ABSTRAK
Metode : Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pre eksperimental design tepatnya quasi
eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pre-post test design.Subyek penelitian
sebanyak 36 orang perempuang yang memiliki berat badan lebih dari normal.Penetapan berat
badan berlebih dari normal menggunakan criteria inklusi.Variabel yang diteliti yaitu variasi
genetic gen adiponektin, berat badan. Untuk variasi gen dilakuakn pemeriksaan PCR yang
diperiksa di Laboratorium Nechri dengan protocol terstandar.
Hasil : Hasil penelitian diperoleh variasi gen adipinektin variasi genetik TT dengan presentase
75,0%, genotip GT 22,2%, GG 2,8%. Rata-rata responden memilikiBB (berat badan) menurun
sejumlah 24 orang dengan presentase 66,7% dengan nilai p 0.001 atau ada perbedaan berat
badan sebelum dan setelah latihan aerobic selama 6 minggu atau 18 kali latihan,dan hubungan
variasi genetic gen adiponekti dengan BB didapatkan nilai variasai genetik TT yang menurun
berat badan sesudah latihan aerobik kombinasi dengan diet OCD sebanyak 19 orang atau 70.4
% dan GT yang menurun 7 orang atau 87,5 % sedangkan GG 0 %. Dari hasil uji statistik uji
kruskal-wallis didapatkan nilai P 0.20 atau P > 0,05.
Kesimpulan: tidak ada hubungn antara faktor genetik dengan berat badan sesudah latihan
aerobik kombinasi dengan diet OCD.dengan nilai P 0,20 .
Kata Kunci : Variasi genetic gen adiponekti,latihan aerobik, BB, overweight,obesitas.
I. PENDAHULUAN
Karakteristik Responden
.Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 36 orang dari beberapa institusi
keperawatan dan kebidanan yang di makassar. Karateristik subyek penelitian meliputi jenis
kelamin, umur, pendidkan. Jenis kelamin responden adalah perempuan 100%, umur reponden
17-20 tahun dengan rata-rata responden berumur 18 tahun dengan presentase 47,2%,
pendidikan 100% mahasiswi.
Umur N %
17 5 13,9
18 17 47,2
19 9 25
20 5 13,9
Total 36 100
Variasi Gen n %
TT 27 75
GT 8 22,2
GG 1 2,8
Total 36 100
Latihan aerobic
n mean + sb mean + sb P
Berdasarkan hasil uji t dengan hasil P < 0,001 atau p< 0,005, menunjukkan
bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara berat badan sebelum latihan aerobic
dengan setelah latihan aerobic. Penelitian ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Kim DY
(2014), ada efek interaksi signifikan dalam waktu dan kelompok berat badan, indeks
massa tubuh, lemak tubuh persen, volume maksimum konsumsi oksigen menit,
high-density lipoprotein kolesterol, dan apolipoprotein apolipoprotein A-1 rasio.
Selain itu lingkar pinggang, kolesterol, total dan indeks aterogenik menurun secara
signifikan setelah 12 minggu latihan aerobik. Latihan aerobik yang teratur efektif
meningkatkan faktor resiko kardiovaskular dan penurunan indeks obesitas pada
wanita obesitas.
Sebuah penelitian gabungan yang luas membandingkan diet rendah lemak
yang kaya akan karbohidrat kompleks dan diet yang kaya akan karbohidrat
sederhana selama waktu 6 bulan. Didapatkan tidak ada perbedaan pada
metabolism ataupun penurunan berat badan di antara mereka yang mengikuti diet
rendah lemak, diet tinggi gula, dan diet rendah lemak, tinggi karbohidrat.(Michael
J.dkk,2013).
Hubungan variasi genetic gen adiponektin dengan berat badan setelah dilakukan
latihan aerobik
Berdasarkan hasil Uji kruskal-wallis test menunjukkan hasil variasai genetik TT
yang menurun berat badan sesudah latihan aerobik kombinasi dengan diet OCD
sebanyak 19 orang atau 70.4 % dan GT yang menurun 7 orang atau 87,5 % sedangkan
GG 0 %. Dari hasil uji statistik uji kruskal-wallis didapatkan nilai P 0.20 atau P > 0,05
maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa “ tidak ada hubungn antara faktor genetik
dengan berat badan sesudah latihan aerobik kombinasi dengan diet OCD.
