04 Menara Distilasi 2

Lampiran Alat Besar Menara Distilasi - 02
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MENARA DISTILASI (MD - 02)
CD - 02
ACC - 03
Distillate
Feed
RB - 02
Bottom
Tugas : Memisahkan metil akrilat dari air sebagai produk atas menara distilasi dengan
kecepatan umpan masuk sebesar 4.600,84 Kg/jam
Jenis : Sieve Tray Distillation Column
Asumsi : 1. Menara distilasi bekerja pada keadaan tunak
2. Pada setiap plate terjadi kesetimbangan fase
3. aliran dalam setiap plate konstan molal
4. Koefisien kesetimbangan fasa mengikuti persamaan K = P°/Pt
Dimana, K = konstanta kesetimbangan fase uap - cair
P° = tekanan uap (mmHg)
Pt = tekanan total (mmHg)
1. Neraca Massa
Input Atas Bawah
Komponen
kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam kmol/jam kg/jam
CH3OH 0,07 2,09 0,06 2,07 0,00 0,02
C4H6O2 44,05 3.787,88 43,82 3.768,94 0,22 18,94
H2O 45,05 810,87 0,94 16,87 44,11 794,00
44,83 3.787,88 44,33 812,96
Total 89,16 4.600,84
89,16 4.600,84
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Perancangan Pabrik Metil Akrilat dari Asam Akrilat dan Metanol
Kapasitas 30.000 Ton/Tahun
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2. Menentukan Kondisi Operasi

Umpan menara distilasi dalam kondisi cair jenuh. Untuk menentukan temperatur umpan maka
perlu di trial temperatur bubble point feed pada tekanan 1,1 atm. Tekanan uap tiap komponen
dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Antoine sebagai berikut :
Log P° = A + B/T + C LogT + DT + ET2

(Yaws, 1999)
Dimana, A, B, C, D, E = konstanta
P = tekanan uap komponen (mmHg)
T = temperatur (K)
Kesetimbangan fase cair-uap dapat didekati dengan persamaan tekanan uap sebagai berikut :
Komponen A B C D E
CH3OH 4,56E+01 -3,24E+03 -1,40E+01 6,64E-03 -1,05E-13
C4H6O2 4,70E+01 -3,12E+03 -1,49E+01 7,16E-03 3,45E-14
H2O 2,99E+01 -3,15E+03 -7,30E+00 2,42E-09 1,81E-06
Kondisi Operasi Umpan

Kondisi operasi umpan menara terjadi pada keadaan bubble point,
∑Xi = ∑Yi / Ki = 1, Dengan cara trial pada tekanan 836 mmHg (1,1 atm), dicoba :
Trial and error, T = 92,84 ºC Pt = 836,00 mmHg
= 365,84 K = 1,1 atm
CH3OH :
Log P° CH3OH = 45,62 + -3.244,7 + -13,99 × Log 365,84 +
365,8
6,64E-03 × 365,84 + -1,05E-13 × 133.842,51
= 3,32 mmHg
P° CH3OH = 2.092,05 mmHg
K CH3OH = 2.092,05 mmHg
836,00 mmHg
= 2,50
yi CH3OH = 0,00 × 2,50
= 0,00
C4H6O2 :
Log P° C4H6O2 = 4,70E+01 + -3.121,8 + -14,860 × Log 365,84 +
365,8
7,16E-03 × 365,84 + 3,45E-14 × 133.842,51
= 3,04 mmHg
P° C4H6O2 = 1093,99 mmHg
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K C4H6O2 = 1093,99 mmHg

836,00 mmHg
= 1,31
yi C4H6O2 = 0,49 × 1,31
= 0,65
H2O :
Log P° H2O = 29,86 + -3.152,2 + -7,30 × Log 365,84 +
365,8
2,42E-09 × 365,84 + 1,81E-06 × 133.842,51
= 2,76 mmHg
P° H2O = 581,90 mmHg
K H2O = 581,90 mmHg
836,00 mmHg
= 0,70
yi H2O = 0,51 × 0,70
= 0,35
Maka diperoleh kondisi operasi umpan :

