Kepodang emas
Kepodang (genus Oriolus, Linnaeus, 1766), burung yang memiliki warna yang cantik dan juga suara
yang merdu, saat ini sepertinya semakin ditinggalkan para penggemar burung. Burung ini pernah
mengalami masa keemasan pada era tahun 70 sampai 80-an, karena keindahan warnanya yang
menjadi incaran para kolektor burung serta suaranya juga termasuk enak didengar, walaupun saat
ini semakin tergeser dengan hadirnya burung kicauan jenis lain yang memiliki suara yang lebih
bervariasi seperti punglor, kacer, muraibatu, cucakhijau dan lain-lain. Burung kepodang, termasuk
dalam family Oriolidae, genus Oriolus yang memiliki sekitar 30 species.
Burung Kepodang termasuk banyak ditemukan tersebar di Indonesia, seperti di Sumatra, Jawa,
Kalimantan, Sulawesi sampai ke wilayah Nusa Tenggara. Penyebaran lain terdapat mulai dari
China, Indochina, Filipina sampai ke India. Hidup di daerah tropis dan sebagian kecil ditemukan di
daerah sub-tropis, hidup selalu berpasangan. Di Australia juga ditemukan jenis kepodang, tapi
memiliki warna yang agak berbeda, dikenal dengan nama Green Oriole atau Australasian Yellow
Oriole (Oriolus flavocinctus).
Di Indonesia, selain dikenal dengan nama kepodang sebagai nama umumnya, juga dikenal dengan
nama bincarung di jawa barat, dan gulalae di sulawesi. Sayangnya akhir-akhir ini keberadaan
burung kepodang semakin langka di hutan pulau jawa dan sumatra, imbasnya burung ini pun langka
ditemukan di pasar pedagang burung.
Kepodang batu
(O. chinensis maculatus)
Kepodang kapur
salah satu sub-species dari
Kepodang emas (O. chinensis)
Jenis kepodang yang populer atau yang paling sering dipelihara di Indonesia adalah Kepodang
emas (Oriolus chinensis), Kepodang batu (Oriolus chinensis maculatus) dan Kepodang kapur
(Oriolus chinensisspp.) yang memiliki perbedaan pada paruh berwarna lebih gelap. Burung
kepodang emas banyak dipelihara orang mungkin karena warna kuning keemasannya paling cerah
dan suaranya juga paling keras.
Bagi sebagian masyarakat di Indonesia, burung kepodang ini memiliki mitos, seperti di jawa barat,
diyakini apabila burung ini dipelihara di rumah, akan mampu menolak berbagai bencana, seperti
kemalingan, kebakaran, penyakit dan lain-lain. Sedangkan di daerah jawa tengah dan jawa timur,
burung ini dianggap mampu memberikan hal positif bagi ibu-ibu hamil, pada masa kehamilan bulan
ke tujuh, biasanya burung ini disembelih, dimasak dan diberikan kepada sang ibu hamil, dan diyakini
akan memberikan keturunan yang cantik atau tampan layaknya keindahan warna burung kepodang.
Kepodang
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Belum Diperiksa
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Kepodang
India.
Status konservasi
Risiko Rendah (IUCN 3.1)
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan: Animalia
Filum: Chordata
Kelas: Aves
Ordo: Passeriformes
Famili: Oriolidae
Genus: Oriolus
Spesies: O. chinensis
Nama binomial
Oriolus chinensis
Linnaeus, 1766
Kepodang adalah burung berkicau (Passeriformes) yang mempunyai bulu yang indah dan juga
terkenal sebagai burung pesolek yang selalu tampil cantik, rapi, dan bersih termasuk dalam
membuat sarang.[1] Kepodang merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang sulit dibedakan
antara jantan dan betinanya berdasarkan bentuk fisiknya.[2] Burung kepodang termasuk jenis burung
kurungan karena dibeli oleh masyarakat sebagai penghias rumah, oleh karenanya burung ini masuk
dalam komoditas perdagangan yang membuat populasinya semakin kecil. [3]
Daftar isi
1Penyebaran
2Morfologi
3Galeri
4Referensi
Black-naped oriole
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Black-naped oriole
Adult
India)
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Oriolidae
Genus: Oriolus
Species: O. chinensis
Binomial name
Oriolus chinensis
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms
Oriolus indicus
The black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis) is a bird of the oriole family and is found in many parts
of Asia. There are several distinctive populations within wide distribution range of the species and in
the past the slender-billed oriole (Oriolus tenuirostris) was included as a subspecies. Unlike
the golden oriole which only has a short and narrow eye-stripe, the black-naped oriole has the stripe
broadening and joining at the back of the neck. Males and females are very similar although the
wing lining of the female is more greenish. The bill is pink and is stouter than in the golden oriole.