Tabel 10 Hubungan variasi genetik dengan berat badan (BB)
Perubahan BB
Variasi
genetik Menurun Menetap Meningkat P
N % n % N %
TT 17 63 5 18,5 5 18,5
0,20
GT 7 87,5 1 12,5 0 0
GG 0 0.0 1 100 0 0
Berdasarkan uji Uji kruskal-wallis test dengan hasil P < 0,20 menunjukkan
bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara variasi genetic dengan perubahan berat badan
setelah dilakukan latihan aerobic.
Lemak makanan merupakan sumber yang sangat kaya energy dari makanan
dan sebagai nakibatnya asupan lemak yang tinggi kemungkinan besar akan
meningkatkan meningkatkan berat badan melalui konsumsi pasif energy.Simpanan
lemak itu sangat efesien untuk mendukung peranan asupan lemak yang penting
dalam menaikkan berat badan.
Sistem metabolime energi untuk menghasilkan ATP dapat berjalan secara
aerobik (dengan oksigen) dan secara anaerobik (tanpa oksigen), Kedua proses ini
dpat berjalan secara simultan di dalam tubuh saat olahraga. Pada aktivitas olahraga
dengan intesitas rendah-sedang memiki komponen aerobik tinggi, metabolisme
energi tubuh berjalan secara aerobik dengan kehadiran oksigen melalui
pembakaran simpanan karbohidrat, lemak dan protein. Diantara semua bentuk
simpanan energi yang terdapat dalam tubuh, simpanan karbohidrat dan lemak
merupakan sumber nutrisi utama yang akan digunakan untuk menyediakan energi
bagi kontraksi otot. Keduanya akan menjadi sumber energi utama bagi tubuh saat
berolahraga yang presentase kontribusinya terhadap produksi energi akan
ditentukan oleh intensitas olahraga serta lamanya waktu berolahraga (Dannis,S.C.,
& N oakes,T.D, 2013). Dalam suatu studi hubungan antara olahraga dan
adiponektin Esposito et al diterapkan perubahan pola makan dan latihan aerobik
untuk wanita paruh baya gemuk dan mengamati penurunan berat badan dan
peningkatan yang signifikan dalam tingkat adiponektin.
Pada penelitian Steve Bevan dkk, 2010, bahwa adiponektin berkorelasi
negative dengan IM (-0,079, P= 0,013), Tidak ada korelasi antara tingkat leptin
dengan adiponektin dan IMT. Dalam suatu studi hubungan antara olahraga dan
adiponektin Esposito et al diterapkan perubahan pola makan dan latihan aerobik
untuk wanita paruh baya gemuk dan mengamati penurunan berat badan dan
peningkatan yang signifikan dalam tingkat adiponektin.
Pada penelitian Steve Bevan dkk, 2010, bahwa adiponektin berkorelasi
negative dengan IM (-0,079, P= 0,013), Tidak ada korelasi antara tingkat leptin
dengan adiponektin dan IMT.
IV. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada peranan variasi genetic
dengan perubahan berat badan setelah dilakukan latihan aerobic.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bloedl, 2011, Genetic Variants of Adiponectin Receptor 2 are associated with increased
adiponectin levels and decreased trigliseride/VLDL Level in patients with
metabolic syndrome cardiovascular diabetology.
Dennis,S.C., & Noakes, T.D., 2013, Exercise: muscle & metabolic requirement. In
Encylopedia of Food Sciences & Nutrition, 2nd Edition.
Dae-Young Kim, Byoung-Do Seo, Dong-Je Kim .11 mei 2014.: Effect of walking
exercise on Changes in cardiorespiratory Fitness, Metabolic Syndrome Markers,
and High-moleculer-weight Adiponectin in Obese Middle-aged Women.26:1723-
1727
Esposito K,Pontillo A,Di Palo C, et al : Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on
vascular inflammatory markers in obese women : a ramdomized
trial.JAMA,2003,289:1799-1804
Fox, 2010. Human Physiology, 6 th ed. WCB/Mc. Graw-Hill, Companies, Boston, Buar
Redge II, Dobuque IA, Madison, WI New York, pp. 109-120,326-352
Giannopolou I, ploutz-snyder LL, carhart r, et al: Exercise is requiredfor visceral fat loss
is postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.J clin Endocrinol,2005,90: 1511-
1518.