Komponen F Xi P° K Yi Alpha Log (Alp)
CH3OH (l) 0,07 0,001 2,09,E+03 2,50,E+00 0,002 3,60,E+00 5,56,E-01
C4H6O2(l) 44,05 0,494 1,09,E+03 1,31,E+00 0,646 1,88,E+00 2,74,E-01
H2O(l) 45,05 0,505 5,82,E+02 6,96,E-01 0,352 1,00,E+00 0,00,E+00
Total 89,16 1,000 1,000
Suhu umpan menara = 92,84 ℃ = 365,84 K
Tekanan umpan menara = 1,10 atm = 836,00 mmHg
Kondisi Operasi Atas

Kondisi operasi atas menara terjadi pada keadaan dew point, digunakan kondensor total
∑Xi = ∑Yi / Ki = 1,00 Dengan cara trial pada tekanan 760 mmHg (1 atm), dicoba :
= 354,28 K = 1,0 atm
CH3OH :
Log P° CH3OH = 45,62 + -3.244,7 + -13,99 × Log 354,28 +
354,3
6,64E-03 × 354,28 + -1,05E-13 × 125.511,38
= 3,15 mmHg
P° CH3OH = 1.410,52 mmHg
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K CH3OH = 1.410,52 mmHg

760,00 mmHg
= 1,8559
yi CH3OH = 0,0014 × 1,8559
= 0,003
C4H6O2 :
Log P° C4H6O2 = 4,70E+01 + -3.121,8 + -14,860 × Log 354,28 +
354,3
7,16E-03 × 354,28 + 3,45E-14 × 125.511,38
= 2,88 mmHg
P° C4H6O2 = 767,10 mmHg
K C4H6O2 = 767,10 mmHg
760,00 mmHg
= 1,01
yi C4H6O2 = 0,98 × 1,01
= 0,99
H2O :
Log P° H2O = 29,86 + -3.152,2 + -7,30 × Log 354,28 +
354,3
2,42E-09 × 354,28 + 1,81E-06 × 125.511,38
= 2,57 mmHg
P° H2O = 371,83 mmHg
K H2O = 371,83 mmHg
760,00 mmHg
= 0,49
yi H2O = 0,0209 × 0,4892
= 0,0102
Maka diperoleh kondisi operasi atas :

Komponen D Xi P° K Yi Alpha Log (Alp)
CH3OH (l) 0,06 0,001 1,41,E+03 1,86,E+00 0,00 3,79,E+00 5,79,E-01
C4H6O2(l) 43,82 0,978 7,67,E+02 1,01,E+00 0,99 2,06,E+00 3,15,E-01
H2O(l) 0,94 0,021 3,72,E+02 4,89,E-01 0,01 1,00,E+00 0,00,E+00
Total 44,83 1,000 1,00
Suhu atas menara = 81,28 ℃ = 354,28 K
Tekanan atas menara = 1,00 atm = 760,00 mmHg
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Kondisi Operasi Bawah

Kondisi operasi bawah menara terjadi pada keadaan bubble point,
∑Xi = ∑Yi / Ki = 1,00 Dengan cara trial pada tekanan 900 mmHg (1,2 atm), dicoba :
= 377,87 K = 1,2 atm
CH3OH :
Log P° CH3OH = 45,62 + -3.244,7 + -13,99 × Log 377,87 +
377,87
6,64E-03 × 377,87 + -1,05E-13 × 142.786,55
= 3,49 mmHg
P° CH3OH = 3.063,14 mmHg
K CH3OH = 3.063,14 mmHg
900,00 mmHg
= 3,4035
yi CH3OH = 0,0000 × 3,4035
= 0,0001
C4H6O2 :
Log P° C4H6O2 = 4,70E+01 + -3.121,8 + -14,860 × Log 377,87 +
377,9
7,16E-03 × 377,87 + 3,45E-14 × 142.786,55
= 3,19 mmHg
P° C4H6O2 = 1.541,77 mmHg
K C4H6O2 = 1.541,77 mmHg
900,00 mmHg
= 1,71
yi C4H6O2 = 0,00 × 1,71
= 0,01
H2O :
Log P° H2O = 29,86 + -3.152,2 + -7,30 × Log 377,87 +
377,9
2,42E-09 × 377,87 + 1,81E-06 × 142.786,55
= 2,95 mmHg
P° H2O = 896,72 mmHg
K H2O = 896,72 mmHg
900,00 mmHg
= 1,00
yi H2O = 1,00 × 1,00
= 0,99
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Maka diperoleh kondisi operasi bawah :

