira (after Baratayuda)
8. Parikesit
Abiyasa, who had been accustomed to live in self-denial, a just, sakti and wise man, had no
difficulty to be a ruler. Under Kresna Dwipayana, the kingdom of Hastinapura was
prosperous and respected by many other kingdoms.
He had three sons Destarata, Pandu and Widura. (see also Mahabrata). They had been
educated thoroughly well in ethic, martial art and the teaching of holy Wedha etc. Three of
them had been given good and responsible position in the palace and they had married and
had their own children.
Destarata, the eldest son was blind. In accordance with the traditional court regulation
(Paugeran), he was not entitled to succeed his father as a king. The choice went to Pandu
Dewanata, the second son. After everything had been arranged properly and he believed that
Pandu could manage wisely the Kingdom of Hastinapura, Abiyasa decided to Seleh
Keprabon. (seleh-to resign permanently; keprabon from Prabu means king) to resign
permanently as king of Hastinapura and he would live as a hermit and did not want to involve
in state affaires anymore. (some other kings, they did Lengser Keprabon, thats mean the
kings resign for a certain period of time, one or two years, in order to seek purification and
then they would return to power again). Abiyasa did seleh keprabon not lengser keprabon.
Destarata married Gendari, the elder sister of Sengkuni. In fact Gendari wished to
marry Pandu but she was rejected. He was very jealous to Pandus wives-Kunti
Talibrata and Madrim. She vowed that her children (Korawa) wont be in a good term
forever with Pandus sons (Pendawa). A move which had been executed gladly by Sengkuni,
Duryudana and his brothers and their cronies.
Kunti Talibrata was a sakti princess of Mandura, the aunt of Kresna, she was a younger
sister of king Basudewa, Kresnas father. Widura marriedPadmarini, the daughter of King
Dipakendra of Pangombakan. He got a son,Sanjaya and two daughters, Padmasari and
Padmawati.
Pandu Dewanata had destined to have a short live, he died at young age. His soul was
snatched by Yamadipati, the god of death while Pandu was making love with Madrim, his
younger wife. Abiyasa was very angry to gods, he went to Kahyangan (the abode of gods).
He asked gods to revive Pandu, otherwise he would run amok.
The gods were worried if Abiyasa ran amok, he should ruin easily the Kahyangan. At last he
could be persuaded by Guru telling that Pandus death was in accordance with destiny. No
one including gods could not help. As a reward, Pandu was assigned as god, who took
care the Crator-Kawah Candradimuka in heaven.
The legitimate heir of the throne was Pandus eldest son, as in accordance with Paugeran
(traditional court customs and regulation). But Puntodewa was still a kid. Destarata was
assigned as a viceroy of Hastinapura, waiting Puntadewa to be an adult. It was the beginning
of the catastrophe in Hastinapura.
Hastinapura under Destarata and Duryudana

Advisers : Bisma, Durna, Widura, Krepa
Prime Minister : Sengkuni
Adc to Destarata : Sanjaya
Loyal followers/supporters : Karna-Viceroy of Awangga.
Burisrawa-son of Salya, King of Mandaraka
Aswatama-son of Durna
Destarata, as a proxy of Pandus small boy tried hard to treat equally his children and his
nephews, the Pendawa. But he was too weak towardDuryudana, who felt as a Crown-Prince,
moreover the defacto ruler of Hastinapura. He had the right to do anything including to
eliminate Pendawa. He would not accept any advice in favor of Pendawa. His strongest
supporter was the dirty Sengkuni, his uncle and Prime Minister. Durna to some extent tried to
defend Pendawa. But he was afraid to lose his position. Anyhow he loved very much Arjuna-
his best student. Duryudana married Banowati, a princess of Mandaraka (see the kingdom of
Mandaraka-Dewi Banowati) Dursilawati, the only girl of Korawa, married Jayadrata or
Tirtanata, the adopted son of king Begawan Sapwani of Banakeling.
In fact, he was transformation from baby Bratasenas wrapper. Bratasena was born covered
by leather wrapper. It was difficult to tear the wrapper. With the advice of Batara
Bayu and Dewi Uma, an elephant by the name of Situ Senacould tear the wrapper. All of a
sudden, a strong wind pushed away the wrapper. It fell on the lap of Sapwani, who had no
child. With his strong magic, he transformed the leather wrapper to be a baby boy-Jayadrata
or Tirtawinata.
