Keterangan:
v = kecepatan (km/jam atau m/s)
s = perpindahan, sebagai jarak tempuh (km atau m)
t = selang waktu atau juga waktu tempuh (jam, sekon)
Contoh Soal Gerak Lurus Beraturan
Soal: Seorang pengendara becak mengoes pedalnya itu selama 2,5 jam sepanjang lintasan lurus. Berapa
jarak yang ditempuh apabila diketahui bahwa kecepatannya itu sebesar 18 km/jam?
Jawaban :
Rumus Kecepatan adalah v = s/t
Maka, dapat dapat di tuliskan kembali menjadi: s = v . t
Jadi, pengendara becak tersebut telah menempuh jarak itu sejauh 45 km.
b) Gerak Lurus Berubah Beraturan (GLBB)
suatu gerakan benda yang linear berarah mendatar (yakni Gerak Lurus) itu dengan kecepatan
yang berubah tiap saat disebabkan karna adanya percepatan yang tetap (Berubah Beraturan).
Pada GLBB atau gerak lurus berubah beraturan ini, gerak benda tersebut bisa atau dapat
mengalami percepatan apabila nilai percepatan positif, atau juga perlambatan apabila nilai
percepatan negatif. Gerak benda yang mengalami percepatan tersebut disebut GLBB dipercepat,
sedangkan untuk gerak yang mengalami perlambatan disebut dengan GLBB diperlambat.
Grafik GLBB
Grafik kecepatan terhadap waktu dari gerakan GLBB serta gerakan yang tidak berubah itu
terdapat pada gambar di bawah ini.
Rumus GLBB
Terdapat 3 rumus dasar GLBB yaitu:
1. Rumus kecepatan akhir saat t
Rumus GLBB ini menjelaskan mengenai berapa kecepatan benda pada saat t
diberi percepatan sebesar a serta mempunyai kecepatan awal sebesar v_0.
2. Rumus perpindahan benda saat t
Rumus GLBB ini menjelaskan mengenai berapa perpindahan benda yang
terjadi pada saat t jika diketahui informasi kecepatan awal, kecepatan akhir,
serta juga besar percepatan.
3. Rumus kecepatan-jarak
Rumus GLBB ini digunakan untuk dapat menjelaskan hubungan jarak sudah ditempuh, kecepatan
awal, kecepatan akhir, serta juga besar percepatan tanpa harus
mengetahui waktu tempuh.
Keterangan:
vt = kecepatan akhir atau juga kecepatan setelah t sekon (m/s)
vo = kecepatan awal (m/s)
a = percepatan (m/s2)
t = selang waktu (s)
s = jarak tempuh (m)
Keterangan
tnaik = merupakan selang waktu dari titik pelemparan itu hingga mencapai
titik tertinggi (s)
v0 = kecepatan awal (m/s)
g = percepatan gravitasi (m/s2)
hmaks = jarak yang ditempuh sampai titik tertinggi (m)
Pada saat mulai turun, persamaannya itu sama seperti gerak jatuh bebas.
Rumusnya ialah :
Jadi, bisa kita simpulkan bahwa waktu saat naik itu sama dengan waktu pada saat turun hika tidak ada
gaya lain yang tentu memengaruhi benda tersebut.
Keterangan :
h = jarak/perpindahan (m)
v0 = kecepatan awal (m/s)
vt = kecepatan setelah t (m/s)
g = percepatan gravitasi (9,8 m/s2)
t = selang waktu (s)
SOAL Jawab:
Pembahasan
Analisa grafik:
Jenis gerak A → GLB dengan kecepatan
konstan 80 m/s
Jenis gerak B → GLBB dengan percepatan
a = tan α = 80 : 20 = 4 m/s2
Kedua mobil bertemu berarti jarak tempuh
keduanya sama, misal keduanya bertemu saat
waktu t
SA = SB
VA t =Vo t + 1/2 at2
B
Description :
h = distance/displacement (m)
v0 = initial velocity (m/s)
vt = velocity after t (m/s)
g = acceleration of gravity (9.8 m/s2)
t = time interval (s)
ABOUT
1. An object moving with acceleration of 5 m/s2 from a state of silence. Calculate the distance
and speed taken of these objects after 10 seconds in a row!
v0 = 0
a = 5 m/s2
t = 10s
Because objects move with acceleration fixed, then:
vt = v0 + at
vt = 0 + 5 m/s2 × 10s
vt = 50 m/s
The distance of the objects is:
S = v0t + ½at2
S = 0×10s + ½×5 m/s2×(10s)2
S = 0 + ½×5 m/s2×100s2
S = 250m
So, the distance of such objects is 250m with a speed of 50 m/s.
