Karya teologis
Kehidupan awal
Permulaan Reformasi
Protestan
Ekskomunikasi S…
Sidang Worms
Di Kastel Wartburg
Perkawinan
Meterai Luther
Permulaan
Kekristenan
Reformasi Protestan
Katolik Roma
Tokoh
Martin Luther
Philipp Melanchthon
Frederick yang Bijak
Martin Chemnitz
Johann Sebastian Bach
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg
Lars Levi Læstadius
C.F.W. Walther
Kitab Konkordia
Konfesi Augsburg
Apologi Konfesi Augsburg
Ayat-ayat Smalkald
Traktat tentang Kuasa dan
Keutamaan Paus
Katekismus Besar Luther
Katekismus Kecil Luther
Rumusan Konkordia
95 dalil
Kesatuan sakramental
Hukum dan Injil
Sola scriptura
Sola gratia
Sola fide
Ekaristi
Baptisan Kudus
Kebaktian
Kalender para Kudus Lutheran
Lutheran Service Book
Evangelical Lutheran Worship
Lutheran Service Book
Denominasi
Pengorganisasian gereja
Katekismus-katekismus S…
Penerjemahan Alkitab
Penggubah himne
Berkas:EinFesteBurg.jpg
Satu cetakan awal himne Luther yang berjudul "Ein feste
Burg ist unser Gott".
Ein feste Burg dinyanyikan dalam bahasa
Jerman
Kontroversi sakramentarian
dan Musyawarah Marburg
Patung Martin Luther di luar Gereja St. Maria, Berlin.
Epistemologi
Beberapa akademisi menyatakan kalau Luther
mengajarkan bahwa iman dan akal (daya pikir,
nalar) bersifat antitesis dalam pengertian
bahwa pertanyaan-pertanyaan seputar iman
tidak dapat diklarifikasi oleh akal. Ia menulis,
"Semua pasal dari iman Kristen kita, yang telah
Allah wahyukan kepada kita di dalam Firman-
Nya, adalah benar-benar mustahil, absurd, dan
keliru di hadapan akal."[172] dan "Akal sama
sekali memberikan kontribusi pada iman. [...]
Karena akal adalah musuh terbesar iman; akal
tidak pernah sampai pada bantuan akan hal-hal
rohani."[173] Namun, meski tampaknya
kontradiktif, ia juga menulis dalam karyanya di
kemudian hari bahwa akal manusia "berusaha
untuk tidak melawan iman, ketika dicerahkan,
bahkan lebih menggiatkan dan
memajukannya",[174] sehingga klaim-klaim bahwa
ia seorang fideis menjadi bahan perdebatan.
Bagaimanapun, keilmuan Lutheran kontemporer
menemukan suatu realitas yang berbeda dalam
pandangan Luther. Luther dikatakan cenderung
berupaya untuk memisahkan iman dan akal
untuk menghormati bidang-bidang pengetahuan
terpisah yang menerapkan masing-masingnya.
Kontroversi antinomian
Mimbar Gereja St. Andreas, Eisleben, tempat Agricola dan
Luther berkhotbah.
Perdebatan di kalangan
"Terdapat
akademisi seputar pengaruh
suatu
Luther berpusat pada
perbedaan
besar antara pertanyaan apakah anakronistik
keyakinannya memandang karyanya sebagai
akan pelopor antisemitisme rasial
keselamatan Nazi. Beberapa akademisi
dan suatu melihat bahwa pengaruh Luther
ideologi
terbatas, dan penggunaan
rasial. Namun
karyanya oleh Nazi bersifat
demikian,
agitasinya oportunistik. Johannes
yang Wallmann berpendapat kalau
menyesatkan
tulisan-tulisan Luther yang
mendatangka
menentang kaum Yahudi
n hasil yang
kebanyakan diabaikan pada
jahat
sehingga abad ke-18 dan ke-19, serta
Luther tidak ada kesinambungan
ditakdirkan antara pemikiran Luther
menjadi salah dengan ideologi Nazi.[229] Uwe
seorang dari
Siemon-Netto senada
'bapa-bapa
dengannya, dengan alasan
gereja' anti-
bahwa itu karena Nazi telah
Semitisme
dan menganut pandangan anti-
karenanya Semit sehingga mereka
menyediakan menghidupkan kembali karya
materi bagi Luther.[230][231] Hans J.
kebencian Hillerbrand sepakat bahwa
modern berfokus pada Luther berarti
terhadap mengadopsi suatu perspektif
orang-orang
yang pada dasarnya ahistoris
Yahudi,
seputar antisemitisme Nazi
menyelubungi
dengan mengabaikan faktor-
itu dengan
otoritas sang faktor penyebab lainnya dalam
Reformis." sejarah Jerman.[232] Roland
Bainton, sejarawan gereja dan
Martin
biograf Luther, menulis: "Orang
Brecht[228]
dapat berharap kalau Luther
telah meninggal sebelum [Tentang Kaum Yahudi
dan Kebohongan-Kebohongan Mereka] sempat
ditulis. Posisinya benar-benar bersifat religi
dan sama sekali bukan rasial."[233][234] Namun,
Christopher J. Probst, dalam buku Demonizing
the Jews: Luther and the Protestant Church in
Nazi Germany (2012) karyanya, memperlihatkan
bahwa sejumlah besar teolog dan rohaniwan
Lutheran Jerman selama Reich Ketiga Nazi
menggunakan publikasi-publikasi Luther yang
mengandung permusuhan terhadap kaum Yahudi,
dan agama Yahudi mereka, untuk membenarkan
setidaknya sebagian kebijakan anti-Semit dari
kalangan Sosialis Nasional (Nazi).[235]
Tahun-tahun terakhir,
penyakit dan wafatnya
L th t b i j l ft dil ki l hL
Luther terbaring menjelang wafatnya, dilukis oleh Lucas
Cranach Tua.
Video luar
Wawancara Booknotes dengan Martin Marty
tentang Martin Luther, 11 April 2004 , C-SPAN
Luther memanfaatkan secara efektif
penggunaan mesin cetak Johannes Gutenberg
untuk menyebarkan pandangan-pandangannya.
