INFRASTRUKTUR WILAYAH, KOTA

DAN DESA

Oleh : Dr. Ir. Gusti Zulkifli Mulki, dea

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Tanjungpura
Pontianak
2014
Buku acuan :
• W. Ronald Hudson, dkk, Infrastructure Management, McGraw-Hill,
New York, 1997.

• Yuzo Akatsuka & Tsuneaki Yoshida, Systems for Infrastructure

Development, Japan International Cooperation Publishing Co, Ltd,
Tokyo, Japan, 1999.

• Kodoatie, Robert J., Manajemen dan Rekayasa Infrastruktur, Pustaka

Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2004

• Infrastruktur Indonesia, Bappenas, 2003

• Infrastruktur merupakan sistem prasarana
wilayah untuk publik berupa fasilitas
transportasi, bangunan-bangunan gedung, air
bersih, irigasi, drainase, listrik & telekomunikasi
untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar manusia
dalam lingkup sosial dan ekonomi (Grigg, 1988).
• Infrastructure is an integral part of the
development of any country. It is about
providing basic services that people need for
everyday life—water, sanitation, modern
energy, roads and other aspects of
transport, and access to modern information
communications technology (World Bank).
Sistem infrastruktur merupakan pendukung
utama fungsi-fungsi sistem sosial dan
sistem ekonomi dalam kehidupan sehari-
hari masyarakat. Sistem infrastruktur
dapat didefinisikan sebagai fasilitas-
fasilitas atau struktur-struktur dasar,
peralatan-peralatan, instalasi yang
dibangun dan yang dibutuhkan untuk
berfungsinya sistem sosial dan sistem
ekonomi masyarakat (Grigg, 2000).
• Sesungguhnya secara harmonis, lingkungan
alam merupakan pendukung utama dari semua
sistem infrastruktur, dimana sistem infrastruktur
ini akan mendukung sistem ekonomi dan sistem
sosial. Disini peran infrastruktur sebagai
mediator antara sistem sosial-ekonomi dan
lingkungan menjadi sangat penting. Infrastruktur
yang kurang berhasil akan memberikan dampak
negatif bagi manusia.
• Sementara infrastruktur yang terlalu berpihak
kepada kepentingan manusia (dengan tanpa
memperhitungkan kapasitas daya dukung
lingkungan) akan merusak alam lingkungan itu
sendiri. Itulah sebabnya infrastruktur harus
dipahami dan dimengerti secara benar, terutama
bagi penentu kebijakan.
TRANSPORTASI
SUMBERDAYA AIR
PEMUKIMAN
HYPERMARKET & MALL
REKREASI
TELEMATIKA
ENERGY & LISTRIK
Transportation
• ^ Ground transportation (roads, bridges, tunnels, railroads)
• ^ Air transportation (airports, heliports, ground facilities, air-traffic
control)
• ^ Waterways and ports (shipping channels, main terminals, dry
docks, ports)
• ^ Intermodal facilities (rail/airport terminals, truck/rail/port
terminals)
• ^ Mass transit (subways, bus transit, light rail, monorails,
platforms/stations)

Water and waste water

• ^ Water supply (pumping stations, treatment plants, main water
lines, wells, mechanical] electric equipment)
• ^ Structures (dams, diversion, structures, tunnels, aqueducts)
• ^ Agricultural water distribution (canals, rivers, weir, gates, dikes)
• ^ Sewer (main sewer lines, septic tanks, treatment plants, storm-
water drains)
Waste management (landfills, treatment plants, recycling facilities)
• ^ Solid waste
• ^ Hazardous waste
• ^ Nuclear waste

Energy production and distribution

• ^ Electric power production (hydro-electric power stations; gas-,
oil-, and coal-fueled power generation)
• ^ Electric power distribution (high-voltage power transmission
lines, substations, distribution systems, energy-control center,
service and maintenance facilities)
• ^ Gas pipeline (gas production, pipeline, computer stations and
control centers, storage tanks, service and maintenance facilities)
• ^ Petroleum/oil production (pumping stations, oil/gas separation
plants, roads)
• ^ Petroleum/oil distribution (marine and ground tanker terminals,
• pipelines, pumping stations, maintenance facilities, storage tanks)
• ^ Nuclear power stations (nuclear reactors, power-generation
stations, nuclear waste disposal facilities, emergency equipment
and facilities)
Buildings
• ^ Tall buildings—residential/commercial (structures,
utilities, swimming pools, security, ground access,
parking)
• ^ Public buildings (schools, hospitals, government
offices, police stations, fire stations, postal offices,
parking structures)
• ^ Multipurpose complexes (coliseums, amphitheaters,
convention centers, religious congregation buildings)
• ^ Sports complexes (indoor, stadiums, golf courses)
• ^ Movie theaters (indoor, drive-in)
• ^ Housing facilities (public, private)
• ^ Manufacturing/warehouse facilities
• ^ Hotels/commercial properties (hotels, inns, time-
sharing units, clubs, malls)
Recreational facilities
• ^ Parks and playgrounds (roads, parking areas,
recreational facilities, office buildings, rest rooms,
ornamental fountains, swimming pools, picnic areas)
• ^ Lake and water sports (roads, parking areas, picnic
areas, marinas)
• ^ Theme parks/casinos (access roads, buildings,
restaurants, security facilities, structures)

Communications
• ^ Telecommunications network (telephone-exchange
stations, cable distribution, power supplies, switching
and data-processing centers, buildings, transmission
towers, and repeat stations)
• Infrastruktur merupakan roda penggerak pertumbuhan
ekonomi. Fasilitas transportasi memungkinkan orang,
barang, dan jasa diangkut dari satu tempat ke tempat lain di
seluruh penjuru dunia. Perannya sangat penting baik dalam
proses produksi maupun dalam menunjang distribusi
komoditi ekonomi dan ekspor.
• Telekomunikasi, listrik, dan air merupakan elemen sangat
penting dalam proses produksi dari sektor-sektor ekonomi
seperti perdagangan, industri, dan pertanian. Keberadaan
infrastruktur akan mendorong terjadinya peningkatan
produktivitas bagi faktor-faktor produksi, dan sebaliknya
apabila mengabaikannya akan menurunkan
produktivitasnya
• Infrastruktur berperanan penting dalam mobilitas manusia,
distribusi barang dan jasa, serta penghubung antara daerah
terpencil/pedalaman/perbatasan dengan pusat-pusat
pertumbuhan.