BUKU JAWABAN UJIAN (BJU)

UAS TAKE HOME EXAM (THE)

SEMESTER 2021/22.1 (2021.2)

Nama Mahasiswa : Rini Aprilianti

Nomor Induk Mahasiswa/NIM : 04216425

Tanggal Lahir : Kuningan, 06 April 2001

Kode/Nama Mata Kuliah : ABDI4201/ Bahasa Inggris Niaga

Kode/Nama Program Studi : 54/ Manajemen

Kode/Nama UPBJJ : 24/ bandung

Hari/Tanggal UAS THE : Minggu/ 19 Desember 2021

Tanda Tangan Peserta Ujian

Petunjuk

1. Anda wajib mengisi secara lengkap dan benar identitas pada cover BJU pada halaman ini.
2. Anda wajib mengisi dan menandatangani surat pernyataan kejujuran akademik.
3. Jawaban bisa dikerjakan dengan diketik atau tulis tangan.
4. Jawaban diunggah disertai dengan cover BJU dan surat pernyataan kejujuran akademik.

KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN, KEBUDAYAAN, RISET, DAN TEKNOLOGI

UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA
 BUKU JAWABAN UJIAN UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA

Surat Pernyataan Mahasiswa

Kejujuran Akademik

Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:

Nama Mahasiswa : Rini Aprilianti

NIM : 042164225
Kode/Nama Mata Kuliah : ABDI4201/ Bahasa Inggris Niaga
Fakultas : Ekonomi
Program Studi : Manajemen
UPBJJ-UT : 24/ Bandung

1. Saya tidak menerima naskah UAS THE dari siapapun selain mengunduh dari aplikasi THE pada laman
https://the.ut.ac.id.
2. Saya tidak memberikan naskah UAS THE kepada siapapun.
3. Saya tidak menerima dan atau memberikan bantuan dalam bentuk apapun dalam pengerjaan soal ujian
UAS THE.
4. Saya tidak melakukan plagiasi atas pekerjaan orang lain (menyalin dan mengakuinya sebagai pekerjaan
saya).
5. Saya memahami bahwa segala tindakan kecurangan akan mendapatkan hukuman sesuai dengan aturan
akademik yang berlaku di Universitas Terbuka.
6. Saya bersedia menjunjung tinggi ketertiban, kedisiplinan, dan integritas akademik dengan tidak
melakukan kecurangan, joki, menyebarluaskan soal dan jawaban UAS THE melalui media apapun, serta
tindakan tidak terpuji lainnya yang bertentangan dengan peraturan akademik Universitas Terbuka.

Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sesungguhnya. Apabila di kemudian hari terdapat pelanggaran
atas pernyataan di atas, saya bersedia bertanggung jawab dan menanggung sanksi akademik yang ditetapkan oleh
Universitas Terbuka.

Yang Membuat Pernyataan

Rini Aprilianti
 BUKU JAWABAN UJIAN UNIVERSITAS TERBUKA

Number 1
Recently, the trend of keeping fancy fish, like Betta fish, is rising during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This
phenomenon can be seen from social media where there are so many sellers and buyers do the transaction. One
type of transaction that often used by the seller is auction. What kind of auction which is often used by the seller of
Indonesia? Is it English auction or Dutch auction?How do they differ each other?

Answer :

In my opinion, the kind of auction that often used by the seller in Indonesia is Dutch Auction where the bidding is
done by descending (descent). The auction buyer who first bids the price acceptable to the seller is determined as the
winner. This kind of auction can be found at Capital Market like in the process of Initial Public Offering (IPO) and in the
Indonesian Traditional Market.

The main difference between English Auction and Dutch Auction is quantity. An English Auction (Ascending Bid
Auction) is an auction in which you are attempting to be the highest bidder on a listing of which there is only a
quantity of one. A Dutch Auction (Descending Bid Auction) is a unique type of auction designed for Sellers with a
number of identical items to sell. The Seller specifies the minimum price (starting bid) and the exact number of items
that are available at that price. The bidders bid at or above that minimum price also indicating the number of items
that they are interested in buying. In Dutch Auctions, the combination of highest bidders and earliest bidders are
winners of whatever quantity is available. The value of a bid in a Dutch Auction is derived by the total quantity of
items bid on and multiplied by the bid price.