Ia beralih dari bahasa Latin ke bahasa Jerman
dalam penulisan karyanya untuk menarik
khalayak yang lebih luas. Antara tahun 1500 dan
1530, karya-karya tulis Luther
merepresentasikan seperlima dari semua materi
yagn dicetak di Jerman.[260]
Filmografi
1953: Martin Luther, film teater, dengan
Niall MacGinnis sebagai Luther; disutradarai
Irving Pichel. Mendapat nominasi Academy
Award untuk film hitam-putih dan arahan
seni/setting. Diedarkan kembali pada 2002
dalam DVD dengan 4 bahasa.
1974: Luther, film teater (MPAA peringkat:
PG), dengan Stacy Keach sebagai Luther.
1981: Where Luther Walked, dokumenter
menampilkan Roland Bainton (alm.) sebagai
pemandu dan narator, disutradarai oleh Ray
Christensen (dalam VHS tahun 1992), ISBN
1-56364-012-0
1983: Martin Luther: Heretic, program TV
dengan Jonathan Pryce sebagai Luther,
disutradarai oleh Norman Stone.
1983: Martin Luther: An Eye on Augsburg,
film yang didanai oleh Distrik Illinois Utara
dari LCMS dengan Pdt. Robert Clausen
sebagai Luther.
2001: Opening the Door to Luther, travelog
dengan tuan rumah Rick Steves. Disponsori
oleh ELCA.
2002: Martin Luther, film sejarah dari Lion
TV/PBS seri Empires, dengan Timothy West
sebagai Luther, narasi oleh Liam Neeson dan
sutradara oleh Cassian Harrison.
2003: Luther, (peringkat MPAA: PG-13),
dengan Joseph Fiennes sebagai Luther dan
disutradarai oleh Eric Till. Didanai sebagian
oleh kelompok Lutheran Amerika dan Jerman.
Lihat pula
Lutherhaus Eisenach
Propaganda selama Reformasi Protestan
Rumah Kelahiran Martin Luther
Teologi Marian Luther
Theologia Germanica
Referensi
1. ^ Namun, Luther sendiri meyakini bahwa ia
dilahirkan pada tahun 1484. (Inggris)
Hendrix, Scott H. (2015). Martin Luther:
Visionary Reformer . Yale University
Press. hlm. 17. Diakses tanggal
12 November 2017.
2. ^ (Inggris) Luther consistently referred
to himself as a former monk. For
example: "Thus formerly, when I was a
monk, I used to hope that I would be able
to pacify my conscience with the fastings,
the praying, and the vigils with which I
used to afflict my body in a way to excite
pity. But the more I sweat, the less quiet
and peace I felt; for the true light had
been removed from my eyes." Martin
Luther, Lectures on Genesis: Chapters 45-
50, ed. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Hilton C.
Oswald, and Helmut T. Lehmann, vol. 8
Luther’s Works. (Saint Louis: Concordia
Publishing House, 1999), 5:326.
3. ^ (Inggris) Ewald M. Plass, What Luther
Says, 3 vols., (St. Louis: CPH, 1959), 88,
no. 269; M. Reu, Luther and the
Scriptures, (Columbus, Ohio: Wartburg
Press, 1944), 23.
4. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Martin. Concerning the
Ministry (1523), tr. Conrad Bergendoff, in
Bergendoff, Conrad (ed.) Luther's Works.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1958, 40:18
ff.
5. ^ (Inggris) Fahlbusch, Erwin and Bromiley,
Geoffrey William. The Encyclopedia of
Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Leiden,
Netherlands: Wm. B. Eerdmans; Brill,
1999–2003, 1:244.
6. ^ (Inggris) Tyndale's New Testament,
trans. from the Greek by William Tyndale
in 1534 in a modern-spelling edition and
with an introduction by David Daniell. New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989,
ix–x.
7. ^ (Inggris) Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand:
a Life of Martin Luther. New York:
Penguin, 1995, 269.
8. ^ (Inggris) Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand:
a Life of Martin Luther. New York:
Penguin, 1995, p. 223.
9. ^ (Inggris) Hendrix, Scott H. "The
Controversial Luther" , Word & World 3/4
(1983), Luther Seminary, St. Paul, MN, p.
393: "And, finally, after the Holocaust
and the use of his anti-Jewish statements
by National Socialists, Luther's anti-
semitic outbursts are now unmentionable,
though they were already repulsive in the
sixteenth century. As a result, Luther has
become as controversial in the twentieth
century as he was in the sixteenth." Also
see Hillerbrand, Hans. "The legacy of
Martin Luther" , in Hillerbrand, Hans &
McKim, Donald K. (eds.) The Cambridge
Companion to Luther. Cambridge
University Press, 2003.
10. ^ a b c (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin
Luther. Viking Penguin, 2004, p. 1.
11. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther.
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 1:3–5.
12. ^ (Inggris) Martin Luther
13. ^ (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin Luther.
Viking Penguin, 2004, p. 3.
14. ^ (Inggris) Rupp, Ernst Gordon. "Martin
Luther," Encyclopædia Britannica,
accessed 2006.
15. ^ (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin Luther.
Viking Penguin, 2004, pp. 2–3.
16. ^ a b (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin
Luther. Viking Penguin, 2004, p. 4.
17. ^ a b c d (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin
Luther. Viking Penguin, 2004, p. 5.
18. ^ a b c d (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin
Luther. Viking Penguin, 2004, p. 6.
19. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther.
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 1:48.
20. ^ (Inggris) "Google Books Archive of
Martin Luther: His road to Reformation,
1483–1521 (By Martin Brecht)" . Martin
Luther: His road to Reformation, 1483–
1521 (By Martin Brecht). Diakses tanggal
14 May 2015.
21. ^ (Inggris) Schwiebert, E.G. Luther and His
Times. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing
House, 1950, 136.
22. ^ (Inggris) Marty, Martin. Martin Luther.
Viking Penguin, 2004, p. 7.
23. ^ (Inggris) Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand:
a Life of Martin Luther. New York:
Penguin, 1995, 40–42.
24. ^ (Inggris) Kittelson, James. Luther The
Reformer. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress
Publishing House, 1986, 79.
25. ^ (Inggris) Froom, Le Roy Edwin (1948).