ABSTRACT
Background: In Indonesia research Basic Health Research (Riskesda) National reported
an increase in the national prevalence of obesity (combined category of overweight and
obese) in 2010-2013 by sex that in men by 15% in 2010 increased to 20% in 2013, and
according to the female gender in 2010 amounted to 26% increase 35% by 2013
(Ministry of Health in 2010 and 2013. this study aims to determine the role of genetic
variations in adiponectin gene on weight loss, the levels of adiponectin, body mass
index, waist circumference and upper arm circumference.
Methods: The method used is pre experimental design rather quasi experimental
research design with one group pre-post test design.Subyek perempuang research as
many as 36 people who weigh more than normal.Penetapan excess of normal weight
using the criteria inklusi.Variabel observed that adiponectin gene genetic variations,
body weight. For dilakuakn PCR gene variations were examined in the laboratory
Nechri with a standardized protocol.
Results: The results obtained gene variation adipinektin genetic variation TT with a
percentage of 75.0%, 22.2% genotype GT, GG 2.8%. On average respondents
memilikiBB (weight) decreased number of 24 people with a percentage of 66.7% with a
value of p 0001 or no difference in weight before and after aerobic exercise for 6 weeks
or 18 times the exercise, genes and genetic variations relationship with BB obtained
adiponekti variasai genetic value TT weight decreased after aerobic exercise combined
with diet OCD as many as 19 people or 70.4% and GT decreased 7 people, or 87.5%,
while GG 0%. From the statistical test Kruskal-Wallis test or obtained value P 0:20 P>
0.05.
Conclusion: no hubungn between genetic factors with weight loss after aerobic
exercise combined with diet OCD.dengan P value of 0.20.
Keywords: genetic variation gene adiponekti, aerobic exercise, weight, overweight,
obesity.
I. INTRODUCTION
In Indonesia research Health Research (Riskesda) National reported an increase
in the national prevalence of obesity (combined category of overweight and obese) in
2010-2013 by sex that in men by 15% in 2010 increased to 20% by 2013, and by type
female sex in 2010 amounted to 26% increase 35% by 2013 (Department of Health,
2010 and 2013).
Obesity is caused by an imbalance of calories in consumption compared to the
expenditure. Calories obtained from food while its expenditure through body activity and
sport. The amount of basic caloric needs are determined by genetic or hereditary.
However, physical activity and exercise can increase the amount of calorie expenditure.
So this calorie imbalance can be determined by heredity but triggered by lifestyle and
environment. Relaxed lifestyle habits, lazy move, always assisted by others and
overeating will improve outcomes and lower calorie intake. Several studies have shown
that lifestyle or identified, socioeconomic status, excessive energy consumption, low
levels of physical activity as a risk factor for the development of CHD in people
dewasa.Pentingnya exercise (exercise) regularly to prevent CHD in adolescents and
adults is not yet clear
Seeing the large number of events overweigt and obesity are caused by an
imbalance anatara food intake with the body's energy needs, the excess intake
lemak.Keseimbangan is stored in the form of energy in the body is affected by various
factors both barasal of the body, namely the regulation of physiological and metabolic or
from outside gaa body associated with life (environment) which would affect the eating
habits and physical activity. Physiological regulation and metabolism is influenced by
genetics and environment play a role as well by lingkungan.Faktor 70% while 30% in
the obesitas.Dimana genetic environmental factors including food and physical activity
as well as factors drugs, toxins and viruses (Soegih Rachman, 2009).
Given the breadth and diversity effects that can be caused by adiponectin, it is
necessary to do further research to see whether the role of genetic variation in
adiponectin gene with aerobic exercise intervention to reduce fat thus affecting body
weight can prevent diabetes disease, cardiovascular, ascites. Based on the increased
incidence of obesity and the incidence of diseases caused by obesity overweiht and it
can be formulated problem is the role of adiponectin gene polymorphism on weight loss
with aerobic exercise in overweight and obese individuals
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS RESEARCH
This research is an experimental study or experimental design (quasi
experimental) which is the research used to search for causal relationships where
randomization is not carried out and did not use a control group. The study design using
one-group pre-posttest design. In this study selected a group of subjects or
experimental unit. Before being given the treatment, measurements (pre-test) and then
given treatment and at the end of the activity or after a given treatment, re-
measurement (post-test) The results of pre and post test measurements will be
compared to see the difference in the value of the variable after a given intervention.
