Multiplexing
Multiplexing
Categories of Multiplexing
Frequency-division Multiplexing
(FDM)
Frequency-division Multiplexing
(FDM)
Frequency-division Multiplexing
(FDM)
Di FDM sinyal yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing
perangkat memodulasi frekuensi pembawa berbeda.
Sinyal ini termodulasi digabungkan menjadi satu
sinyal komposit yang dapat diangkut oleh link.
Frekuensi pembawa dipisahkan oleh bandwidth yang
cukup untuk mengakomodasi termodulasi sinyal.
Ini bandwidth rentang arte saluran melalui mana
berbagai sinyal perjalanan.
Saluran harus dipisahkan oleh strip tidak terpakai
bandwidth (penjaga band) untuk mencegah sinyal
tumpang tindih.
Frequency-division Multiplexing
(FDM)
Example 1
Assumethatavoicechanneloccupiesabandwidthof4
KHz.Weneedtocombinethreevoicechannelsintoa
linkwithabandwidthof12KHz,from20to32KHz.
Showtheconfigurationusingthefrequencydomain
withouttheuseofguardbands.
Solution
Shift (modulate) each of the three voice channels to a
different bandwidth, as shown in Figure 6.6.
Example 1
Example 2
Fivechannels,eachwitha100KHzbandwidth,aretobe
multiplexedtogether.Whatistheminimumbandwidthof
thelinkifthereisaneedforaguardbandof10KHz
betweenthechannelstopreventinterference?
Solution
For five channels, we need at least four guard bands.
This means that the required bandwidth is at least
5 x 100 + 4 x 10 = 540 KHz,
as shown in Figure 6.7.
Example 2
multiplexing is konseptual
sama FDM, kecuali bahwa multiplexing dan
demultiplexing melibatkan sinyal cahaya
yang dipancarkan melalui saluran serat
optik.
Tujuannya adalah untuk menggabungkan
beberapa sumber cahaya menjadi satu
tunggal cahaya di multiplexer dan
melakukan sebaliknya di demultiplexer.
Menggabungkan dan memecah sumber
cahaya dengan mudah ditangani oleh
Prisma.
TDM
Di
Frame
TDM frames
Example 5
Four1Kbpsconnectionsaremultiplexedtogether.Aunit
is1bit.Find(1)thedurationof1bitbeforemultiplexing,
(2)thetransmissionrateofthelink,(3)thedurationofa
timeslot,and(4)thedurationofaframe?
Solution
We can answer the questions as follows:
1. The duration of 1 bit is 1/1 Kbps, or 0.001 s (1 ms).
2. The rate of the link is 4 Kbps.
3. The duration of each time slot 1/4 ms or 250 s.
4. The duration of a frame 1 ms.
Example 6
FourchannelsaremultiplexedusingTDM.Ifeach
channelsends100bytes/sandwemultiplex1byteper
channel,showtheframetravelingonthelink,thesizeof
theframe,thedurationofaframe,theframerate,andthe
bitrateforthelink.
Solution
The multiplexer is shown in Figure 6.15.
Example 6
Framing bits
Example
Suppose that we have four input devices on a synchronous TDM
link, where the transmissions are interleaved by character. If
each device is generating 250 characters per second, and each
frame is carrying 1 character from each device, what is the
minimum data rate of this link?
Example 8
Wehavefoursources,eachcreating250charactersper
second.Iftheinterleavedunitisacharacterand1
synchronizingbitisaddedtoeachframe,find(1)thedata
rateofeachsource,(2)thedurationofeachcharacterin
eachsource,(3)theframerate,(4)thedurationofeach
frame,(5)thenumberofbitsineachframe,and(6)the
datarateofthelink.
Solution
Seenextslide.
Solution (continued)
We can answer the questions as follows:
1. The data rate of each source is 2000 bps = 2 Kbps.
2. The duration of a character is 1/250 s, or 4 ms.
3. The link needs to send 250 frames per second.
4. The duration of each frame is 1/250 s, or 4 ms.
5. Each frame is 4 x 8 + 1 = 33 bits.
6. The data rate of the link is 250 x 33, or 8250 bps.
Example 9
Twochannels,onewithabitrateof100Kbpsand
anotherwithabitrateof200Kbps,aretobemultiplexed.
Howthiscanbeachieved?Whatistheframerate?What
istheframeduration?Whatisthebitrateofthelink?
Solution
We can allocate one slot to the first channel and two slots
to the second channel. Each frame carries 3 bits. The
frame rate is 100,000 frames per second because it
carries 1 bit from the first channel. The frame duration is
1/100,000 s, or 10 ms. The bit rate is 100,000 frames/s x
3 bits/frame, or 300 Kbps.
Asynchronous TDM
Sinkron
Seperti
Dalam sistem
asynchronous, jika kita
memiliki n baris masukan,
bingkai berisi tidak lebih
dari slot m, dengan kurang
dari n m.
Jumlah waktu slot di
kerangka TDM asinkron (m)
didasarkan pada analisis
statistik jumlah baris
masukan yang cenderung
transmisi pada waktu
tertentu.
Dalam hal apapun slot
tersedia untuk salah satu
garis masukan terlampir
yang memiliki data untuk
dikirim.
The end