The Prophetic Faith of our Fathers. 2.
Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald
Publishing Association. hlm. 249.
26. ^ Froom 1948, hlm. 249.
27. ^ (Inggris) Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand:
a Life of Martin Luther. New York:
Penguin, 1995, 44–45.
28. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther.
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 1:93.
29. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther.
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 1:112–127.
30. ^ (Inggris) Hendrix, Scott H. (2015).
Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer. New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press. hlm. 44.
ISBN 978-0-300-16669-9.
31. ^ (Inggris) Hendrix, Scott H. (2015).
Martin Luther: Visionary Reformer. New
Haven, CT: Yale University Press. hlm. 45.
ISBN 978-0-300-16669-9.
32. ^ (Inggris) "Johann Tetzel," Encyclopædia
Britannica, 2007: "
33. ^ a b (Inggris) Hillerbrand, Hans J. "Martin
Luther: Indulgences and salvation,"
Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007.
34. ^ (Inggris)(Latin) Thesis 55 of Tetzel's
One Hundred and Six Theses. These
"Anti-theses" were a reply to Luther's
Ninety-five Theses and were drawn up by
Tetzel's friend and former Professor,
Konrad Wimpina. Theses 55 & 56
(responding to Luther's 27th Theses)
read: "For a soul to fly out, is for it to
obtain the vision of God, which can be
hindered by no interruption, therefore he
errs who says that the soul cannot fly out
before the coin can jingle in the bottom
of the chest." In, The reformation in
Germany, Henry Clay Vedder, 1914,
Macmillon Company, p. 405. [1] Animam
purgatam evolare, est eam visione dei
potiri, quod nulla potest intercapedine
impediri. Quisquis ergo dicit, non citius
posse animam volare, quam in fundo
cistae denarius possit tinnire, errat. In: D.
Martini Lutheri, Opera Latina: Varii
Argumenti, 1865, Henricus Schmidt, ed.,
Heyder and Zimmer, Frankfurt am Main &
Erlangen, vol. 1, p. 300. (Print on demand
edition: Nabu Press, 2010, ISBN 1-142-
40551-6 ISBN 978-1-142-40551-9). [2]
See also: Herbermann, Charles, ed.
(1913). "Johann Tetzel". Catholic
Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton
Company.
35. ^ (Inggris) Ludwig von Pastor, The History
of the Popes, from the Close of the
Middle Ages, Ralph Francis Kerr, ed.,
1908, B. Herder, St. Louis, Volume 7,
pp. 348–349. [3]
36. ^ (Jerman) Krämer, Walter and Trenkler,
Götz. "Luther" in Lexicon van Hardnekkige
Misverstanden. Uitgeverij Bert Bakker,
1997, 214:216.
37. ^ (Jerman) Ritter, Gerhard. Luther,
Frankfurt 1985.
38. ^ (Jerman) Gerhard Prause "Luthers
Thesanschlag ist eine Legende,"in
Niemand hat Kolumbus ausgelacht.
Düsseldorf, 1986.
39. ^ (Inggris) Bekker, Henrik (2010). Dresden
Leipzig & Saxony Adventure Guide .
Hunter Publishing, Inc. hlm. 125.
ISBN 9781588439505. Diakses tanggal
7 February 2012.
40. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther.
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 1:204–205.
41. ^ (Inggris) Spitz, Lewis W. The
Renaissance and Reformation Movements,
St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House,
1987, 338.
42. ^ (Inggris) Wriedt, Markus. "Luther's
Theology," in The Cambridge Companion
to Luther. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2003, 88–94.
43. ^ (Inggris) Bouman, Herbert J. A. "The
Doctrine of Justification in the Lutheran
Confessions" , Concordia Theological
Monthly, 26 November 1955, No. 11:801.
44. ^ (Inggris) Dorman, Ted M., "Justification
as Healing: The Little-Known Luther" ,
Quodlibet Journal: Volume 2 Number 3,
Summer 2000. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
45. ^ (Inggris) "Luther's Definition of Faith" .
46. ^ (Inggris) "Justification by Faith: The
Lutheran-Catholic Convergence" .
47. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Martin. "The Smalcald
Articles," in Concordia: The Lutheran
Confessions. Saint Louis: Concordia
Publishing House, 2005, 289, Part two,
Article 1.
48. ^ Froom 1948, hlm. 243.
49. ^ (Inggris) Michael A. Mullett, Martin
Luther, London: Routledge, 2004, ISBN
978-0-415-26168-5, 78; Oberman, Heiko,
Luther: Man Between God and the Devil,
New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006,
ISBN 0-300-10313-1, 192–93.
50. ^ Mullett, 68–69; Oberman, 189.
51. ^ (Inggris) Richard Marius, Luther, London:
Quartet, 1975, ISBN 0-7043-3192-6, 85.
52. ^ (Inggris) Papal Bull Exsurge Domine, 15
June 1520.
53. ^ Mullett, 81–82.
54. ^ (Inggris) "Luther meets with Cajetan at
Augsburg" . Reformation 500 – Concordia
Seminary, St. Louis. Diakses tanggal
28 March 2016.
55. ^ (Inggris) "The Acts and Monuments of
the Church – Martin Luther" .
exclassics.com. Diakses tanggal 28 March
2016.
56. ^ Mullett, 82.
57. ^ Mullett, 83.
58. ^ Oberman, 197.
59. ^ (Inggris) Mullett, 92–95; Roland H.
Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin
Luther, New York: Mentor, 1955, OCLC
220064892 , 81.
60. ^ (Inggris) Marius, 87–89; Bainton,
Mentor edition, 82.
61. ^ (Inggris) Marius, 93; Bainton, Mentor
edition, 90.
62. ^ (Inggris) G. R. Elton, Reformation
Europe: 1517–1559, London: Collins, 1963,
OCLC 222872115 , 177.
63. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. (tr. Wolfgang
Katenz) "Luther, Martin," in Hillerbrand,
Hans J. (ed.) Oxford Encyclopedia of the
Reformation. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1996, 2:463.
64. ^ (Inggris) Becking, Bob; Cannegieter,
Alex; van er Poll, Wilfred (2016). From
Babylon to Eternity: The Exile
Remembered and Constructed in Text
and Tradition. Routledge. hlm. 91.
