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SEPSIS
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SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assesment)
SOFA menciptakan skor numerik standar yang tidak asing lagi bagi dokter
perawatan kritis. Dokter Bisa menggunakannya untuk membandingkan status pasien dan
skor yang telah terbukti signifikan korelasi dengan hasil. Hal ini membantu tim triase.
Dari sistem penilaian tersedia, SOFA mencapai keseimbangan yang baik antara mudah
data yang tersedia dan prediksi yang baik. Saat dihitung Setiap hari juga bisa digunakan
untuk membangun tren di kursus pasien individu.3
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Skor penilaian kegagalan organis sepsis, juga dikenal sebagai skor penilaian
kegagalan organ sekuensial (skor SOFA), digunakan untuk melacak status
seseorang selama tinggal di unit perawatan intensif (ICU) untuk menentukan
tingkat fungsi atau tingkat organ seseorang. dari kegagalan. Skor tersebut
didasarkan pada enam nilai yang berbeda, masing-masing untuk sistem pernafasan,
kardiovaskular, hati, koagulasi, ginjal dan neurologis.4
Skor SOFA rata-rata dan tertinggi adalah prediktor hasil. Peningkatan skor
SOFA selama 24 sampai 48 jam pertama di ICU memprediksi tingkat kematian
paling sedikit 50% sampai 95%. Skor kurang dari 9 memberikan angka kematian
prediktif pada 33% sedangkan di atas 11 dapat mendekati atau di atas 95%.4
400 0
< 400 1
< 300 2
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Glasgow coma scale Skor SOFA
15 0
13-14 1
10-12 2
6-9 3
<6 4
MAP 70 mm/Hg 0
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Billirubin (mg/dl) Skor SOFA
mol/L
< 1,2 (<20) 0
1,2-1,9 (20-32) 1
2,0-5,9 (33-101) 2
6,0-11,9 (102-204) 3
>12 (>204) 4
150 0
< 150 1
< 100 2
< 50 3
< 20 4
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Kreatinin (mg/dl) [mol/L] (atau urine output) SOFA score
1.21.9 [110-170] 1
2.03.4 [171-299] 2
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Assessment qSOFA score
Skor berkisar antara 0 sampai 3 poin. Kehadiran 2 atau lebih poin qSOFA
di dekat timbulnya infeksi dikaitkan dengan risiko kematian atau perawatan intensif
unit persisten yang lebih lama. Ini adalah hasil yang lebih umum pada pasien yang
terinfeksi yang mungkin septik dibandingkan mereka yang memiliki infeksi tanpa
komplikasi. Berdasarkan temuan ini, Konsensus Konsensus Internasional Ketiga
untuk Sepsis merekomendasikan qSOFA sebagai petunjuk sederhana untuk
mengidentifikasi pasien yang terinfeksi di luar ICU yang cenderung septik. 4
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Laktat 2 mmol / L ditambah qSOFA meningkatkan
kegunaan melalui qSOFA saja di pasien gawat darurat yang
mengalami sepsis.
Abstrak
OBJEKTIF:
METODE:
HASIL:
Dalam kumpulan data gabungan dari 12.555 pasien di mana data skor dan
skor lengkap QSOFA tersedia, LqSOFA (2) 2 mengidentifikasi lebih banyak
pasien dengan hasil buruk (sensitivitas 65,5%, interval kepercayaan 95% 62,6-68,4)
dibandingkan dengan qSOFA 2 ( sensitivitas 47,6%, interval kepercayaan 95%
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44,6 - 50,6). Penambahan batas laktat post hoc mengidentifikasi proporsi pasien
yang berisiko mengalami gangguan.5
KESIMPULAN:
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Frekuensi dan signifikansi kriteria qSOFA selama tim
tanggapan tim cepat dewasa: Studi kohort prospektif.
