PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PRAKTIK KADER POSYANDU TERHADAP 1000 HARI PERTAMA

KEHIDUPAN DI DESA CIMARGA DAN DESA SUKAHAYU, KABUPATEN SUMEDANG, JAWA

BARAT

PRETEST DAN POST TEST

Nainggolan S, Priastuty F, Adriani A, Dwiki N, Widisesa R, Margaretha E, Christianingtias G, Stephanie M,

Pratama W, Silaban A, Shanty I, Trianardi M, Adiningsih R

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

ABSTRAK

Pendahuluan: Periode 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) merupakan periode sensitif/golden period karena
akibat yang ditimbulkan dari gangguan gizi pada periode ini terhadap bayi akan bersifat permanen dan tidak dapat
dikoreksi. Menurut data dari Riskesdas tahun 2018, balita dengan gizi kurang dan gizi buruk memiliki proporsi
sebesar 17,7%, sedangkan untuk masalah status gizi berlebih (gemuk) balita di Indonesia memiliki angka sebesar
8%, serta yang masih menjadi masalah yaitu proporsi balita dengan tubuh pendek (stunting) dan sangat pendek
masih sebesar 30.8%. Kader Posyandu merupakan salah satu tenaga yang dapat membantu terwujudnya program
1000 HPK ini agar dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Praktik Kader Posyandu terhadap 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan di Desa Cimarga dan
Desa Sukahayu, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Pretest dan Post test. Metode: Metode penelitian yang
digunakan adalah studi deskriptif diagnosis masyarakat pre dan post test. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini
sebanyak 67 responden yang diambil secara Total sampling pada periode 24 Juni 2019 sampai dengan 3 Juli
2019. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, setelah diberikan intervensi didapatkan peningkatan rata – rata
tingkat pengetahuan sebesar 7.0%, sikap sebesar 7.9% dan praktik sebesar 14.2%. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan,
sikap, dan praktik kader Posyandu terhadap 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (1000 HPK) di Desa Cimarga dan
Desa Sukahayu, Kabupaten Sumedang, secara keseluruhan mengalami peningkatan setelah diberikan intervensi.

Kata kunci: Pengetahuan, Sikap, Praktik, Kader Posyandu, 1000 HPK

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The First 1000 Days of Life is a sensitive period, with the consequences of any nutrition problems
in this period for toddlers will be permanent. According to the data from Riskesdas in 2018, the percentage of
toddlers with malnutrition are 17.7%, while for toddlers with overweight problem Indonesia are 8%, and toddlers
with stunting are 30.8%. Posyandu cadres are the one that can help realizing First 1000 Days of Life program to
be well implemented Objective: This study aims to have a better view on the knowledge, attitude and practice of
Posyandu cadres on implementing the first 1000 days of life in Cimarga and Sukahayu Village, Sumedang, West
Java, before and after given an education on the subject. Method: This research is done descriptively to diagnose
the community before and after given the education. The number of samples in this study were 67 respondents
taken with total sampling as the method of sampling, which taken between the period of 24 th June of 2019 until
the 3rd of July, 2019. Results: After analyzing the data aquired, it is found that there are an increase in the average
level of knowledge as much as 7.0%, attitude of 7.9% and practice of 14.2% after intervention. Conclusion: The
knowledge, attitude, and practice of Posyandu cadres on the First 1000 Days of Life program in Cimarga and
Sukahayu Village, Sumedang, has been increased due to the intervention given.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Posyandu Cadres, First 1000 Days of Life

BACKGROUND The First 1000 Days of Life is the period of

a child's early life, which is 270 days (9 months)
during the time inside the mother's womb and attitude, and practice of Posyandu cadres
730 days (2 years) of the baby's life after birth. towards the First 1000 Days of Life in Cimarga
This period is a sensitive period / golden period and Sukahayu Village.
because the effects on babies during this period
will be permanent. The consequences are not METHOD
limited to physical growth, but also to mental
This research is done descriptively as
development and intelligence, this phenomenon
Community Diagnosis study on the First 1000
can be observed on adult with history of
Days of Life Program. This study is also
stunting in the past. This will indirectly lead to
intended to provide the baseline data for the
low social and economic productivity.1
design of subsequent studies related to the First
According to data from the 2018 Basic 1000 Days of Life Program.
Health Research (Riskesdas), children under
 The study including collecting data on
five with malnutrition have a percentage of
knowledge, attitude, and practice of Posyandu
17.7%. Toddlers categorized as underweight
cadres related to the First 1000 Days of Life
and severely underweight are still above 10%.
Program on two occasion, namely before and
Whereas for overweight problems on toddlers in
after an intervention on the form of education on
Indonesia have a persentage of 8%, with 13
the First 1000 Days of Life program to the
provinces above the national prevalence
Cadres.
average. Besides that, the main problem is the
Samples were taken with non-randomized
high number of stunting children. In present day
method, namely Total sampling. The samples
the percentage of children categorized as short
taken are all Posyandu cadres in Cimarga
an very short is still at 30.8%.2
Village and Sukahayu Village, Sumedan, West
Posyandu cadres are the one who can help
Java, Indonesia. The criteria that met in this
realizing this First 1000 Days of Life program
study were Cadres who serve under the
so that it can be implemented properly. The
Posyandu located in the villages of Cimarga and
behavior of Posyandu cadres towards the First
Sukahayu, Sumedang with the study occurring
1000 Days of Life is very important considering
between 24th of June, 2019 until July the 3 rd of
Posyandu cadres are directly become a link
2019.
between health workers and the community in a
more specific area of coverage. Therefore, we With the help of software for processing
conducted a study to describe the knowledge, and analyzing data, the data that has been
obtained are divided into 2 category, namely the 2. Education
pretest data and the post test data. The data is
Table 4.2. Distribution of Respondents
then entered into SPSS software in the form of a
Based on the Latest Education of Posyandu
score. This score will then be totaled based on 3
Cadres in Cimarga Village and Sukahayu
large groups, namely Knowledge, Attitude, and
Village in Sumedang Regency
Practice which will then be classified into
categories as specified. Education N %