ISBN 978-1-134-903863.
65. ^ Brecht, 1:460.
66. ^ a b Mullett (1986), p.25
67. ^ (Inggris) Martin Luther. "Life of Luther
(Luther by Martin Luther)" .
68. ^ Wilson, 153, 170; Marius, 155.
69. ^ (Inggris) Bratcher, Dennis. "The Diet of
Worms (1521) ," in The Voice: Biblical and
Theological Resources for Growing
Christians. Retrieved 13 July 2007.
70. ^ (Inggris) Reformation Europe: 1517–
1559, London: Fontana, 1963, 53;
Diarmaid MacCulloch, Reformation:
Europe's House Divided, 1490–1700,
London: Allen Lane, 2003, 132.
71. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Martin. "Letter 82," in
Luther's Works. Jaroslav Jan Pelikan,
Hilton C. Oswald and Helmut T. Lehmann
(eds), Vol. 48: Letters I, Philadelphia:
Fortress Press, 1999, c1963, 48:246;
Mullett, 133. John, author of Revelation,
had been exiled on the island of Patmos.
72. ^ Brecht, 2:12–14.
73. ^ Mullett, 132, 134; Wilson, 182.
74. ^ Brecht, 2:7–9; Marius, 161–62; Marty,
77–79.
75. ^ (Inggris) Martin Luther, "Let Your Sins
Be Strong," a Letter From Luther to
Melanchthon , August 1521, Project
Wittenberg, retrieved 1 October 2006.
76. ^ Brecht, 2:27–29; Mullett, 133.
77. ^ Brecht, 2:18–21.
78. ^ Marius, 163–64.
79. ^ Froom 1948, hlm. 261.
80. ^ (Inggris) Zdravko Stefanovic (2007).
Daniel: Wisdom to the Wise : Commentary
on the Book of Daniel . Pacific Press
Publishing. hlm. 243. ISBN 0816322120.
81. ^ Mullett, 135–36.
82. ^ Wilson, 192–202; Brecht, 2:34–38.
83. ^ Bainton, Mentor edition, 164–65.
84. ^ (Inggris) Letter of 7 March 1522.
Schaff, Philip, History of the Christian
Church, Vol VII, Ch IV ; Brecht, 2:57.
85. ^ Brecht, 2:60; Bainton, Mentor edition,
165; Marius, 168–69.
86. ^ a b (Inggris) Schaff, Philip, History of
the Christian Church, Vol VII, Ch IV .
87. ^ Marius, 169.
88. ^ Mullett, 141–43.
89. ^ (Inggris) Michael Hughes, Early Modern
Germany: 1477–1806, London: Macmillan,
1992, ISBN 0-333-53774-2, 45.
90. ^ (Inggris) A. G. Dickens, The German
Nation and Martin Luther, London: Edward
Arnold, 1974, ISBN 0-7131-5700-3, 132–
33. Dickens cites as an example of
Luther's "liberal" phraseology: "Therefore
I declare that neither pope nor bishop nor
any other person has the right to impose
a syllable of law upon a Christian man
without his own consent".
91. ^ Hughes, 45–47.
92. ^ Hughes, 50.
93. ^ (Inggris) George Klosko (2012). History
of Political Theory: An Introduction . I.
Oxford University Press. hlm. 344.
ISBN 0199695423.
94. ^ (Inggris) Jaroslav J. Pelikan, Hilton C.
Oswald, Luther's Works, 55 vols. (St. Louis
and Philadelphia: Concordia Pub. House
and Fortress Press, 1955–1986), 46: 50–
51.
95. ^ Mullett, 166.
96. ^ Hughes, 51.
97. ^ (Inggris) Andrew Pettegree, Europe in
the Sixteenth Century, Oxford: Blackwell,
ISBN 0-631-20704-X, 102–103.
98. ^ (Inggris) Erlangen Edition of Luther’s
Works, Vol. 59, p. 284
99. ^ Wilson, 232.
100. ^ (Inggris) Schaff, Philip, History of the
Christian Church, Vol VII, Ch V , rpt.
Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
Retrieved 17 May 2009; Bainton, Mentor
edition, 226.
101. ^ a b c (Inggris) Scheible, Heinz (1997).
Melanchthon. Eine Biographie (dalam
bahasa German). Munich: C.H.Beck.
hlm. 147. ISBN 3-406-42223-3.
102. ^ (Inggris) Lohse, Bernhard, Martin Luther:
An Introduction to his Life and Work,,
translated by Robert C. Schultz,
Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1987, ISBN 0-
567-09357-3, 32; Brecht, 2:196–97.
103. ^ Brecht, 2:199; Wilson, 234; Lohse, 32.
104. ^ (Inggris) Schaff, Philip. "Luther's
Marriage. 1525." , History of the Christian
Church, Volume VII, Modern Christianity,
The German Reformation. § 77, rpt.
Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
Retrieved 17 May 2009; Mullett, 180–81.
105. ^ Marty, 109; Bainton, Mentor edition,
226.
106. ^ Brecht, 2: 202; Mullett, 182.
107. ^ Oberman, 278–80; Wilson, 237; Marty,
110.
108. ^ (Inggris) Bainton, Mentor edition, 228;
Schaff, "Luther's Marriage. 1525." ;
Brecht, 2: 204.
109. ^ MacCulloch, 164.
110. ^ Bainton, Mentor edition, 243.
111. ^ (Inggris) Steven Schroeder (2000).
Between Freedom and Necessity: An Essay
on the Place of Value . Rodopi. hlm. 104.
ISBN 978-90-420-1302-5.
112. ^ Brecht, 2:260–63, 67; Mullett, 184–86.
113. ^ Brecht, 2:267; Bainton, Mentor edition,
244.
114. ^ Brecht, 2:267; MacCulloch, 165. On one
occasion, Luther referred to the elector
as an "emergency bishop" (Notbischof).
115. ^ Mullett, 186–87; Brecht, 2:264–65,
267.
116. ^ Brecht, 2:264–65.
117. ^ Brecht, 2:268.
118. ^ Brecht, 2:251–54; Bainton, Mentor
edition, 266.