Abstrak
TUJUAN:
Definisi baru sepsis yang dikeluarkan oleh sebuah gugus tugas internasional
telah memperkenalkan konsep Penilaian Kegagalan Organ Sequential (Sepsis-
Related) (qSOFA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur proporsi pasien yang
memenuhi kriteria qSOFA selama tinjauan Tim (RRT) dan untuk menilai hasil yang
terkait.5
METODE:
KESIMPULAN:
Pasien dewasa yang positif qSOFA pada saat peninjauan RRT mereka
berisiko tinggi mengalami kematian di rumah sakit. Penilaian qSOFA mungkin
merupakan alat triase yang berguna selama tinjauan RRT.5
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Kinerja buruk skor quickSOFA (qSOFA) dalam
memprediksi sepsis dan mortalitas yang parah - sebuah studi
prospektif terhadap pasien yang dirawat dengan infeksi ke bagian
gawat darurat
Abstrak
Latar Belakang
Metode
Hasil
Dari 1535 pasien yang dirawat, 108 (7,0%) memenuhi kriteria Sepsis untuk
sepsis berat. Skor qSOFA 2 hanya mengidentifikasi 33 (sensitivitas 0,32,
spesifisitas 0,98) pada pasien dengan sepsis berat, sementara orbital RETTS-alert
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or mengidentifikasi 92 pasien (sensitivitas 0,85, spesifisitas 0,55). Dua puluh enam
pasien meninggal dalam waktu 7 hari setelah masuk; empat (15,4%) dari mereka
memiliki qSOFA 2, dan 16 (61,5%) memiliki peringatan ulang RETTS oranye.
Dari 68 pasien yang meninggal dalam 30 hari, hanya delapan (11,9%) yang
mencetak 2 pada qSOFA, dan 45 (66,1%) memiliki peringatan oranye RETTS .6
Diskusi
Untuk mencapai perawatan tepat waktu untuk sepsis, alat skrining yang
sensitif lebih penting daripada yang spesifik. Studi kami adalah studi keempat
adalah QSOFA menemukan beberapa kasus sepsis di rumah pra-rumah sakit atau
pada saat kedatangan ke ED. Kami menambahkan informasi tentang sistem triase
RETTS, dua tingkat ketajaman tertinggi bersama memiliki sensitivitas tinggi (85%)
untuk mengidentifikasi sepsis pada saat kedatangan ke ED - dan dengan demikian,
RETTS tidak boleh diganti oleh qSOFA sebagai alat skrining dan pemicu untuk
sepsis pada saat kedatangan.6
Kesimpulan
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Introduce
Sepsis, the physiological, pathological, and infectious biochemical
syndrome, is a major public health problem, an incidence of over $ 20 billion (5.2%)
of total hospital costs in the US in 2011. Increased sepsis , possibly replacing aging
populations with more comorbidity, greater recognition, and, in some countries,
profitable coding of revelation. Although the actual incident is unknown, it is quite
conservative to show that sepsis is the leading cause of death and critical illness
worldwide. Furthermore, there is an increased awareness of patients who survive
sepsis often have long-term physical, psychological, and cognitive disabilities with
health care and significant social implications.1
SEPSIS
Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock are a severe systemic inflammatory
response to infection. Sepsis is common in aging populations, and
disproportionately affects patients with cancer and underlying immunosuppression
suppression. In its most severe form, sepsis causes multiple organ dysfunction that
can produce a chronic critical illness characterized by severe immune dysfunction
and catabolism. Many have learned about the pathogenesis of sepsis at the level of
molecular, cell, and whole organ. Despite the uncertainty in hemodynamic
management and some of the failing treatments in clinical trials, research therapy
increasingly targets sepsis that induce organ and immune dysfunction. Outcomes in
sepsis have increased overall, probably due to an enhanced focus on early diagnosis
and fluid resuscitation, rapid effective antibiotic delivery, and other improvements
in supportive care for critically ill patients. These improvements include lung
protective vents, more prudent use of blood products, and strategies for reducing
nosocomial infections.2
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SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assesment)
SOFA has been recommended (along with a less validated, more clinical
tool called quick SOFA or qSOFA) for assessment of patients with sepsis by the
new 2016 Sepsis Definitions Consensus Statement (Sepsis 3), though it is not
usually used outside of larger, academic centers. While the clinical utility of SOFA
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in daily practice is unproven, many states have included SOFA in their crisis
standards of care plans as an element of the triage framework for scarce resources.3
Both the mean and highest SOFA scores are predictors of outcome. An
increase in SOFA score during the first 24 to 48 hours in the ICU predicts a
mortality rate of at least 50% up to 95%. Scores less than 9 give predictive mortality
at 33% while above 11 can be close to or above 95%.4
SOFA assists health care providers in estimating the risk of morbidity and
