KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas Rahmat, Taufik dan Hidayah-Nya,
Alhamdulillah penulis dapat menyelesaikan diagnosis komunitas ini yang berjudul
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Kesehatan Keluarga dengan Kejadian
Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung Periode
Januari dan Februari 2016, sebagai salah satu syarat menyelesaikan Kapaniteraan
Klinik Ilmu Kedokteran Komunitas.
Dalam kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada:
1. dr.Zayadi Zainudin, M.Pd Ked

selaku penguji laporan diagnosis

komunitas ini.
2. dr.Wahyu Sudarsono selaku penguji laporan diagnosis komunitas ini.
3. dr. RA Yeni Warningsih selaku pembimbing laporan diagnosis komunitas
ini, dan sekaligus selaku dokter pembimbing penulis di Puskesmas Ratu
Agung Kota Bengkulu.
4. Ibu Yuhartini, S.KM selaku pemegang program Pemberantasan Penyakit
Menular di Puskesmas Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu.
5. Seluruh masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung Kota
Bengkulu.
Bengkulu, Maret 2016

Penulis

ABSTRAK

Dokter Muda Puskesmas Ratu Agung. 2016. Diagnosis Komunitas ; Gambaran

Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Kesehatan Keluarga dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah
Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung Periode Januari dan Februari
2016
Latar Belakang: Permasalahan demam berdarah sebagai kejadian luar biasa di
wilayah kerja puskesmas Ratu Agung perlu untuk dicari faktor- faktor yang
mempengaruhi terhadap peningkatan angka kejadian DBD, seperti faktor
pengetahuan dan perilaku kesehatan di masyarakat juga mempengaruhi terhadap
kejadian demam berdarah.
Metode: Survei ini menggunakan desain studi deskriptif. Survei ini menggunakan
data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer didapat dari hasil kuesioner dan
observasi terhadap pasien yang mengalami demam berdarah pada di wilayah kerja
Puskesmas Ratu Agung. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan tahunan
Puskesmas Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu
Hasil Penelitian: Masalah yang menjadi prioritas untuk diselesaikan dengan
sumber daya yang ada meliputi kurangnya pengetahuan mengenai penyakit DBD,
perilaku tentang 3M plus, perilaku kesehatan keluarga sehari-hari (menggunakan
kelambu, menggunakan lotion anti nyamuk dan tidak menggantung pakaian), dan
ditemukannya jentik nyamuk.
Simpulan: Berdasarkan dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan beberapa masalah
terkait dengan angka kejadian demam berdarah dengue di wilayah kerja
puskesmas Ratu Agung. Penyelesaian terhadap masalah ini berupa program
penyuluhan, kegiatan gotong royong, dan pembagian bubuk abate.
Kata kunci: pengetahuan,perilaku kesehatan, lingkungan, demam berdarah
dengue.

ABSTRACT

Clerkship Doctors of Ratu Agung Health Care Unit. 2016. Community

Diagnosis ; The Description of The Knowledge and The Behaviour of Family
Health with Incidence of Dengue Haemoragic Fever at Ratu Agung Health Care
Territory during January untill February 2016 Period
Background: The Problem of haemoragic fever as outbreak in the Ratu Agung
Health Care Unit Territory must be investigated for the factors of dengue
haemoragic fever incidence , such as the knowledge and the health behaviour in
the society.
Metode: The Survey is descriptive study type. It contains primary and secondary
data. The primary data is collected from questionnaire and also observation from
the infected patients at the Ratu Agung territory, and the other hand, secondary
one is collected from annual report of the Ratu Agung Health Care Unit.
Result: The Problem where as be priorities for the solving are including the
limitation of haemoragic fever knowledge, lack of appropriate behaviour of 3M
plus , the limitation of daily health habits (using of mosquito net,
repellent,hanging the clothes), and also the existence of wiggler..
Conclusion: Based on this study, we conclude several problem about dengue
haemoragic fever incidence at the territory of Ratu Agung Health Care. The
problem solvings are counceling program, the social cooperation of the
environment cleaning, and also giving of the larvasidae for the society.
Keywords: knowledge,health behaviour, environment, dengue haemoragic fever.