119. ^ Brecht, 2:255.
120. ^ (Inggris) Mullett, 183; Eric W. Gritsch, A
History of Lutheranism, Minneapolis:
Fortress Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8006-3472-
1, 37.
121. ^ Brecht, 2:256; Mullett, 183.
122. ^ Brecht, 2:256; Bainton, Mentor edition,
265–66.
123. ^ Brecht, 2:256; Bainton, Mentor edition,
269–70.
124. ^ Brecht, 2:256–57.
125. ^ Brecht, 2:258.
126. ^ Brecht, 2:263.
127. ^ Mullett, 186. Quoted from Luther's
preface to the Small Catechism, 1529;
MacCulloch, 165.
128. ^ Marty, 123.
129. ^ Brecht, 2:273; Bainton, Mentor edition,
263.
130. ^ Marty, 123; Wilson, 278.
131. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Martin. Luther's Works.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1971, 50:172–
73; Bainton, Mentor edition, 263.
132. ^ Brecht, 2:277, 280.
133. ^ (Inggris) Selected Works of Martin
Luther 1483 - 1546
134. ^ a b (Inggris) Charles P. Arand, "Luther
on the Creed." Lutheran Quarterly 2006
20(1): 1–25. ISSN 0024-7499 ; James Arne
Nestingen, "Luther's Catechisms" The
Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation.
Ed. Hans J. Hillerbrand. (1996)
135. ^ Mullett, 145; Lohse, 119.
136. ^ Mullett, 148–50.
137. ^ Mullett, 148; Wilson, 185; Bainton,
Mentor edition, 261. Luther inserted the
word "alone" (allein) after the word
"faith" in his translation of St Paul's
Epistle to the Romans, 3:28. The clause
is rendered in the English Authorised
Version as "Therefore we conclude that a
man is justified by faith without the
deeds of the law".
138. ^ (Inggris) Lindberg, Carter. "The
European Reformations: Sourcebook".
Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2000. pg. 49.
Original sourcebook excerpt taken from
"Luther's Works". St. Louis:
Concordia/Philadelphia: Fortress Press,
1955–86. ed. Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut
T. Lehmann, vol. 35. pgs. 182, 187–189,
195.
139. ^ Wilson, 183; Brecht, 2:48–49.
140. ^ Mullett, 149; Wilson, 302.
141. ^ Marius, 162.
142. ^ Lohse, 112–17; Wilson, 183; Bainton,
Mentor edition, 258.
143. ^ (Inggris) Daniel Weissbort and Astradur
Eysteinsson (eds.), Translation—Theory
and Practice: A Historical Reader, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-19-
871200-6, 68.
144. ^ (Inggris) For a short collection see
online hymns
145. ^ a b c (Inggris) Christopher Boyd Brown,
Singing the Gospel: Lutheran Hymns and
the Success of the Reformation. (2005)
146. ^ (Jerman) "Waldzither – Bibliography of
the 19th century" . Studia
Instrumentorum. Diakses tanggal
23 March 2014. “Es ist eine unbedingte
Notwendigkeit, dass der Deutsche zu
seinen Liedern auch ein echt deutsches
Begleitinstrument besitzt. Wie der
Spanier seine Gitarre (fälschlich Laute
genannt), der Italiener seine Mandoline,
der Engländer das Banjo, der Russe die
Balalaika usw. sein Nationalinstrument
nennt, so sollte der Deutsche seine Laute,
die Waldzither, welche schon von Dr.
Martin Luther auf der Wartburg im
Thüringer Walde (daher der Name
Waldzither) gepflegt wurde, zu seinem
Nationalinstrument machen. – Liederheft
von C. H. Böhm (Hamburg, March 1919)”
147. ^ (Inggris) "Flung to the heedless winds" .
Hymntime. Diarsipkan dari versi asli
tanggal 14 October 2013. Diakses tanggal
7 October 2012.
148. ^ (Inggris) Robin A. Leaver, "Luther's
Catechism Hymns." Lutheran Quarterly
1998 12(1): 79–88, 89–98.
149. ^ (Inggris) Robin A. Leaver, "Luther's
Catechism Hymns: 5. Baptism." Lutheran
Quarterly 1998 12(2): 160–169, 170–180.
150. ^ (Jerman) Christoph Markschies, Michael
Trowitzsch: Luther zwischen den Zeiten –
Eine Jenaer Ringvorlesung; Mohr Siebeck,
1999; p. 215–219.
151. ^ Psychopannychia (the night banquet of
the soul), manuscript Orléans 1534, Latin
Strasbourg 1542, 2nd.ed. 1545, French,
Geneva 1558, English 1581.
152. ^ Liber de Anima 1562
153. ^ (Jerman)(Inggris) D. Franz Pieper
Christliche Dogmatik, 3 vols., (Saint Louis:
CPH, 1920), 3:575: "Hieraus geht sicher so
viel hervor, daß die abgeschiedenen
Seelen der Gläubigen in einem Zustande
des seligen Genießens Gottes sich
befinden .... Ein Seelenschlaf, der ein
Genießen Gottes einschließt (so Luther),
ist nicht als irrige Lehre zu bezeichnen";
English translation: Francis Pieper,
Christian Dogmatics, 3 vols., (Saint Louis:
CPH, 1953), 3:512: "These texts surely
make it evident that the departed souls
of the believers are in a state of blessed
enjoyment of God .... A sleep of the soul
which includes enjoyment of God (says
Luther) cannot be called a false doctrine."
154. ^ (Inggris) Sermons of Martin Luther: the
House Postils, Eugene F. A. Klug, ed. and
trans., 3 vols., (Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Baker Book House, 1996), 2:240.
155. ^ (Inggris)(Latin) Weimarer Ausgabe 43,
360, 21–23 (to Genesis 25,7–10): also
Exegetica opera latina Vol 5–6 1833 p.
120 and the English translation: Luther's
Works, American Edition, 55 vols. (St.
Louis: CPH), 4:313; "Sufficit igitur nobis
haec cognitio, non egredi animas ex
corporibus in periculum cruciatum et
paenarum inferni, sed esse eis paratum
cubiculum, in quo dormiant in pace."