Number 2
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been so broad that it would be hard to find anything, anywhere, that
hasn’t changed. The volatility seen in exchange rates is one of the major external indicators of the economic impact
of the global turmoil in 2020. Exchange rate of some contries in the world is falling.What will happen if the
exchange rate is still falling continuosly?

Answer :

An exchange rate is the value of one nation's currency versus the currency of another nation or economic
zone. For example, how many IDR (Indonesia Rupiah) it does take to buy one U.S Dollar. Exchange rate is
very fluctuative. It can be up and down in such a short period of time. What will happen if exchange rate
keeps continuously falling down? Well, a currency crisis will happen causing a sharp decline in foreign
reserves. The fall was possible due to a brief bout of speculation on the foreign exchange market.
Simultaneously, the economic fundamentals were weak and were unable to prevent the exchange rate from
falling.

What will happen during currency crisis?

1. Inflation
Depreciation severely hurts the economy. Many economic and business decisions depend on exchange
rates. A fall in the exchange rate will create instability and mistrust of the domestic currency. Let’s take
a simple example. Before the crisis, the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar was IDR2,000/USD.
Let’s say we buy an imported item for USD1 per unit. Then, the crisis hit and depreciated the exchange
rate to IDR20,000/USD. To get the same item, you we to spend more rupiah. Depreciation makes us
have to pay Rp 20,000 or 10 times more expensive than before the crisis.
 2. A currency crisis can trigger default and banking crisis
The risk of default on foreign debt soars. Depreciation causes debts denominated in foreign currencies to
increase dramatically, reducing the ability to repay debtors, be they governments or companies. For
example, suppose a company owes 1 US dollar at the exchange rate of IDR1,000 per USD. The crisis hit,
and the exchange rate depreciated to IDR14,000 per USD. If we convert it into rupiah, the depreciation
causes the debt to swell from IDR1,000 (1 US dollar) to IDR14,000 or a 14-fold increase. Such a nominal
increase in debt can make a company bankrupt. It can creep into the financial system, as companies may
also take out loans from domestic banks.

3. Bring Uncertainty to International Trade

The sharp depreciation made domestic goods very cheap for foreigners. That should increase exports.
How significant the effect is on the demand for domestic goods depends on the price elasticity of the
exported goods—the more elastic the demand, the greater the export. On the other hand, a severe
depreciation caused foreign goods’ price to skyrocket for domestic consumers. Imports are shrinking.
Again, how much imports will shrink depends on the price elasticity of imported goods.

Number 3
Covid-19 pandemic affects economy of Indonesia significantly. Level of house hold consumption decreased. Even
the investment, which was expected to increase by 6 percent, as a result COVID-19, is predicted to drop to the level
of 1 percent and even -0.4 percent. Exports and imports will also continue to have negative growth. This decline in
economic growth is one indication of market failure, where the market mechanism cannot solve the problem itself.
Reffering to that condition,What causes market failure to be occured? Please give one example of market failure
during the pandemic in Indonesia

Answer :

Market failure refers to the inefficient distribution of goods and services in the free market. In a typical free market,
the prices of goods and services are determined by the forces of supply and demand, and any change in one of the
forces results in a price change and a corresponding change in the other force. The changes lead to a price
equilibrium. Market failure occurs when there is a state of disequilibrium in the market due to market distortion. It
takes place when the quantity of goods or services supplied is not equal to the quantity of goods or services
demanded. Some of the distortions that may affect the free market may include monopoly power, price limits,
minimum wage requirements, and government regulations.

Here's the cause of market failures :

1. Externality
An externality refers to a cost or benefit resulting from a transaction that affects a third party that did not decide
to be associated with the benefit or cost. It can be positive or negative. A positive externality provides a positive
effect on the third party. For example, providing good public education mainly benefits the students, but the
benefits of this public good will spill over to the whole society. On the other hand, a negative externality is a
negative effect resulting from the consumption of a product, and that results in a negative impact on a third
party. For example, even though cigarette smoking is primarily harmful to a smoker, it also causes a negative
health impact on people around the smoker.