Age N %
17 5 13,9
18 17 47,2
19 9 25
20 5 13,9
Total 36 100
Variasi Gen n %
TT 27 75
GT 8 22,2
GG 1 2,8
Total 36 100
Latihan aerobic
n mean + sb mean + sb P
Based on the results of the t test with the results of P <0.001 or p <0.005,
indicating that there is a significant difference between the weight before aerobic
exercise with after aerobic exercise. This study agrees with the results of research Kim
DY (2014), there was a significant interaction effect within and groups of body weight,
body mass index, body fat percent, the maximum volume of oxygen consumption-
minute, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein apolipoprotein A-1 ratio ,
Furthermore waist circumference, cholesterol, total and atherogenic index decreased
significantly after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise. Regular aerobic exercise effectively
improve cardiovascular risk factors and a decline in obesity index in obese women.
An extensive joint study comparing low-fat diet rich in complex carbohydrates and a diet
rich in simple carbohydrates during the period of 6 months. Found no differences in
metabolism or weight loss among those who follow a diet low in fat, high-sugar diet, and
a diet low in fat, high in carbohydrates. (Michael J.dkk, 2013).
Adiponectin gene genetic variation relationship with body weight after aerobic
exercise
Based on the results of test Kruskal-Wallis test showed the results of genetic variasai
TT weight decreased after aerobic exercise combined with diet OCD as many as 19
people or 70.4% and GT decreased 7 people, or 87.5%, while GG 0%. From the
statistical test Kruskal-Wallis test or obtained value P 0:20 P> 0.05 it can be concluded
that there was "no hubungn between genetic factors with weight loss after aerobic
exercise combined with diet OCD.
Perubahan BB
Variasi
genetik Menurun Menetap Meningkat P
N % n % N %
TT 17 63 5 18,5 5 18,5
0,20
GT 7 87,5 1 12,5 0 0
GG 0 0.0 1 100 0 0
Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test test test with the results of P <0.20 indicates
that there is no relationship between genetic variation with changes in body weight after
aerobic exercise.
Dietary fat is a very rich source of food and energy as nakibatnya high fat intake is likely
to increase gain weight through fat energy.Simpanan passive consumption was very
efficient to support the role of fat intake is important in weight gain.
Energy metabolism system to produce ATP can run aerobically (with oxygen)
and anaerobic (without oxygen), dpat Both of these processes running simultaneously
in the body during exercise. On the sporting activity with a low-moderate intensity have
an aerobic component is high, the body's energy metabolism running aerobically in the
presence of oxygen through combustion deposits of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Among all forms of stored energy contained in the body, carbohydrates and fat deposits
are the main source of nutrients that will be used to provide energy for muscle
contraction. Both will be the main source of energy for the body during exercise that
percentage of its contribution to energy production will be determined by the intensity of
the exercise and the duration of exercise (Dannis, SC, & N oakes, TD, 2013). In a study
of the relationship between sport and adiponectin Esposito et al implemented changes
in diet and aerobic exercise for obese middle-aged women and observed weight loss
and a significant increase in adiponectin levels.
In the study Steve Bevan et al, 2010, that adiponectin correlated negatively with
IM (-0.079, P = 0.013), There is no correlation between the levels of adiponectin and
leptin with BMI. In a study of the relationship between sport and adiponectin Esposito et
al implemented changes in diet and aerobic exercise for obese middle-aged women and
observed weight loss and a significant increase in adiponectin levels.
In the study Steve Bevan et al, 2010, that adiponectin correlated negatively with IM (-
0.079, P = 0.013), There is no correlation between the levels of adiponectin and leptin
with BMI.
IV. conclusion
Based on the results of the study concluded that there was no role of genetic variation
with changes in body weight after aerobic exercise.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bloedl, 2011, Genetic Variants of adiponectin receptor 2 are associated with Increased
adiponectin levels and Decreased trigliseride / VLDL Level in Patients with metabolic
syndrome, cardiovascular diabetology.
Dennis, SC, & Noakes, TD, 2013 Exercise: muscle and metabolic requirements. In the
Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2nd Edition.
Department of Health, 2013, basic health research (RISKESDA)
Dae-Young Kim, Byoung-Do Seo, Dong-Je Kim .11 mei 2014 .: Effect of Changes in
walking exercise on cardiorespiratory Fitness, Metabolic Syndrome Markers, and High-
moleculer-weight adiponectin in Obese Middle-aged Women.26: 1723-1727