RESULTS
Primary school 16 23.8

Junior High School 22 32.8

A. Characteristics of Respondents
Senior High School 28 41.7
The characteristics of the respondents taken
D3 1 1.4
on this study are the age, education,
Total 67 100
employment and monthly income of the Cadres
which are described as follows:

1. Age 3. Work Status

Table 4.1. Distribution of Age-Based Table 4.3. Distribution of Respondents

Respondents in Cimarga Village and Based on the Job of Posyandu Cadres in

Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency Cimarga Village, Sumedang Regency

Work N %

Housewife 21 100%
Age Group N %

17-25 4 5.9

26-35 18 26.8 4. Monthly Income

36-45 17 25.3 Table 4.4. Distribution of Respondents Based

46-55 23 34.3 on Monthly Income from Posyandu Cadres

in Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency
56-65 4 5.9

>65 1 1.4 Income Group N %

Total 67 100 <Rp.1.500.000 17 37

Rp.1.500.000-2.500.000 24 52.2
 Attitude, and Practice of Pretest and Post Test

Rp.2.500.000-3.500.000 4 8.7 Posyandu Cadres in Cimarga Village and

Sukahayu Village, Sumedang District Pretest
> Rp.3.500.000 1 2.2
and Post test can be seen in table 4.5.
Total 46 100
Table 4.5. Average Score of Pretest and Post
Test Posyandu Cadre Knowledge, Attitude
B. Univariate Analysis
and Practice in Cimarga Village and
In general, the knowledge, attitude, and Sukahayu Village, Sumedang District Pretest
practice of Posyandu cadres on First 1000 Days and Post test
of Life at the pretest and posttest in Cimarga
Village and Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Pretest Post Increase

Regency, are based on the results of the study (%) test (%) (%)

were considered poor before intervention and Knowledge 80.8 87.8 7.0
then improved after given the intervention. At
pretest, the average respondent had a good level Attitude 76.2 84.1 7.9

of knowledge (80.8%) and After the Practice 76.9 91.1 14.2

intervention was given, in the form of
counseling, the average score of the
Diagram 4.1. Average Score of Pretest and
respondents' knowledge level increased
Post Test Posyandu Knowledge, Attitude and
(87.8%). For the respondent's attitude towards Practice in Cimarga Village and Sukahayu
the First 1000 Days of Life before the Village, Sumedang DistrictPretest dan Post
intervention was considered poor (76.2%). After test

the intervention was given, the average score of

the respondents attitude increased as well
(84.1%). The practice of respondents to First
1000 Days of Life before the intervention was
given was considered poor, with an average
score of 76.9%. After the respondents received
an intervention, the practice of respondents are
increased and considered good (91.1%). The
results of the average score of Knowledge,
 95 and Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency
91.1
90
87.8
90 85.1
85 84.1
80
80.8 68.6
70
80
76.2 76.9 60
75 50

40
70 31.3
30
65 20
Pengetahuan Sikap Praktik 14.9
10

0
Kurang Baik Baik
1. Knowledge

Table 4.6. Distribution of Respondents Based 2. Attitude

on the Knowledge of Pretest and Post Test
Based on the results of the study, it
Posyandu Cadres in Cimarga Village and
Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency was found that most of the respondents'
attitude were poor before the intervention,
Knowledge Pretest Post test Increase
after the education given, their attitude
(%)
increased. At the pretest, respondents who
N % N %
had a poor attitude on First 1000 Days of
Low 21 31.3 10 14.9 16.5
Life were 40 out of 67 people (59.8%),
Good 46 68.6 57 85.1
while 27 respondents had a good attitude
Total 67 100.0 67 100.
0 (26.9%). In the post test, there was a
reduction in the number of respondents who