Komponen B Xi P° K Yi Alpha Log (Alp)
CH3OH (l) 0,00 0,000 3,06,E+03 3,40,E+00 0,000 3,42,E+00 5,34,E-01
C4H6O2(l) 0,22 0,005 1,54,E+03 1,71,E+00 0,009 1,72,E+00 2,35,E-01
H2O(l) 44,11 0,995 8,97,E+02 9,96,E-01 0,991 1,00,E+00 0,00,E+00
Total 44,33 1,000 1,000
Suhu bawah menara = 104,871 ℃ = 377,87 K
Tekanan bawah menara = 1,18 atm = 900,00 mmHg
3. Menentukan Relatif Volatilitas Rata-rata (α AV )
α avg = (α top × α bottom)1/2

(Coulson, 1985)
keterangan :
α avg = Volatilitas relatif rata-rata
α top = Volatilitas relatif pada distilat
α bot = Volatilitas relatif pada bottom
Dengan menggunakan persamaan diatas, maka diperoleh nilai :

Komponen Alpha Top Alpha Bottom Alpha Avg
CH3OH (l) 3,7935 3,4159 3,5998
C4H6O2(l) 2,0631 1,7193 1,8834
H2O(l) 1,0000 1,0000 1,0000
Total 6,8566 6,1353 6,4832
4. Menentukan Light Key Komponen dan Heavy Key Komponen

Adapun pemilihan komponen kunci adalah sebagai berikut :
Light Key = C4H6O2
Heavy Key = H2O
Dari persamaan Shiras et. Al (Treybal, pers 9.164), key komponen dapat ditentukan
sebagai berikut :
𝑋𝐽,𝐷 𝐷 𝛼𝐽 − 1 𝑋𝑙𝑘,𝐷 𝐷 𝛼𝑙𝑘 − 𝛼𝐽 𝑋ℎ𝑘,𝐷 𝐷
= +
𝑍𝐽,𝐹 𝐹 𝛼𝑙𝑘 − 1 𝑍𝑙𝑘,𝐹 𝐹 𝛼𝑙𝑘 − 1 𝑍ℎ𝑘,𝐹 𝐹
keterangan :
X J,D = Fraksi mol komponen j di distilat
Z J,F = Fraksi mol komponen j di umpan
α = Relative volatility
D = Jumlah distilat (kmol/jam)
F = jumlah umpan (kmol/jam)
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CH3OH :
X J,D D 3,5998 − 1 0,978 × 44,83 1,8834 − 3,5998
= × + ×
Z J,F F 1,8834 − 1 0,494 × 89,16 1,8834 − 1
0,021 × 44,83
0,505 × 89,16
= 2,8879
C4H6O2 :
X J,D D 1,8834 − 1 0,978 × 44,83 1,8834 − 1,8834
= × + ×
Z J,F F 1,8834 − 1 0,494 × 89,16 1,8834 − 1
0,021 × 44,83
0,505 × 89,16
= 0,9950
H2O :
X J,D D 1,0000 − 1 0,978 × 44,83 1,8834 − 1,0000
= × + ×
Z J,F F 1,8834 − 1 0,494 × 89,16 1,8834 − 1
0,021 × 44,83
0,505 × 89,16
= 0,0208
Syarat :
a. Jika nilai X J,D D antara -0,01 dan 1,01, maka komponen akan terdistribusi ke
Z J,F F
dalam dua hasil yaitu hasil atas dan hasil bawah.
b. Jika nilai X J,D D > 1,01 , maka komponen hanya terdistribusi pada hasil atas.
Z J,F F
c. Jika nilai X J,D D < -0,01 , maka komponen hanya terdistribusi pada hasil bawah.
Z J,F F
Berdasarkan hasil diatas, maka dapat diketahui data sebagai berikut :