156. ^ (Inggris) "Smalcald Articles, Part II,
Article II, paragraph 12" .
Bookofconcord.org. Diakses tanggal
15 August 2012.
157. ^ (Inggris) "Smalcald Articles, Part II,
Article II, paragraph 28" .
Bookofconcord.org. Diakses tanggal
15 August 2012.
158. ^ (Inggris) Gerhard Loci Theologici, Locus
de Morte, § 293 ff. Pieper writes:
"Luther speaks more guardedly of the
state of the soul between death and
resurrection than do Gerhard and the
later theologians, who transfer some
things to the state between death and
resurrection which can be said with
certainty only of the state after the
resurrection" (Christian Dogmatics, 3:512,
footnote 21).
159. ^ (Jerman) Article in the Berlinischer
Zeitung 1755 in Complete Works ed. Karl
Friedrich Theodor Lachmann – 1838 p.
59 "Was die Gegner auf alle diese
Stellen antworten werden, ist leicht zu
errathen. Sie werden sagen, daß Luther
mit dem Worte Schlaf gar die Begriffe
nicht verbinde, welche Herr R. damit
verbindet. Wenn Luther sage, daß die
Seele IS nach dem Tode schlafe, so denke
er nichts mehr dabey, als was alle Leute
denken, wenn sie den Tod des Schlafes
Bruder nennen. Tode ruhe, leugneten auch
die nicht, welche ihr Wachen
behaupteten:c. Ueberhaupt ist mit Luthers
Ansehen bey der ganzen Streitigkeit
nichts zu gewinnen."
160. ^ (Latin) Exegetica opera Latina, Volumes
5–6 Martin Luther, ed. Christopf Stephan
Elsperger (Gottlieb) p. 120 "Differunt
tamen somnus sive quies hujus vitae et
futurae. Homon enim in hac vita
defatigatus diurno labore, sub noctem
intrat in cubiculum suum tanquam in pace,
ut ibi dormiat, et ea nocte fruitur quiete,
neque quicquam scit de ullo malo sive
incendii, sive caedis. Anima autem non sic
dormit, sed vigilat, et patitur visiones
loquelas Angelorum et Dei. Ideo somnus in
futura vita profundior est quam in hac
vita et tamen anima coram Deo vivit. Hac
similitudine, quam habeo a somno
viventia." (Commentary on Genesis –
Enarrationes in Genesin, 1535–1545)"
161. ^ (Inggris) Blackburne A short historical
view of the controversy concerning an
intermediate state (1765) p121
162. ^ (Jerman) Gottfried Fritschel. Zeitschrift
für die gesammte lutherische Theologie
und Kirche p. 657 "Denn dass Luther mit
den Worten "anima non sic dormit, sed
vigilat et patitur visiones, loquelas
Angelorum et Dei" nicht dasjenige
leugnen will, was er an allen andern
Stellen seiner Schriften vortragt"
163. ^ (Inggris) Henry Eyster Jacobs Martin
Luther the Hero of the Reformation 1483
to 1546 (1898). Emphasis added.
164. ^ Mullett, 194–95.
165. ^ Brecht, 2:325–34; Mullett, 197.
166. ^ Wilson, 259.
167. ^ Weimar Ausgabe 26, 442; Luther's
Works 37, 299–300.
168. ^ a b Oberman, 237.
169. ^ Marty, 140–41; Lohse, 74–75.
170. ^ Brecht 2:329.
171. ^ Oberman, 238.
172. ^ Martin Luther, Werke, VIII
173. ^ Martin Luther, Table Talk.
174. ^ Martin Luther, "On Justification
CCXCIV", Table Talk
175. ^ Mallett, 198; Marius, 220. The siege was
lifted on 14 October 1529, which Luther
saw as a divine miracle.
176. ^ (Inggris) Andrew Cunningham, The Four
Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Religion,
War, Famine and Death in Reformation
Europe , Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, 2000, ISBN 0-521-46701-2, 141;
Mullett, 239–40; Marty, 164.
177. ^ (Inggris) From On War against the Turk,
1529, quoted in William P. Brown, The
Ten Commandments: The Reciprocity of
Faithfulness , Louisville, KY: Westminster
John Knox Press, 2004, ISBN 0-664-
22323-0, 258; Lohse, 61; Marty, 166.
178. ^ Marty, 166; Marius, 219; Brecht, 2:365,
368.
179. ^ Mullett, 238–39; Lohse, 59–61.
180. ^ Brecht, 2:364.
181. ^ Wilson, 257; Brecht, 2:364–65.
182. ^ Brecht, 2:365; Mullett, 239.
183. ^ (Inggris) Daniel Goffman, The Ottoman
Empire and Early Modern Europe ,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2002, ISBN 0-521-45908-7, 109; Mullett,
241; Marty, 164.
184. ^ (Inggris) Adam S. Francisco (2007).
Martin Luther and Islam: A Study in
Sixteenth-Century Polemics and
Apologetics . BRILL. hlm. 148.
ISBN 9789004160439.
185. ^ (Inggris) From On war against the Turk,
1529, quoted in Roland E. Miller, Muslims
and the Gospel , Minneapolis: Kirk House
Publishers, 2006, ISBN 1-932688-07-2,
208.
186. ^ (Inggris) Douglas H. Shantz, ed. (2008).
Between Sardis and Philadelphia: The
Life and World of Pietist Court Preacher
Conrad Bröske . BRILL. hlm. 102.
ISBN 9789004169685.
187. ^ Brecht, 3:355.
188. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal: Martin Luther's Complete
Antinomian Theses and Disputations, ed.
and tr. H. Sonntag, Minneapolis: Lutheran
Press, 2008, 23–27. ISBN 978-0-
9748529-6-6
189. ^ Cf. ibid., 11–15.
190. ^ (Inggris) Luther's Works 47:107–119.
There he writes: "Dear God, should it be
unbearable that the holy church confesses
itself a sinner, believes in the
forgiveness of sins, and asks for
remission of sin in the Lord's Prayer?
How can one know what sin is without the
law and conscience? And how will we learn
what Christ is, what he did for us, if we
do not know what the law is that he
fulfilled for us and what sin is, for which
he made satisfaction?" (112–113).