Diagram 4.2. Distribution of Respondents
Based on the Knowledge of Pretest and Post
Test Posyandu Cadres in Cimarga Village
had a poor attitude (26.9%), and an increase
in the number of respondents who has a
considered good attitude (73.1%) with an
increase of 32.9%. The results of the
research on attitude can be seen in Table
4.10.
Table 4.10. Distribution of Respondents Based on the results of the research
Based on the Attitude of Pretest and Post
that has been carried out, 28 out of 67
Test Posyandu Cadres in Cimarga Village
and Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency Practice of respondents before given the
Attitud Pretest Post test Increase intervention are good (41.7%). Thirty nine
e
(%) people from 67 respondents (58.3%) had
N % N % poor practice regarding First 1000 Days of
Low 40 59.8 18 26.9 32.9 Life. Then after being given the intervention
Good 27 40.2 49 73.1 there was an increase of 47.8% of the
Total 67 100. 67 100.0 respondents' practice, namely the attitude of
0
60 people from 67 respondents are altered
and considered good (89.5%). The results of

Chart 4.3. Distribution of Respondents Based the study on Practice can be seen in Table
on the Attitude of Pretest and Post Test 4.11.
Posyandu Cadres in Cimarga Village and
Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency Table 4.11. Distribution of Respondents
Based on Pretest and Post Test Posyandu
Cadre Practice in Cimarga Village and
80 Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency
73.1
70 Practic Pretest Post test Increase
59.8 e
60 N % N % (%)

50 Low 39 58.3 7 10.4 47.8

40.2
40 Good 28 41.7 60 89.5

30 26.9 Total 67 100.0 67 100.

0
20

10

0
Kurang Baik Baik
Chart 4.4. Distribution of Respondents Based
on Pretest and Post Test Posyandu Cadre
Practice in Cimarga Village and Sukahayu

3. Practice
 Village, Sumedang Regency stimuli or objects accompanied by a tendency to
act. Attitude is a reaction from someone to a

100 stimulus or object, and a person's attitude

89.5
90 towards an object will bring a person's tendency
80 to act in accordance with an object that the
70
58.3 person considers positive.5
60
50
In this study, the attitude of
41.7
40 respondents to First 1000 Days of Life before
30 the intervention was classified as poor (76.2%).
20
10.4 After the intervention, the average score of
10
0
respondents' attitude increased and considered
Kurang Baik Baik
(84.1%) with an increase of 7.9%. This also
happened to the practice of respondents on The
DISCUSSION First 1000 Days of Life. The practice of the
respondents was first considered poor before
Based on the results of the study, in
they were given the intervention (76.9%). After
general the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of
being given the intervention there was an
Posyandu Cadres on First 1000 Days of Life at the
increase of 14.2% to 91.1%.
pretest and posttest in Cimarga Village and
This increase is in accordance with the
Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency, were poor
before the intervention (pretest) was given. After theory according to Notoatmojdo (2010) which

being given the intervention, the average score of the
knowledge, attitude, and practice are all increased.
At pretest, the average respondents
with good level of knowledge are 80.8% and
after the intervention was given, the average
score of the respondents' knowledge increased
by 7.0% to 87.8%. Knowledge is very important
for one's practice because attitude and practice
are based on knowledge.4
Attitude are views, opinions, responses
or judgments and also a person's feelings for
states that changes in attitude are basically
influenced by factors of knowledge and beliefs
or beliefs obtained from the results of sensing,
one of which is obtained through education or
learning process.3
This is also in accordance with
Primary research by Andriani Putri, et al., That
the provision of education has a large effect on
changing the knowledge and attitude of
respondents, which were 87.3% and 67.7%
respectively.8
 It can be said that education is a
method that can change a person's behavior
for the better.8 The intervention in the form
of education turns out to affect the
knowledge, attitude and practice of
respondents towards The First 1000 Days of
Life. The behavior of Posyandu cadres
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
towards First 1000 Days of Life is influenced
not only by knowledge, it is also possible to
be influenced by existing attitude formed by
socio-cultural factors in the neighborhood.9
CONCLUSION
In general, the knowledge, attitude,
and practice of Posyandu cadres on The First
1000 Days of Life in Cimarga Village and
Sukahayu Village, Sumedang Regency, based
on the results of the study were considered poor
before the intervention was given and improved
well after.
• Knowledge of Posyandu cadres on the
First 1000 Days of Life based on the
results of the study has increased by an
average of 7.0%. The highest increase in
knowledge is found regarding the effect
of folic acid deficiency on fetal nerve
formation during pregnancy.
• Posyandu cadres attitude towards the
First 1000 Days of Life based on
research results have increased by an
average of 7.9%.
• The practice of Posyandu cadres on the
First 1000 Days of Life based on
research results has increased by an
average of 14.2%
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Pertama Kehidupan Bayi Di Rumah Sakit