Topik Bahasan
Dasar-Dasar
Real-Time PCR I. Pendahuluan
II. Isolasi RNA
III. Sintesis cDNA
IV. qPCR
V. Analisis Data
VI. Analisis TaqMan
dr. Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, PhD
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I. Pendahuluan Nomenklatur
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2. Analisis gene copy number Expression BRCA1 controls the expression of other genes.
Analysis In order to monitor level of expression of BRCA1,
real-time PCR is used.
3. Mengukur jumlah virus (viral load)
4. Deteksi patogen (SARS-Covid-2) DNA
5. Mengukur ekspresi miRNA BRCA1
mRNA
6. Analisis variasi genetik
Protein
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Virus
RNA
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Tahap-Tahap Analisis RT PCR Perbandingan one step dan two steps RT PCR
Advantages Disadvantages
One-step •Less experimental variation since •Difficult to optimize the two reactions
• Isolasi RNA (atau miRNA) both reactions take place in the same separately
tube •Less sensitive than two-step because the
• Sintesis cDNA (Reverse Transcription-PCR) •Fewer pipetting steps reduces risk of reaction conditions are a compromise
contamination between the two combined reactions
• qPCR •Suitable for high throughput •Detection of fewer targets per sample
amplification/screening
•Fast and highly reproducible
Apabila sample sudah dalam bentuk DNA, maka Two-steps •A stable cDNA pool is generated that •The use of several tubes and pipetting
langsung ke tahap qPCR (misalnya mengukur can be stored for long periods of time steps exposes the reaction to a greater risk
and used for multiple reactions of DNA contamination
mtDNA atau DNA copy number) •The target and reference genes can be Time consuming
amplified from the same cDNA pool •Requires more optimization than one-step
Dapat dilakukan satu tahap/satu kali selesai (One without multiplexing
Step RT PCR) atau dalam 2 tahap (Two Steps qPCR; •Optimized reaction buffers and
reaction conditions can be used for
isolasi RNA + sintesis cDNA – stop – qPCR)) each individual reaction
•Flexible priming options
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Intercalating agents
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27 28
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AMOUNT OF DNA
2 4 1200000000
3 8 3 8 1000000000
4 16 4 16 800000000
600000000
5 32 5 32 400000000
6 64 6 64 200000000
7 128 7 128 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
8 256 8 256 PCR CYCLE NUMBER
9 512 9 512
10 1,024 10 1,024
11 2,048 11 2,048
12 4,096 10000000000
12 4,096 1000000000
13 8,192 13 8,192 100000000
Dasar Perhitungan
AMOUNT OF DNA
14 16,384 10000000
14 16,384 1000000
15 32,768 15 32,768 100000
qPCR 16
17
65,536
131,072
16
17
65,536
131,072
10000
1000
100
18 262,144 10
18 262,144 1
19 524,288 19 524,288 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
20 1,048,576 PCR CYCLE NUMBER
20 1,048,576
21 2,097,152
21 2,097,152
22
23
4,194,304
8,388,608
22
23
4,194,304
8,388,608
Mengapa ada fase eksponensial dan non
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25
16,777,216
33,554,432
24 16,777,216 eksponensial?
25 33,554,432
26
27
67,108,864
134,217,728 26 67,108,864 1. Aktivitas Taq Polymerase berkurang
28 268,435,456 27 134,217,728
29 536,870,912 28 268,435,456 2. Jumlah reagen berkurang
29 536,870,912
30
31
1,073,741,824
2,147,483,648 30 1,073,741,824 3. Penurunan kapasitas buffer
32 4,294,967,296 31 1,400,000,000
33 8,589,934,592 31 32 1,500,000,000 32
34 17,179,869,184 33 1,550,000,000
34 1,580,000,000
31 32
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4000000
3000000
2500000
Cycle
2000000
1500000
25 1,000,000 125,000
Measuring 1000000
500000
27 4,000,000 500,000
Quantities
28 8,000,000 1,000,000
33 34
4500000
Ct Values: 4500000
4000000 4000000
3500000 3500000
3000000
23 25 3000000
Measuring 2500000
2000000
28
Measuring 2500000
2000000
Quantities 1500000
1000000
Quantities 1500000
1000000
500000 500000
0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
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Melting Curve (kurva leleh) dan Melting Peak (puncak leleh) Contoh amplikon yang tidak spesifik
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Quantification
(www)
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Internal Standards/Reference
Ratio = (Etarget)ΔCq, target (calibrator - test)/(Eref)ΔCq, ref (calibrator - test) gene/Internal control
Syarat-syarat internal standard
• Gen dengan jumlah copy number sama di semua sel
is the amplification efficiency of the • Gen yang terekspresi di semua sel
Etarget
target gene.
• Gen dengan jumlah copy number medium with (2 copies)
is the amplification efficiency of the
Eref
reference gene.
Fungsi internal standard :
is the Cq of the reference gene in
ΔCq, ref (calibrator - test) the calibrator minus the Cq of the 1. Menormalkan hasil qPCR (karena perbedaan kualitas
reference gene in the test sample. specimen)
2. Menyamakan kondisi qPCR karena adanya berbagai
is the Cq of the target gene in the inhibitor dalam reaksi
ΔCq, target (calibrator - test) calibrator minus the Cq of the
target gene in the test sample. à Dipastikan kondisi perlakuan sama (handling sample, isolasi,
cDNA synthesis, qPRC) 50
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Quantification
(www)
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VI. Taqman Assay (double dye probes) for SNP’s Analysis Probe Analysis (Taqman Assay)
R = Reporter
Forward
Primer R Probe Q ¢ Q = Quencher
5¢ 3
3¢ 5¢
5¢ 3¢
5¢
Reverse
Primer
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For Real Time PCR we need a When in close contact with the reporter,
the quencer absobes its emission.
a specific probe with a
fluorescent reporter.
R
Probe Q
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R R
Q Q
5¢ 3¢ ¢
5 3¢
3¢ 5¢ 3¢ 5¢
5¢ 3¢ 5¢ 3¢
5¢ 5¢
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R Q
3¢
5¢
3¢ 5¢
5¢ 3¢
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