Fi Di 𝑿𝑱,𝑫 𝑫
Komponen Alpha Avg Keterangan
kmol/jam kmol/jam 𝒁𝑱,𝑭 𝑭
CH3OH (l) 0,07 0,06 3,5998 2,8879 Atas Bawah
C4H6O2(l) 44,05 43,82 1,8834 0,9950 Atas Bawah
H2O(l) 45,05 0,94 1,0000 0,0208 Atas Bawah
Total 89,16 44,83 6,48
Kesimpulan :
Light Key Komponen = C4H6O2
Heavy Key Komponen = H 2O
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5. Menentukan Distribusi Non-Key Component

Dengan menggunakan Fenske equation oleh Hengstebeck dan Geddes :
𝐷𝑖
log = 𝐴 + 𝐶 log 𝛼𝑖
𝐵𝑖
Kondisi batas adalah LK dan HK :
𝐹𝑖 𝐹𝑖
𝐷𝑖 = 𝐵𝑖 =
𝐵𝑖ൗ + 1 𝐷𝑖ൗ + 1
𝐷𝑖 𝐵𝑖
Di Bi
α Avg Log (Di/Bi) Log α avg
kmol/jam kmol/jam
LK 43,82 0,22 1,88 2,30 0,27
HK 0,94 44,11 1,00 -1,67 0,00
Dari persamaan LK :
2,30 = A + 0,27 C
Dari persamaan HK :
-1,67 = A + 0,00
A = -1,67
Maka C = 2,30 + 1,67
0,27
= 14,45
Maka didapat :
Komponen Fi (kmol/jam) αi Di / Bi Bi Di
CH3OH (l) 0,07 3,60 99,00 0,00 0,06
C4H6O2(l) 44,05 1,88 199,00 0,22 43,82
H2O(l) 45,05 1,00 0,02 44,11 0,94
Total 89,16 6,48 298,02 44,33 44,83
6. Menentukan Jumlah Plate Minimum

Dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Fenske (Coulson, pers 11.58)
𝑋𝑙𝑘 𝑋ℎ𝑘
log
𝑋ℎ𝑘 𝑑 𝑋𝑙𝑘 𝑏
𝑆𝑚 =
log 𝛼 𝑎𝑣𝑔
Keterangan : Indeks :
Sm = Jumlah stage minimum (termasuk boiler) D = Distilat
X lk = Fraksi mol komponen kunci ringan B = Bottom
X hk = Fraksi mol komponen kunci berat
α lk = Volatilitas relatif rerata
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Maka,
0,978 0,995
log 0,021
𝑑 0,005 𝑏
𝑆𝑚 =
log 6,48
= 7,73
Nm + 1 = Sm
Nm = Sm − 1
= 7,73 − 1
= 6,73 ≈ 7 plate
7. Reflux Minimum
Dihitung menggunakan persamaan Underwood (Coulson, pers 11,61) :
𝛼𝑖 𝑥𝑖,𝑓
1−𝑞 =෍
𝛼𝑖 − 𝜃
Keterangan :
q = Kondisi termal umpan (panas yang diperlukan untuk menjadikan 1 mol umpan
uap jenuh / panas laten molal)
q = 1, bila umpan dalam keadaan cair jenuh
q = 0, bila umpan dalam keadaan uap jenuh
α = Volatilitas relatif rata-rata
θ = Konstanta Underwood
Umpan masuk menara pada keadaan bubble point (titik didih), maka q = 1
Dengan cara trial dan error dicari harga θ sampai didapat nilai q = 1
Trial dan error θ = 1,3107
3,5998 × 0,0007 1,8834 × 0,4940 1,0000 × 0,5053
0 = + +
3,5998 − 1,3107 1,8834 − 1,3107 1,0000 − 1,3107
0 = 0,0012 + 1,6248 + -1,6259
= 0,000
8. Reflux Ratio Minimum (Rmin)

Dihitung dengan persamaan Underwood (Coulson, pers 11.60) :
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑥𝑖,𝑑
𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 1 = ෍
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔 − 𝜃
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑥𝑖,𝑑
Komponen x i,d α avg ෍
𝛼𝑎𝑣𝑔 − 𝜃
CH3OH (l) 0,0014 3,5998 0,002
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C4H6O2 (l) 0,9777 1,8834 3,215

