Psikologi Abnormal
Psikologi Abnormal
Kuliah 1
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Pekerja
Klasifikasi Vs Labeling
Labeling: memberi cap atau label
seseorang dalam klasifikasi atau
penggolongan tanpa tujuan yang jelas
dampak kurang positif
Tugas profesional: klasifikasi perlu untuk
menetapkan diagnosis pada klien atau
pasien
Tujuan Klasifikasi
PENDEKATAN THDP
PENYESUAIAN DAN
PENYIMPANGAN
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KONSEP ABNORMALITAS
Abnormalitas dan penyakit konsep negatif
Normal dan sehat konsep positif
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KARAKTERISTIK
terjadi
Bertentangan dengan nilai/norma kelompok
Menimbulkan stres pribadi
Menunjukkan disability atau disfungsi
Tidak diharapkan
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KARAKTERISTIK ..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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2. PENDEKATAN SOSIAL-BUDAYA
yg menyimpang utk suatu kelompok belum
tentu menyimpang untuk kelompok lain
Budaya subkultur: misalnya antara remaja dan
generasi tua
Status sosial: ada perbedaan gangguan tgt pd
status sosial. Schizofrenia banyak pada gol.
sosioekonomi rendah, depresi pd gol
menengah ke atas.
Fashions of psychopathology: gangguan
mengikuti mode. Berbeda menurut zaman
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3. LAPORAN SUBJEKTIF:
- bukan berdasar tingkahlaku yang
dapat diamati, tetapi subjective feeling,
sense of well being. Perasaan sso yg jadi
ukuran, apakah dia bahagia atau sedih,
tenteram atau bermasalah, terpenuhi atau
merasa kurang. Bila orang merasakan didera
anxietas maka dia maladjusted, tidak peduli
apakah anxietas ini menimbulkan t.l.
menyimpang atau tidak
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4. KONTRIBUSI SOSIAL
- adjustment
BEHAVIOR THEORY
- rejects undesirable behavior seen as symptoms of underlying
pathology
- the symptom is the disorder
- maladjustment is whatever is said to be unwanted behavior
e.g. a frigid woman. Frigidity is the pathology. There is no need to invent
underlying dynamic mechanisms. Therapy direct attack on the behavior,
would not involve the analysis of childhood experiences and feelings
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TEORI FENOMENOLOGI
- Humanistic position: mendorong self-acceptance, awareness
of ones inner self dan self-actualization
- being in touch with ones inner self is a more important
criterion than externally imposed standards. Being in harmony
with the self is crucial, and it is the failure to seek this
harmonious state that leads to difficulty. Problems are created
through the acceptance of the values of others and through the
distortions in perception that ensue
- sangat dekat dengan laporan subyektif yang sudah
dibicarakan
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Rogers:
adjustment suffers when there is an incongruence between self and
experience
the more threat is experienced, the more there will be a tendency to
deny, distort, and exclude.
relatively moderate incongruence neurosis; extreme incongruence
psychosis
maladjustment is represented by a denial of ones own experience into
the self-structure.
fully functioning persons are those who live up to their potential, use
completely their talents and experiences, and are in tune with their
experiences
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Objektivitas
Menghindari keyakinan yang salah mengenai
gangguan psikologis
Mengurangi Stigma
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Buku Wajib:
Kring, Ann M., Johnson, Sheri, L., Davison, G.C., Neale, J.M.
(2010). Abnormal Psychology 11th ed. New York : John
Wiley & Sons .