191. ^ (Inggris) Luther's Works 41, 113–114,
143–144, 146–147. There he said about
the antinomians: "They may be fine
Easter preachers, but they are very poor
Pentecost preachers, for they do not
preach de sanctificatione et vivificatione
Spiritus Sancti, "about the sanctification
by the Holy Spirit," but solely about the
redemption of Jesus Christ" (114). "Having
rejected and being unable to understand
the Ten Commandments, ... they see and
yet they let the people go on in their
public sins, without any renewal or
reformation of their lives" (147).
192. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 33–36.
193. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 170–172
194. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 76, 105–107.
195. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 140, 157.
196. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 75, 104–105, 172–173.
197. ^ The "first use of the law," accordingly,
would be the law used as an external
means of order and coercion in the
political realm by means of bodily
rewards and punishments.
198. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 110.
199. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Only the Decalogue Is
Eternal, 35: "The law, therefore, cannot
be eliminated, but remains, prior to
Christ as not fulfilled, after Christ as to
be fulfilled, although this does not
happen perfectly in this life even by the
justified. ... This will happen perfectly
first in the coming life." Cf. Luther, Only
the Decalogue Is Eternal,, 43–44, 91–93.
200. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin, Martin Luther,
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 3: 206.
201. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin, Martin Luther,
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 3:212.
202. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin, Martin Luther,
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 3:214.
203. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin, Martin Luther,
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 3:205–15.
204. ^ (Inggris) Oberman, Heiko, Luther: Man
Between God and the Devil, New Haven:
Yale University Press, 2006, 294.
205. ^ (Inggris) Michael, Robert. Holy Hatred:
Christianity, Antisemitism, and the
Holocaust. New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
2006, 109; Mullett, 242.
206. ^ (Inggris) Edwards, Mark. Luther's Last
Battles. Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1983, 121.
207. ^ Brecht, 3:341–43; Mullett, 241; Marty,
172.
208. ^ Brecht, 3:334; Marty, 169; Marius, 235.
209. ^ (Inggris) Noble, Graham. "Martin Luther
and German anti-Semitism," History
Review (2002) No. 42:1–2; Mullett, 246.
210. ^ Brecht, 3:341–47.
211. ^ (Inggris) Luther, On the Jews and their
Lies, quoted in Michael, 112.
212. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Vom Schem Hamphoras,
quoted in Michael, 113.
213. ^ a b (Inggris) Gritsch, Eric W. (2012).
Martin Luther's Anti-Semitism: Against
His Better Judgment. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing
Company. ISBN 978-0-8028-6676-9. pp.
86–87.
214. ^ Luther, On the Jews and Their Lies,
Luthers Werke. 47:268–271.
215. ^ (Inggris) Luther, On the Jews and Their
Lies, quoted in Robert Michael, "Luther,
Luther Scholars, and the Jews," Encounter
46 (Autumn 1985) No. 4:343–344.
216. ^ a b Michael, 117.
217. ^ Quoted by Michael, 110.
218. ^ Michael, 117–18.
219. ^ Gritsch, 113–14; Michael, 117.
220. ^ (Inggris) "The assertion that Luther's
expressions of anti-Jewish sentiment
have been of major and persistent
influence in the centuries after the
Reformation, and that there exists a
continuity between Protestant anti-
Judaism and modern racially oriented
anti-Semitism, is at present wide-spread
in the literature; since the Second World
War it has understandably become the
prevailing opinion." Johannes Wallmann,
"The Reception of Luther's Writings on
the Jews from the Reformation to the
End of the 19th century", Lutheran
Quarterly, n.s. 1 (Spring 1987) 1:72–97.
221. ^ (Inggris) Berger, Ronald. Fathoming the
Holocaust: A Social Problems Approach
(New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 2002), 28;
Johnson, Paul. A History of the Jews (New
York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1987),
242; Shirer, William. The Rise and Fall of
the Third Reich, (New York: Simon and
Schuster, 1960).
222. ^ (Inggris) Grunberger, Richard. The 12-
Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi
German 1933–1945 (NP:Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, 1971), 465.
223. ^ Himmler wrote: "what Luther said and
wrote about the Jews. No judgment could
be sharper."
224. ^ (Inggris) Ellis, Marc H. Hitler and the
Holocaust, Christian Anti-Semitism"
Diarsipkan 10 July 2007 di Wayback
Machine., (NP: Baylor University Center
for American and Jewish Studies, Spring
2004), Slide 14. "Archived copy" .
Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 22
April 2006. Diakses tanggal 2006-04-22..
225. ^ (Inggris) Noble, Graham. "Martin Luther
and German anti-Semitism," History
Review (2002) No. 42:1–2.
226. ^ (Inggris) Diarmaid MacCulloch,
Reformation:Europe's House Divided,
1490–1700. New York:Penguin Books Ltd,
2004, pp. 666–667.
227. ^ (Jerman)(Inggris) Bernd Nellessen, "Die
schweigende Kirche: Katholiken und
Judenverfolgung," in Buttner (ed), Die
Deutchschen und die Jugendverfolg im
Dritten Reich, p.265, cited in Daniel
Goldhagen, Hitler's Willing Executioners
(Vintage, 1997)
228. ^ Brecht 3:351.
229. ^ Wallmann, 72–97.
230. ^ (Inggris) Siemon-Netto, The Fabricated
Luther, 17–20.
231. ^ (Inggris) Siemon-Netto, "Luther and the
Jews," Lutheran Witness 123 (2004) No.
4:19, 21.
232. ^ (Inggris) Hillerbrand, Hans J. "Martin
Luther," Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007.
Hillerbrand writes: "His strident
pronouncements against the Jews,
especially toward the end of his life, have
raised the question of whether Luther
significantly encouraged the development
of German anti-Semitism. Although many
scholars have taken this view, this
perspective puts far too much emphasis
on Luther and not enough on the larger
peculiarities of German history."
233. ^ (Inggris) Bainton, Roland: Here I Stand,
(Nashville: Abingdon Press, New American
Library, 1983), p. 297
234. ^ (Inggris) For similar views, see:
Briese, Russell. "Martin Luther and
the Jews," Lutheran Forum (Summer
2000):32;
Brecht, Martin Luther, 3:351;
Edwards, Mark U. Jr. Luther's Last
Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531–
46. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University
Press, 1983, 139;
Gritsch, Eric. "Was Luther Anti-
Semitic?", Christian History, No.