H2O (l) 0,0209 1,0000 -0,067
Total 1,0000 6,4832 3,150
Rmin + 1 3,150
Rmin + 1 = 3,15
Rmin = 3,15 − 1
= 2,15
9. Reflux Operasi (R)

Reflux ratio operasi untuk pendingin air berkisar antara 1,2 sampai 1,3 dikali Rmin
Berdasarkan Kister, H.Z., Distillation Design, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1991, hal 102
Dipilih : 1,2
Reflux Operasi = 1,2 × Rmin
= 1,2 × 2,15
= 2,58
10. Jumlah Plate Teoritis

Diperoleh dengan korelasi Gilliland, grafik diperoleh dari Ludwig, E.E, Applied Process Design
for Chemical and Petrochemical Plant, Gulf Publishing, Houston, 1987, Ed III, Vol 2, Hal 30
R op − R min 2,58 − 2,15
=
R op + 1 2,58 + 1,00
= 0,12
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Dari grafik diperoleh :

N ideal − N min
= 0,5
N ideal + 1
N min = 7,73
N ideal = 7,73
1 − 0,5
= 15,47 ≈ 16 plate
Cek Nideal / Nmin harus masuk dalam range yaitu 1,8 − 2,5
N ideal 16
=
N min 7
= 2,29 (masih masuk dalam range)
11. Efisiensi Plate

Didekati dengan cara O'Connell. Towler, G, Ray Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design,
Elsevier, San Diego, 2008, hal 701. (tentang hubungan antara αf × μf dengan efisiensi plate)
E O = 51 − 32,5 log ( μaαa )
Keterangan :
αf = Volatilitas relatif dalam umpan
μf = Volatilitas rerata dalam umpan
Viskositas umpan : T = 365,84 K

Komponen A B C D μ (cP)
CH3OH (l) -9,06E+00 1,25E+03 2,24E-02 -2,35E-05 0,2572
C4H6O2 (l) -1,22E+01 1,69E+03 2,86E-02 -2,63E-05 0,2263
H2O (l) -1,02E+01 1,79E+03 1,77E-02 -1,26E-05 0,3018
μ rerata dalam umpan menara :
Komponen XF μF (cP) αF XF μF αF
CH3OH (l) 0,0007 0,2572 3,5952 0,0007
C4H6O2 (l) 0,4940 0,2263 1,8800 0,2102
H2O (l) 0,5053 0,3018 1,0000 0,1525
Total 1,0000 0,3633
E O = 51 − 32,5 × Log μa αa
= 51 − 32,5 × Log 0,363
= 51 − 32,5 × -0,44
= 65,29 %
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12. Jumlah Plate Aktual

𝑁𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙
𝑁𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 =
𝑒𝑓𝑓
Keterangan :
Eff = Efisiensi plate
N aktual = Jumlah plate aktual
N ideal = Jumlah plate ideal
Maka :
16
N aktual =
0,65
= 24,51 ≈ 25 plate (tidak dengan reboiler)
13. Letak Plate Umpan

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan Kirk Bridge,
Towler, G, Ray Sinnott, Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, San Diego, 2008, hal 676
2
𝑁𝑟 𝐵 𝑥𝑓,ℎ𝑘 𝑥𝐵,𝑙𝑘
log = 0,206 log
𝑁𝑠 𝐷 𝑥𝑓,𝑙𝑘 𝑥𝐷,ℎ𝑘
Keterangan : Indeks :
B = Kecepatan mol bottom (kmol/jam) B = Bottom
D = Kecepatan mol distilat (kmol/jam) D = Distilat
Nr = Jumlah plate pada seksi rectifying F = Feed
Ns = Jumlah plate pada seksi stripping hk = Heavy Key
lk = Light Key
2
𝑁𝑟 44,33 0,505 0,005
log = 0,206 log
𝑁𝑠 44,83 0,494 0,021
= -0,2561
Nr
= 10 -0,2561 = 0,55
Ns
Nr = 0,55 × Ns
Nr + Ns = 25
0,55 Ns + Ns = 25
1,55 Ns = 25
25
Ns =
1,55
Ns = 16,08 ≈ 16
Nr = 25 − 16 = 9
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Maka diperoleh jumlah plate teoritis :