When Jayadrata had grown-up, Sapwani, a powerful and wise priest told him to go to
Hastinapura to find Bima, his brother. Jayadrata was cheated by Sengkuni and Durna, telling
him that Bima had died and he was advised to see Duryudana. They said that as a strong and
good-looking ksatria, Duryudana should take him as his brother-in-law. Duryudana agreed
with his advicers proposal, Jayadrata was a potential fighter as big as Bima.
The wedding between Jayadrata and Dursilawati was not smooth as scheduled. Dursilawati
was kidnapped by Gajah Putih, a messenger of Durga, Arjuna could save her. Jayadrata told
his father the whole story. Sapwani was displeased, his inexperience son, Jayadrata was
trapped by Korawa. It was a destiny, he could do nothing. In Baratayuda, he took part in the
dreaful killing of Abimanyu. He was a good fighter who always been protected by Sapwani.
Kresna knew the secret. Jayadrata and Saprani died together in the hands of
Arjuna. Dursasanawas another mighty Korawa. He was impolite, had no respect to other,
always put down Pendawa. However he asked a help from Arjuna to marry him
withSartini from Srawantipura.
Drupati and Bima never forgot the way Dursasana humiliated Drupadi. He tried to undress
her in front of the public. Drupadi was saved by Batara Darma, the god of justice. She vowed
that she would never wear a breat-cloth if not made from Dursasana skin. In Baratayuda, he
was assasinated by Bima. Durmagati, Citraksa and Citraksi, the killers of Abimanyu were
killed by Arjuna in Baratayuda. Aswatama and Kartamarma were killed shortly after
Baratayuda. All the elite forces of Korawa were killed in Baratayuda-a final war between evil
and truth (see Baratayuda).
Hastinapura under Prabu Darmakusuma or Yudistira
After the Baratayuda, Yudistira or Prabu Darmakusuma took back his legitimate throne. He
reigned the country justly and wisely. He treated with high and honest respect his
uncle Destarata and his aunt Gendari. Both of them lived together with Pendawas
mother Kunti Talibrata in the palace of Hastinapura. They were honored as the Pini
Sepuh (elderly respected people) of Hastinapura. Let bygone be bygone. The bad things,
which had happened in the past, should be completely forgotten. They loved each other, as it
was supposed to be, preparing for brighter, happy future. The grand-children of Pendawa
were intensively prepared to continue to reign the kingdom. The three Pini Sepuh lived in a
retreat for purification until the end of their time. Then Parikesit was coronated as the new
king. Drupadi and the five Pendawa, faithfully followed the ancient traditional teaching
of Ilmu Sejati (True knowledge) decided to return to where they belong.
Hastinapura under Parikesit

Parikesit was throned as the new king of Hastinapura, his official name wasPrabu Kresna
Dwipayana, in honor of his great great grand-father Abiyasa or Kresna Dwipayana. With this
name he was determined to follow the perfect examples of his great great grand-father to be a
wise and just ruler of the country. Flanked by his loyal and brilliant court executives, he
reigned Hastinapura to have progress in every aspect of life. The people lived happily,
mentally and materially in a just and prosperous society.
Parikesit was brought up by his widowed mother Dewi Utari. She never married again,
dedicated her life to take care of her only son. Baladewa was also a protector of Parikesit and
of course the Pendawa. The elder generation who had a very long age witnessing Parikesit
coronation were Abiyasa and the king of Wirata, Utaris father. There was no riot nor war
during his tenure.Jayawikata, the son of Jayadrata with the help from the kingdoms of
Trajutresna, Simbar Manyura and Guwabarang, tried to disturb Hastinapura. But they could
be defeated soon. Jayawikata was captured by Dwara and got a dead penalty. Hastinapura
under Kresna Dwipayana became one of the exemplary strong, just and prosperous
countries to many people of Java.
The kings after Parikesit were his descendants:
1. Yudayana
2. Gendrayana
3. Prabu Jayabaya, the king of Mamenang, Kediri, East-Java.
Since Jayabaya, the name of the wayang was wayang Madya. Previously including
Ramayana and Mahabarata was called wayang Purwa.
Suryo S. Negoro
Sumber : http://www.joglosemar.co.id/wayang_kingdom/hastinapura.html
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