2. A Bus drove with a speed of 40 km/h, then the bus is accelerated with an acceleration of
2m/s2. What is the distance and speed traveled during the 30 seconds after the bus accelerated!
v0 = 40 m/s
a= 2 m/s2
t=30 s.
Speed
v = v0 + at
v = 40 m/s + 2m/s2 ×30s
v = 40 m/s + 60 m/s
v = 100 m/s
The distance
S = v0t + ½ at2
S = 40×30 + ½ ×2×302
S = 1200 + ½ ×2×900
S = 1200 + 900
S = 2100m
So, for 30 seconds after the bus accelerated distance the bus is 2100 meters with a speed of 100
m/s.
3. A truck still and then accelerated for 10 seconds to cover a distance of 60 meters. What is the
acceleration of the truck?
v0 = 0 m/s
S = 50 m
t = 10 s.
The distance
S = v0t + ½ at2
50 = 0×8 + ½ × a × 102
50 = 0 + ½ × a × 100
50a = 50
a=1
So, the acceleration of the truck is 1 m/s2.
6. Railway economy run traveled a distance of 400 km with a speed of 40 km/h. Railway
executive walk 2 hours later and arrive at the same place and time with the train of the economy.
Calculate the speed of a train the executive!
Answer: Because KA executive depart 2 hours after KA the economy, then:
KA executive should be running with the speed of 50 km/h to arrive at the same place and time
with the KA of the economy.
7. Car A and B apart as far as 500 m. The second car is moving the mutual approach at the same
time with a constant speed of respectively 20 m/s and 30 m/s. Specify the time and place of the
second car meet!
Responsible:
SA + SB = 500
vA.tA + vB.tB = 500
20t + 30t = 500
50t = 500
t = 10 seconds
Both the cars will meet after both of them moving for 10 seconds.
SA = vA.tA = 20 . 10 = 200 m
SB = 30 . 10 = 300 m
Both cars will meet at a distance of 200 m from where car A is moving or at a distance of 300 m
from where car B is moving.
8. Given a graph of speed against time of the motion of the two cars, A and B.Determine at a
distance what is the car A and B meet again on the road if both depart from the same place!
Discussion
Chart analysis:
The type of motion A → GLB with a constant speed of 80 m/s
Types of motion B → uniformly accelerated motion with acceleration a = tan α = 80 : 20 = 4
m/s2
The second car meet means the mileage of both are the same, e.g. the two met at time t
SA = SB
VA t =VoB t + 1/2 at2
80t = (0)t + 1/2 (4)t2
2t2 − 80t = 0
t2 − 40t = 0
t(t − 40) = 0
t = 0 seconds or t = 40 seconds
Both cars meet again when t = 40 seconds at a distance of :
SA = VA t = (80)(40) = 3200 meters
9. An object is dropped from the tip of a tower without the initial velocity. After 2 seconds the
objects on the ground (g = 10 m s2). The height of the tower is …
vo = 0 m/s (free fall)
t=2s
g = 10 m s2
S = .....!
S = vo t + 1/2 gt2
S = (0)(2) + 1/2 (10)(2)2
S = 5(4) = 20 meters
10. A car moving with a speed change as shown by the image graph of speed against time here!
The distance the car is from sec 2 to sec 3 is ....
We can determine the mileage of a car with how to determine the area of a chart from seconds to
two up to three. Note the following picture
From the picture above, the distance equal to the shaded area (t=2s to t=3s)
s = ½ (4 + 6) 1 (area of a trapezoid)
s = ½ 10
s=5m
4. Car A is 100 m in front of car B. The second car is moving at the same time with constant
speed respectively 4 m/s and 6 m/s. Specify the time and place car B overtakes car A!
Responsible:
SB - SA = 100
vB.tB - vA.tA = 100
6t - 4t = 100
2t = 100
t = 50 seconds
Car B will overtake car A when they move for 50 seconds.
SA = vA . tA = 4 . 50 = 200 m
SB = 6 . 50 = 300 m
Car B will overtake car A at a distance of 200 m from where car A is moving or at a distance of
300 m from where car B is moving.
5. A car police car chase criminals that are 1 km in front of him. If the speed of the car the
criminals to 100 km/h, determine the minimum speed of the car the police so that the criminals
can be caught on a maximum distance of 5 km!
Responsible:
Minimum speed of the car the police can catch criminals in a maximum distance of 5 km is 125
k
m/h.