Contents
1Identification
4References
5External links
Identification[edit]
The black-naped oriole is medium-sized and overall golden with a strong pinkish bill and a broad
black mask and nape. The adult male has the central tail feathers tipped yellow and the lateral ones
are more broadly yellow. The female has the mantle colour more greenish or olive. The juvenile has
a streaked underside. The nestling has dull greenish with brown streaks. The head and nape are
more yellowish and the undertail coverts are yellow. Several variations exist in the populations that
have been separated as subspecies.[2]
Subspecies diffusus breeds in China and is widespread across India during winter, mainly in the
northeastern parts and in the peninsular region. The population in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
are resident. The subspecies in the Andamans, O. c. andamanensis has all black wings while O. c.
macrourus of the Nicobars has a very broad nape band so that only the top of the head is yellow.
The wings are all black with a yellow primary covert patch. The calls of the Andaman and the
Nicobar subspecies are said to be quite different, the latter having a more modulated call note. [3]
[4]
The evolutionary history of this group of orioles is complex and there may be more cryptic
species within the group.[5] In the Southeast Asian populations some geographic trends include a
reduction of yellow on the forehead and a decreased brightness in the yellow plumage from north to
south. Females from southern populations are more greenish on the back and tail and there are no
yellow spots on the tips of the secondaries as in northern populations. [6]
The usual call is a nasal niee or myaa and the song (diffusus) is a fluty iwee wee wee-leeow. They
have a dipping flight.[7]
The black-naped oriole is found in forests, gardens and plantations. It feeds on berries and insects in
the canopy. Subspecies diffususbreeds in eastern Siberia, Ussuriland, northeastern China, Korea
and northern Vietnam and winters in Thailand, Burma and parts of India.[3] T. C. Jerdon described a
bird from the Malabar region that he identified as Oriolus indicus[8] and this is now considered to
beOriolus chinensis diffusus.[9] Oriolus chinensis invisus is found in Southern Annam. The nominate
population is from the Philippines. Several island populations have been described
including suluensis (Sulu Island), melanisticus (Talaut Islands), formosus (Sangihe),frontalis (Sula
Islands), sangirensis (Sangi Archipelago), saani (Moluccas), mundus (Simalur Island), sipora (Sipora
Island), richmondi(Siberut and Pagi), insularis (Kangean), broderipii (Lombok, Sumba, Sumbawa,
Flores, and Alor Islands), lampochryseus (Masalembo and Keramian Islands), oscillans (Tukang
Besi Islands), boneratensis (Islands of Bonerate, Djampea and Kalao), maculatus (Singapore Island,
Sumatra, Billiton, Banka, Nias, Java. Bali and Borneo), yamamurae (central and southern
Philippines[10] and sometimes treated as identical to the nominate population), celebensis (northern
Celebes) and macassariensis (southern Celebes).[11] The subspecies are very closely related and the
group forms a clade in which the Eurasian oriole and Indian golden oriole are also nested. [12][13]
In winter populations breeding in eastern Asia winter in the tropical areas of Southeast Asia.
[14]
Subspecies diffusus is an uncommon migrant in many parts of South India and are most regularly
seen in the Western Ghats.[5] In Singapore they are believed to have established as breeders only in
the 1920s and are today common even within gardens in the city. In the 1880s they were considered
rare.[15] These days orioles are fairly common in Singapore.
Behaviour and ecology[edit]
;