3:39, 12.;
Kittelson, James M., Luther the
Reformer, 274;
Oberman, Heiko. The Roots of Anti-
Semitism: In the Age of Renaissance
and Reformation. Philadelphia:
Fortress, 1984, 102;
Rupp, Gordon. Martin Luther, 75;
Siemon-Netto, Uwe. Lutheran
Witness, 19.
235. ^ (Inggris) Christopher J. Probst,
Demonizing the Jews: Luther and the
Protestant Church in Nazi Germany ,
Indiana University Press in association
with the United States Holocaust
Memorial Museum, 2012, ISBN 978-0-253-
00100-9
236. ^ (Inggris) Dr. Christopher Probst. "Martin
Luther and "The Jews" A Reappraisal" .
The Theologian. Diakses tanggal 20 March
2014.
237. ^ (Inggris) Synod deplores and
disassociates itself from Luther's
negative statements about the Jewish
people and the use of these statements
to incite anti-Lutheran sentiment, from a
summary of Official Missouri Synod
Doctrinal Statements Diarsipkan 25
February 2009 di Wayback Machine.
238. ^ (Inggris) Lull, Timothy Martin Luther's
Basic Theological Writings, Second
Edition (2005), p. 25
239. ^ (Inggris) Merton P. Strommen et al., A
Study of Generations (Minneapolis:
Augsburg Publishing, 1972), p. 206. P. 208
also states "The clergy [ALC, LCA, or
LCMS] are less likely to indicate anti-
Semitic or racially prejudiced attitudes
[compared to the laity]."
240. ^ (Inggris) Richard (Dick) Geary, Who
voted for the Nazis? (electoral history of
the National Socialist German Workers'
Party), in History Today, 1 October 1998,
Vol.48, Issue 10, pp.8–14
241. ^ (Inggris) "Special Interests at the
Ballot Box? Religion and the Electoral
Success of the Nazis" (PDF).
242. ^ (Inggris) Iversen OH (1996). "[Martin
Luther's somatic diseases. A short life-
history 450 years after his death]".
Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen. (dalam bahasa
Norwegian). 116 (30): 3643–46.
PMID 9019884 .
243. ^ Edwards, 9.
244. ^ Spitz, 354.
245. ^ (Jerman) Die Beziehungen des
Reformators Martin Luther zu Halle
buergerstiftung-halle.de
246. ^ (Jerman) Luther, Martin. Sermon No. 8,
"Predigt über Mat. 11:25, Eisleben
gehalten," 15 February 1546, Luthers
Werke, Weimar 1914, 51:196–197.
247. ^ (Inggris) Poliakov, Léon. From the Time
of Christ to the Court Jews, Vanguard
Press, p. 220.
248. ^ (Inggris) Mackinnon, James. Luther and
the Reformation. Vol. IV, (New York):
Russell & Russell, 1962, p. 204.
249. ^ (Inggris) Luther, Martin. Admonition
against the Jews, added to his final
sermon, cited in Oberman, Heiko. Luther:
Man Between God and the Devil, New
York: Image Books, 1989, p. 294. A
complete translation of Luther's
Admonition can be found in
Wikisource.s:Warning Against the Jews
(1546)
250. ^ (Inggris) Heinz Schilling (2017). Martin
Luther: Rebel in an Age of Upheaval .
Translated by Rona Johnston Gordon.
Oxford University Press. hlm. 503.
ISBN 9780191034336.
251. ^ (Inggris) Brecht, Martin. Martin Luther.
tr. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress
Press, 1985–93, 3:369–79.
252. ^ a b (Inggris) McKim, Donald K. (2003).
The Cambridge companion to Martin
Luther. Cambridge companions to religion.
Cambridge University Press. hlm. 19.
ISBN 0-521-01673-8.
253. ^ (Inggris) "Slide Collection" .
254. ^ (Inggris) Mary Fairchild. "Martin Luther's
Great Accomplishments" . About.com
Religion & Spirituality.
255. ^ (Inggris) OurRedeermLCMS.org
Diarsipkan November 22, 2003, di
Wayback Machine.
256. ^ (Inggris) "The Cambridge Companion to
Martin Luther" .
257. ^ (Inggris)
SignatureToursInternational.com Diarsipk
an 1 December 2007 di Wayback Machine.
258. ^ (Jerman) Dorfpredigten.: Biblische
Einsichten aus Deutschlands 'wildem
Süden'. Ausgewählte Predigten aus den
Jahren 1998 bis 2007 Teil II 2002-2007
by Thomas O. H. Kaiser, p. 354
259. ^ (Inggris) Martin Luther's Death Mask on
View at Museum in Halle, Germany
artdaily.com
260. ^ (Inggris) Wall Street Journal, "The Monk
Who Shook the World", Richard J. Evans,
March 31, 2017
261. ^ (Inggris) Roper, Lyndal (April 2010).
"Martin Luther's Body: The 'Stout Doctor'
and His Biographers". American Historical
Review. 115 (2): 351–362.
doi:10.1086/ahr.115.2.351 .
Sumber
(Inggris) Martin Brecht; tr. James L. Schaaf,
(1985). Martin Luther. 1: His Road to
Reformation, 1483–1521. Philadelphia:
Fortress Press.
(Inggris) Martin Brecht; tr. James L. Schaaf,
(1994). Martin Luther. 2: Shaping and
Defining the Reformation, 1521–1532.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
(Inggris) Martin Brecht; tr. James L. Schaaf,
(1999). Martin Luther. 3: The Preservation
of the Church, 1532–1546. Philadelphia:
Fortress Press.
(Inggris) Michael A. Mullett (2004). Martin
Luther. London: Routledge.
ISBN 9780415261685.
(Inggris) Michael A. Mullett (1986) (1986).
Luther. Methuen & Co (Lancashire Pamphlets).
ISBN 0415109329.
(Inggris) Derek Wilson (2007). Out of the
Storm: The Life and Legacy of Martin Luther.
London: Hutchinson. ISBN 9780091800017.
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