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................
i
KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK................................................................................................................
iii
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR TABEL.....................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................
iv
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar
Belakang
...........................................................................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan
Masalah
...........................................................................................................................
2
1.3 Tujuan
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.3.1
Tujuan
Umum
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.3.2
Tujuan
Khusus
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.4 Manfaat
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.4.1
Masyarakat
...........................................................................................................................
3
1.4.2
Penulis
...........................................................................................................................
4
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Demam
Berdarah

Dengue

(DBD)

..................................................................................................................
5
2.1.1
Definisi
..........................................................................................................................
5
2.1.2
Etiologi
..........................................................................................................................
5
2.1.3
Epidemiologi
..........................................................................................................................
5
2.1.4
Faktor
Risiko
..........................................................................................................................
7
2.1.5
Tanda
dan
Gejala
..........................................................................................................................
7
2.1.6
Kriteria
Diagnosis
..........................................................................................................................
8
2.1.7
Pengobatan
..........................................................................................................................
9
2.1.8
Faktor
yang
mempengaruhi
..........................................................................................................................
10
2.2 Peran Dan Kegiatan Puskesmas Dalam Pengendalian DBD.
..................................................................................................................
14
2.2.1
Kebijakan
Nasional
Pengendalian
DBD
..........................................................................................................................
14
2.2.2
Strategi
Pengendalian
DBD
..........................................................................................................................
15
2.2.3
Kegiatan
Pokok
Pengendalian
DBD
..........................................................................................................................
15
2.3 Diagnosis
Komunitas
..................................................................................................................
18
2.3.1
Langkah
Diagnosis
Komunitas
..........................................................................................................................
20
2.4 Kerangka
konsep
..................................................................................................................
21

BAB III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

3.1 Desain
Survei
...............................................................................................................
22
3.2 Tempat
dan
Waktu
...............................................................................................................
22
3.3 Sasaran
dan
Sampel
...........................................................................................................................
22
3.4 Instrumen
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................................
22
3.5 Variabel
Penelitian
...........................................................................................................................
22
3.5.1
Variabel
Bebas
..........................................................................................................................
22
3.5.2
Variabel
Terikat
..........................................................................................................................
23
3.5.3
Variabel
Perancu
..........................................................................................................................
23
3.5.4 Definisi Operasional dan Skala Pengukuran Variabel
..........................................................................................................................
23
3.6 Kriteria
Inklusi
...........................................................................................................................
26
3.7 Kriteria
Eksklusi
...........................................................................................................................
26
BAB IV PENYAJIAN DATA
4.1 Profil Puskesmas Ratu Agung...........................................................................
27
4.1.1
Visi
dan
Misi
..........................................................................................................................
27
4.1.1.1
Visi
.................................................................................................................
27
4.1.1.2
Misi

.................................................................................................................
27
4.1.2
Data
geografis
dan
demografis
..........................................................................................................................
27
4.1.2.1Wilayah
kerja
.................................................................................................................
27
4.1.2.2
Data
penduduk
.................................................................................................................
28
4.1.3
Sumber
Daya
Kesehatan
..........................................................................................................................
28
4.1.4
Sarana
Pelayanan
Kesehatan
..........................................................................................................................
29
4.2 Prevalensi Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung....
31
BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
5.1 Data Dasar Responden.........................................................................................
33
5.1.1
Usia
dan
Jenis
Kelamin
.............................................................................................................................
33
5.1.2
Pendidikan
dan
Pekerjaan
.............................................................................................................................
33
5.1.3
Pemeriksaan
Laboratorium
.............................................................................................................................
34
5.2 Identifikasi Masalah.............................................................................................
35
5.2.1
Tingkat
Pengetahuan
Responden
.............................................................................................................................
35
5.2.2
Perilaku
Kesehatan
Responden
.............................................................................................................................
36
5.2.2.1 Kebiasaan Membersihkan dan Menutup tempat Penampungan Air
.............................................................................................................................
36
5.2.2.2
Kebiasaan
Menguras
Tempat
Penampungan
Air
.............................................................................................................................
37
5.2.2.4 Kebiasaan Membuang Sampah Pada Tempatnya Atau Membakarnya