mortality due to sepsis, the most costly medical condition in the United States. 4
400 0
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< 400 1
< 300 2
15 0
1314 1
1012 2
69 3
<6 4
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Mean arterial pressure OR SOFA
administration of vasopressors required score
MAP 70 mm/Hg 0
dopamine 5 g/kg/min 2
or dobutamine (any dose)
1.21.9 [20-32] 1
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2.05.9 [33-101] 2
6.011.9 [102-204] 3
Table 4. Liver 4
150 0
< 150 1
< 100 2
< 50 3
< 20 4
Table 5. Coagulation 4
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1.21.9 [110-170] 1
2.03.4 [171-299] 2
Table 6. Kidneys 4
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The score ranges from 0 to 3 points. The presence of 2 or more qSOFA
points near the onset of infection was associated with a greater risk of death or
prolonged intensive care unit stay. These are outcomes that are more common in
infected patients who may be septic than those with uncomplicated infection. Based
upon these findings, the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis
recommends qSOFA as a simple prompt to identify infected patients outside the
ICU who are likely to be septic.4
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Lactate 2 mmol/L plus qSOFA improves utility over qSOFA
alone in emergency department patients presenting with suspected
sepsis.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The Sepsis-3 task force recommends the use of the quick Sequential Organ
Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score to identify risk for adverse outcomes in patients
presenting with suspected infection. Lactate has been shown to predict adverse
outcomes in patients with suspected infection. The aim of the study is to investigate
the utility of a post hoc lactate threshold (2 mmol/L) added qSOFA score
(LqSOFA(2) score) to predict primary composite adverse outcomes (mortality
and/or ICU stay 72 h) in patients presenting to ED with suspected sepsis.5
METHODS:
Retrospective cohort study was conducted on a merged dataset of suspected
or proven sepsis patients presenting to ED across multiple sites in Australia and The
Netherlands. Patients are identified as candidates for quality improvement
initiatives or research studies at respective sites based on local screening
procedures. Data-sharing was performed across sites of demographics,
qSOFA, SOFA, lactate thresholds and outcome data for included patients.
LqSOFA(2) scores were calculated by adding an extra point to qSOFA score in
patients who met lactate thresholds of 2 mmol/L.5
RESULTS:
In a merged dataset of 12 555 patients where a full qSOFA score and
outcome data were available, LqSOFA(2) 2 identified more patients with an
adverse outcome (sensitivity 65.5%, 95% confidence interval 62.6-68.4) than
qSOFA 2 (sensitivity 47.6%, 95% confidence interval 44.6- 50.6). The post hoc
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addition of lactate threshold identified higher proportion of patients at risk of
adverse outcomes.5
CONCLUSIONS:
The lactate 2 mmol/L threshold-based LqSOFA(2) score performs better
than qSOFA alone in identifying risk of adverse outcomes in ED patients with
suspected sepsis.5
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Frequency and significance of qSOFA criteria during adult rapid
response team reviews: A prospective cohort study.
Abstract
AIM:
METHODS:
CONCLUSION:
Adult patients who are qSOFA positive at the time of their RRT review are
at increased risk of in-hospital mortality. The assessment of qSOFA may be a useful
triage tool during a RRT review.6
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Poor performance of quick-SOFA (qSOFA) score in
predicting severe sepsis and mortality a prospective study of
patients admitted with infection to the emergency department
Abstrack
Background
Methods
Results
Of the 1535 admitted patients, 108 (7.0%) fulfilled the Sepsis2 criteria for
severe sepsis. The qSOFA score 2 identified only 33 (sensitivity 0.32, specificity
0.98) of the patients with severe sepsis, whilst the RETTS-alertorange identified
92 patients (sensitivity 0.85, specificity 0.55). Twenty-six patients died within 7
days of admission; four (15.4%) of them had a qSOFA 2, and 16 (61.5%) had
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RETTSorange alert. Of the 68 patients that died within 30 days, only eight
(11.9%) scored 2 on the qSOFA, and 45 (66.1%) had a RETTSorange alert.5
Discussion
Conclusion
In this observational cohort study, qSOFA failed to identify two thirds of the
patients admitted to an ED with severe sepsis. Further, qSOFA failed to be a risk
stratification tool as the sensitivity to predict 7-day and 30-day mortality was low.
The sensitivity was poorer than the other warning scores already in use at the study
site, RETTS-triage and the SIRS criteria.7
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