2. Public goods
Public goods are goods that are consumed by a large number of the population, and their cost does not increase
with the increase in the number of consumers. Public goods are both non-rivalrous as well as non-excludable.
Non-rivalrous consumption means that the goods are allocated efficiently to the whole population if provided at
zero cost, while non-excludable consumption means that the public goods cannot exclude non-payers from its
 consumption. Public goods create market failures if a section of the population that consumes the goods fails to
pay but continues using the good as actual payers. For example, police service is a public good that every citizen is
entitled to enjoy, regardless of whether or not they pay taxes to the government.

3. Market control
Market control occurs when either the buyer or the seller possesses the power to determine the price of goods or
services in a market. The power prevents the natural forces of demand and supply from setting the prices of
goods in the market. On the supply side, the sellers may control the prices of goods and services if there are only
a few large sellers (oligopoly) or a single large seller (monopoly). The sellers may collude to set higher prices to
maximize their returns. The sellers may also control the quantity of goods produced in the market and may
collude to create scarcity and increase the prices of commodities. On the demand side, the buyers possess the
power to control the prices of goods if the market only comprises a single large buyer (monopsony) or a few large
buyers (oligopsony). If there is only a single or a handful of large buyers, the buyers may exercise their dominance
by colluding to set the price at which they are willing to buy the products from the producers. The practice
prevents the market from equating the supply of goods and services to their demand.

4. Imperfect information in the market

Market failure may also result from the lack of appropriate information among the buyers or sellers. This means
that the price of demand or supply does not reflect all the benefits or opportunity cost of a good. The lack of
information on the buyer’s side may mean that the buyer may be willing to pay a higher or lower price for the
product because they don’t know its actual benefits. On the other hand, inadequate information on the seller’s
side may mean that they may be willing to accept a higher or lower price for the product than the actual
opportunity cost of producing it.

The example of market failure in Indonesia during pandemic is a high demand of masks and oxygen while the stocks
are running low/ run out.

Number 4
Outsourcing has become a major trend in human resources over the past decade. It's the practice of sending
certain job functions outside a company instead of handling them in house. More and more companies, large and
small, are turning to outsourcing as a way to grow. Do you think that outsourcing is very beneficial for the
companies? Please explain your reason

Answer :
Outsorcing is definitely beneficial for the companies. Why? Outsorcing has been the go-to move for businesses
considering expansion, task delegation, and technology adoption for many years. With the COVID-19 pandemic
forcing companies to adapt and take more risks in order to survive, people are again looking at outsourcing as a
saving grace.The main reason why companies outsource is that outsourcing reduces employment costs and other
overhead expenses by up to 70%.

Here are the top benefits that will convince you that outsorcing is a good idea for a business:

1. Reduced costs
The main benefit of outsourcing consists of much lower labor costs. Therefore, it is cost-efficient and profitable to
reduce your expenditures and significantly save budget. At the same time, you will get quality professional service
at a reasonable price. Also, you save time and money on recruitment, training new in-house staff, offering
benefits, etc.

2. Larger talent pool available

When hiring in-house local employees, you don’t have much choice. Outsourcing allows you to expand your
search and choose from a variety of companies and the best professionals from all over the world. It is possible to
 find the right team of experts that will meet all your requirements to achieve better results. The more experts are
involved in your project, the faster all tasks get done.

3. Focus on the essential business activities

Usually, companies outsource the most time-consuming and tedious responsibilities, such as software
development. Delegating tasks to an external team of professionals will allow you to pay more attention to core
business activities. You can actively work on elaborating your marketing strategy or other business-related
activities.

4. Risk sharing
While outsourcing some of your tasks to another company, you share responsibilities as well. They also help you
with risk assessment and analysis, which is also a crucial advantage. An external team will predict and help
mitigate potentially occurring risks.

5. Increased process efficiency

An outsourcing company helps you carry out some burdening tasks, and therefore, you can achieve better results,
make all processes more efficient, and boost productivity. It goes without saying that excellent quality level is
always maintained. Outsourcing team possesses industry expertise and business-related knowledge to deliver
professional services.

6. 24/7 availability
Outsourcing some tasks to a team located abroad means for you a significant time zone difference as well as
holidays difference, which allows overseas workers to perform duties even if your team doesn’t work. Your
business will run smoothly and effectively all the time.

Resources :
Investopedia.com
Corporatefinance.com
Testfort.com
Modul ABDI4201/ Bahasa Inggris Niaga