.............................................................................................................................
38
5.2.2.5
Kebiasaan
Menggantung
Pakaian
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.6
Kebiasaan
Memakai
kelambu
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.7
Kebiasaan
Memakai
Lotion
Anti
Nyamuk
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.8
Kebiasaan
Memelihara
Ikan
Pemakan
Jentik
.............................................................................................................................
40
5.2.2.9
Kebiasaan
Memakai
Lotion
Anti
Nyamuk
.............................................................................................................................
39
5.2.2.10
Kebiasaan
Memelihara
Ikan
Pemakan
Jentik
.............................................................................................................................
40
5.3 Penentuan Prioritas Masalah................................................................................
42
5.4 Solusi dan Alternatif penyelesaian Masalah.........................................................
44
5.5 Rencana Intervensi...............................................................................................
44
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1 Kesimpulan..........................................................................................................
46
6.2 Saran.....................................................................................................................
47

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................................
47
LAMPIRAN...............................................................................................................
48

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional mengenai pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap DBD

....................................................................................................................................
23
Tabel 3.2 Definisi Operasional Perilaku Kesehatan...................................................
24
10

Tabel 4.2 Jumlah dan Jenis Sarana Kesehatan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas
Perawatan
Ratu
Agung
Tahun
2014
.................................................................................................................
31
Tabel 4.3 Tabel 4.3 Data Sepuluh Penyakit Menular Terbanyakdi Puskesmas Ratu
Agung
Tahun
2015
.................................................................................................................
28
Tabel 5.1 Distribusi frekuensi dan presengetahuan mengenai DBD.........................
35
Tabel 5.2 Frekuensi dan Presentasi Pengetahuan Responden Tiap Item Pilihan
Jawaban
Pertanyaan
Pengetahuan
Mengenai
DBD
...................................................................................................................
36
Tabel 5.3 Analisis masalah pengetahuan dan perilaku terjadian DBD menentukan
besaran
masalah
dengan
pendekatan
ITR
...................................................................................................................
36
Tabel 5.2 Frekuensi dan Presentasi Pengetahuan Responden Tiap Item Pilihan
Jawaban
Pertanyaan
Pengetahuan
Mengenai
DBD
...................................................................................................................
36

11

12

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Insiden Rate DBD per 100.000 penduduk dan Case Fatality Rate
(CFR)
di
Indonesia
tahun
2005

2010
............................................................................................................
6
Gambar 2.2 Grafik Insiden Rate (IR) DBD di Indonesia tahun 2010....................
6
Gambar 2.3 Sel Darah Merah Yang Mengalami Aglutinasi......................................
13
Gambar 2.4 Kerangka Teori......................................................................................
14
Gambar 2.5 Kerangka Berfikir..................................................................................
15
Gambar 4.1 Aktivitas Lektin.....................................................................................
25
A.
Kontrol
Negatif
............................................................................................................
25
B.
Pengujian
Menggunakan
Ekstrak
Sentrifugasi
1
............................................................................................................
25
Gambar 4.2 Aktivitas Lektin.....................................................................................
27
A.
Kontrol
Negatif
............................................................................................................
27
B.
Pengujian
Menggunakan
Ekstrak
Sentrifugasi
2
............................................................................................................
27
Gambar 4.3 Aktivitas Lektin.....................................................................................
29
A.
Kontrol
Negatif
............................................................................................................
29
B.
Pengujian
Menggunakan
Ekstrak
yang
Didialisis
............................................................................................................
29
Gambar 4.4 Kurva Standar BSA..............................................................................
30
Gambar4.6 Hasil Penentuan Konsentrasi Kadar Protein Biji A. Pavonina
Menggunakan
Metode
BSA
............................................................................................................
32

13

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Komposisi Kemikalia.......
46
Lampiran 2. Hasil Pengukuran Laju Hemaglutinasi Sel Darah Merah Manusia (A,
B,
AB
da
O)
diamati
dalam
200
detik
...............................................................................................................
49
Lampiran 3. Pembuatan Kurva Standar BSA............................................................
50
Lampiran 4.Perhitungan Konsentrasi Protein Ekstrak Biji Saga (Adenanthera
pavonina
...............................................................................................................
53
Lampiran 5. Alokasi Waktu Penelitian.......................................................................
54
Lampiran 6. Dokumentasi Penelitian.........................................................................
55

14

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