Ilmu Kedokteran Tropis

Penyakit tropis
Tropical diseases
PENDIDIKAN DOKTER FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
SURABAYA 2007

Kuntaman
M-03, 2 SKS, 1/1, Sem IV

TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL UMUM

Setelah menyelesaikan modul ini mahasiswa S1
FK diharapkan mengetahui, memahami dan bisa
menjelaskan terjadinya penyakit tropis; Serta
mengetahui dan memahami penanggulangan
penyakit tropis

TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL KHUSUS

Konsep dasar muncul & menyebarnya penyakit tropis

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan faktor

lingkungan

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan faktor

genetik

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan faktor

perilaku dan sosio-budaya;

Mengetahui dan memahami beberapa penyakit tropis

yang banyak di Indonesia maupun Negara lain;

Mengetahui dan memahami prinsip dasar mengendalikan

muncul dan menyebarnya penyakit tropis

DESKRIPSI SINGKAT

Prevalensi penyakit: Tropis Non-tropis

Indonesia: Tropis, Luas, multi etnik, genetik,

sosio-budaya

Penyakit Tropis/infeksi: Interaksi inang, agen dan

lingkungan; dipengaruhi: genetik, perilaku-sosial
budaya dan lingkungan.

Penyakit tropis: penyakit infeksi & Non-infeksi

Pengendalian penyakit tropis: Komprehensif,

dasar faktor2

introduction

Concept of TD
Area
Framework
Examples
Concept of Disease control

Bangkok School of Tropical Medicine,

Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University

of Science in Tropical Medicine ..the

program focuses on tropical diseases and enriches
student understanding of the biological,
epidemiological, and social dimension of tropical
disease particularly in the South east Asia

Institute of Tropical Medicine,

Nagasaki University
.. The institute of Tropical Medicine , Nagasaki University
aim to : overcome tropical disease, particularly infectious
disease and various health problem associated with them,
in cooperation with related institution, for excelence in the
following area :
1. research in the tropical medicine and international health
2. Global contribution through disease control and health
tropics by applying the fruit of the research promotion in
the tropics by applying the fruit of research
3. Cultivation of the researchers and specialists in the above
fields

Dominant determinant factors in tropical disease

medical genetic

tropical disease

tropical environment

sosio cultural

Development of tropical disease

Inang

Tropical Disease

Environment

Agents

Mengetahui, memahami dan bisa menjelaskan

muncul dan menyebarnya penyakit tropis (PT)
Menjelaskan muncul dan menyebarnya PT dari aspek
genetik, lingkungan dan perilakusosio budaya
Mengetahui dan memahami interaksi
H, A, E sbg penyebab munculnya PT

Menjelaskan faktor
genetik terhadap
munculnya PT

Menjelaskan faktor perilaku

sbg penyebab muncul dan
menyebarnya PT

Mampu menjelaskan faktor

lingkungan, thd muncul
dan menyebarnya PT

Agent

Lingkungan

Parasit
Mikroba
Agen lain/fisik/kimia

Env.

Genetic
Tropical Diseases

Budaya
Sosio-antropol/
Perilaku

SocioCulture
Host
Sifat Genetik
Status Imunologi
Status Nutrisi

Kharakter Genetik
Perubahan genetik
Evolusi genetik

Dominant factors to be discussed in

Tropical Medicine
1. Primary care: provision of promotive, preventive, curative,
and rehabilitative
a) Disease control programmes
b) Nutritional supplementation
c) Clean and safe water supply
2. Epidemiology of Dis.:
a) Distribution and determinant of TD
b) Focus on six deadly diseases: pneumonia, diarrhoeal
illness, malaria, measles and HIV/AIDS. BUT also
others high fatality rates cases: Ebola, Hantavirus,
Nipah Virus

Dominant factors to be discussed in

Tropical Medicine
3. Traditional medicine healers:
a) Frequently the first point of contact for Pts in the Tropic
b) Play a significant role in access to health care
c) Have an important role in the framework in the
treatment of common tropical illness.
4. Genetics:
a) Pattern of autosomal and sex linked inheritance
b) Deversity of human genome
c) Selective pressure of human genome
(~haemoglobinopathy)
d) Genetic constribution to common disease (i.e.: HLA
type that confer resistance or susceptibility)

Dominant factors to be discussed in

Tropical Medicine
5. Immunological aspect of TD:
a) Host factor
b) Illustrate the delicate balance involving the host and
invading pathogens
c) Mechanisms involved in host susceptibility and
parasite evasion
6. Economic and financing:
a) Focuses on the effects of poverty and inadequate
resources
b) Most developing countries (mostly in the tropic) have
an inability to reduce the burden of diseases, due to
economic reasons
c) Poverty is underlying factor for poor health in tropic
d) Poor people are more vulnerable to disease (TD)

Produces

malnutrition

Diminished food
-Absorbtion
-Intake
-Micronutrient store

reduces

- Cell med immunity

- humoral immunity
- secretory IgA

Increase food
-Requirements
-Untilization

- complement
- neutrophil function
- external barrier

Diarrhoea

Induces

infection

increases

Tropical Disease
-

The word of TROPICAL DISEASES is more convenient

than accurate

Deseases peculiar to, and confined to, the tropics

All diseases occuring in the tropics

Medicine in the tropics OR Tropical medicine?
Pathogenic microbes:
1973
Ebola Virus
Acute haemorrh.fever
1977
Legionella pneu.
Legionnaires dis
1981
Toxin S.aureus
TSSyndrome
1982
E coli O157:H7
Haemorrh. Colitis
1983
HIV
AIDS
1989
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis
1993
Hanta virus
Adult Resp Distress Syndr.
1996
nvCJD (Prion)
Creutzfeldt-Jacob Dis
1997
H5N1
Influenzae
1999
Nipah
Severe encedphalitis

Tropical Disease
-

Vaccine preventable infectious diseases:

Measles

Hepatitis B

Tetanus (neonatal)

Emerging and resurgent diseases:

Ebola

Dengue fever

Diphtheria

CholeraNipah virus

AI (Hongkong)

Primary
Primary Health
Health Care
Care
Malaria
5% Campak
7%
Lain-lain
32%
Malnutrisi
54%

Perinatal
18%

Diare
19%
Kematian karena
malnutrisi,
justru tinggi

ISPA
18%

Distribusi penyebab kematian balita disemua

negara berkembang, 1995 (WHO)

Epidemiologi
Epidemiologi Penyakit
Penyakit
Kecelakaan
11%

Penyakit
tidak
menular
35%

Perinatal
6%

Faktor Ibu
2%
Nutrisi
1%

Penyakit
menular
45%

Estimasi, 1998, penyebab utama kematian dinegara

berpendapatan rendah, Asteng dan Afrika (WHO)

Tutorial Modul Integrasi

Kasus 1:
Separuh Kelompok

Tutorial 1

Kasus 2:
Separuh Kelompok

Tutorial 2

Tutorial 3

Kasus 1  Pleno Kasus 2

Jawablah pertanyaan ini?

1. Jelaskan makna penyakit tropis
2. Faktor apa yang mempermudah berkembangnya
penyakit tropis
3. Apakah penyakit tropis itu penyakit infeksi?
4. Coba cari sosio-budaya etnis di Indonesia yang
bisa mempermudah penyebaran penyakit tropis
5. Terangkan salah satu gangguan genetik yang
bisa mencegah terjangkitnya penyakit tropis.
Khususnya yang disertai kelainan morfologi sel
darah merah.

Tropical Disease Center

TDC-UNAIR

Terima kasih
Mansons Tropical Disease