Berawal dari
pembuahan
ganda
Keterangan:SC,testa/kulitbiji,
EN,endosperm;SM,meristem
apeks pucuk;RM,meristem
apeksakar,Pd,protoderm;
Po,prokambium;Gm,meristem
dasar,S,suspensor,A,sumbu,
CE,jaringanpelindungembrio,
MPE : mikropil
EMBRIO
FERTILISASI
ZIGOT
DORMAN
VAKUOLA DALAM
OVUM
MENGHILANG &
SITOPLASMA
MEJADI
HOMOGEN
INTI
ENDOSPERM
MEMBELAH
ZIGOT
MEMBELAH
MENJADI 2 SEL
SEL BASAL:
DEKAT DENGAN
MIKROFIL
GENUS TERTENTU
MEMBESAR
SEPERTI KANTONG
SEL BASAL
MEMBELAH
TRANSVERSAL
SEL
TERMINAL
MEMBELAH LONGTUDINAL
MEMBENTUK 4 SEL
PROEMBRIO (KWADRAN)
MEMBELAH TRANVERSAL
MEMBENTUK 8 SEL
(OKTAN)
HAUSTORIUM
(DEKAT
MIKROFIL)
HIPOFISIS
MERUPAKAN BAGIAN
DARI EMBRIO
MEMBELAH
TRANSVERSAL&LON
GTUDINAL (2-4 SEL)
MEMBELAH TERUS
MEMBENTUK TIPE
JANTUNG
HIPOKOTIL & KOTILEDONE
MEMANJANG DAN
KOTILEDONE MEMENUHI
KANTUNG
Embryogenesis
A fixed pattern of cell
divisions make it
possible to trace the
origin of seedling
structures back to
regions of the early
embryo.
Embriogenesis
pada tumbuhan
dikotil
Embriogenesis
pada tumbuhan
monokotil
Cotyledons
The embryonic leaves
A cotyledon is a significant part of the
embryo within the seed of a plant. Upon
germination, the cotyledon usually
becomes the embryonic first leaves of a
seedling.
Hypocotyl
Embryonic stem
The hypocotyl is the primary organ of
extension of the young plant and develops
into the stem.
Radicle
Embryonic root
In botany, the radicle is the first part of a
seedling (a growing plant embryo) to
emerge from the seed during germination.
The radicle is the embryonic root of the
plant, and grows downward into the soil.
Somatik embriogenesis
Suatu proses dimana sel somatik berkembang
membentuk tumbuhan baru melalui tahap
perkembangan embrio yang spesifik tanpa
melalui fusi gamet.
Embrio somatik dicirikan memiliki struktur bipolar
(memiliki dua meristem) yaitu meristem akar dan
meristem tunas.
Tahap perkembangan embrio somatik
menyerupai embrio zigotik (fase globular, hati,
torpedo dan planlet)
Pada monokotil tidak terbentuk fase jantung dan torpedo setelah tahap
globular, melainkan tahap lonjong, memanjang lalu germinasi dan
planlet
*)
Cell organization
Zigotic embryo
Somatic embryo
early globular
late globular
Protoderm
Procambium
heart
late torpedo
SAM
heart
cotyledonary
RAM
heart
cotyledonary
Ground meristem
late globular
late torpedo
Cotyledon
early heart
late torpedo
asymmetric division
producing the small apical
daughter cell and the large basal
cell
asymmetric gene expression
Radial Pattern
Genes in embryogenesis
GNOM gene for axial patterning
MONOPTEROS gene for embryonic primary root and
postembruonic vascular tissue
SHORT ROOT and SCARECROW gene for ground
tissue development
HOBBIT gene for root meristem identify
SHOOTMERISTEMLESS gene for shoot promeristem
ABSCISIC ACID INSENTISIVE3 (ABI3) and FUSCA3
gene for dormancy initiation and storage protein
LEAFY COTYLEDONE1 (LEC1) gene for general
repressor of vegetative development