Seksi rectifying = 9 plate
Seksi stripping = 16 plate
Reboiler = 1 plate
14. Tegangan Permukaan

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan :
𝑛
𝑇
෍=𝐴 1−
𝑇𝑐
Keterangan :
σ = Tegangan permukaan (N / m)
tho a, b, c, d, e = Konstanta
T = Suhu operasi (K)
Tc = Suhu kritis (K)
Persamaan data diperoleh dari yaws :
Komponen A Tc n
CH3OH (l) 68,329 512,58 1,2222
C4H6O2 (l) 58,83 536 1,092
H2O (l) 132,674 647,13 0,955
1. Perhitungan tegangan permukaan (σ) atas

T = 354,28 K
Komponen Xi Sigma xi × Sigma
CH3OH (l) 0,0014 24,82 0,0359
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9777 21,40 20,9207
H2O (l) 0,0209 58,04 1,2133
Total 1,0000 104,27 22,1699
σ atas = 22,17 mN = 0,0222 N/m
m
2. Perhitungan tegangan permukaan (σ) bawah
T = 377,87 K
Komponen Xi Sigma xi × Sigma
CH3OH (l) 0,0000 21,26 0,0003
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0050 18,67 0,0927
H2O (l) 0,9950 53,30 53,0392
Total 1,0000 93,23 53,1323
σ atas = 53,13 mN = 0,0531 N/m
m
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15. Dimensi Menara

Dihitung berdasarkan kecepatan flooding , kondisi dievaluasi pada puncak menara dan
dasar menara.
a. Puncak Menara
Sketsa Permasalahan
Poperasi = 1,00 atm = 1,01 bar
Tuap = 81,28 ℃ = 354,28 K
Tcairan = 80,59 ℃ = 353,59 K
Neraca massa :
V1 = Lo + D
V2 = L1 + D
V3 = L2 + D
Vn = Ln-1 + D
Vn + 1 = Ln + D
Untuk aliran konstan molal :
V = V1 = V2 = V3 = Vn = Vn+1
L0 = L1 = L2 = L3 = Ln = L
Neraca komponen pada puncak menara :

Vy 1,l = Lx 0,1 + Dxd i
Keterangan :
D = Kecepatan mol distilat (kmol/jam)
V = Kecepatan mol uap (kmol/jam)
xo = Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen pada cairan reflux
xd = Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen pada distilat
V = Lo + D
Lo = Rop
D
V = (Rop + 1) D
V = 2,58 + 1 × 44,83 kmol/jam
= 160,51 kmol/jam
Fraksi mol uap = fraksi mol distilat karena kondensor total, maka komposisi uap
dapat dihitung menggunakan persamaan Vi = Xi V
V = Kecepatan mol uap total (kmol/jam)
Vi = Kecepatan mol masing-masing komponen (kmol/jam)
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Xi = Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen

V = 160,51 kmol/jam
Komponen BM Xi (mol) kmol/jam Kg/jam Xi (massa)

CH3OH (l) 32 0,0014 0,23 7,42 0,0005
C4H6O2 (l) 86 0,9777 156,92 13.495,03 0,9950
H2O (l) 18 0,0209 3,36 60,39 0,0045
Total 1,0000 160,51 13.562,85 1,0000
Komposisi Fase Cair :

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan Li = Vi - Di
Li = Kecepatan mol masing-masing komponen (kmol/jam)
Komponen BM Li , kmol/jam Xi (mol) kg/jam Xi (massa)

CH3OH (l) 32 0,17 0,0014 5,35 0,0005
C4H6O2 (l) 86 113,09 0,9777 9.726,09 0,9950
H2O (l) 18 2,42 0,0209 43,52 0,0045
Total 115,68 1,0000 9.774,97 1,0000
Tinjauan Fase Uap

Toperasi = 81,28 ℃ = 354,28 K
Massa Molekul Campuran :

Kecepatan massa uap total
Mwv =
Kecepatan mol uap total
13.562,85 kg/jam
=
160,51 kmol/jam
= 84,50 kg/kmol
Rapat Massa Fase Uap :

Didekati menggunakan persamaan gas ideal :
Mwv × Pt
ρg =
Rg × T
Keterangan :
ρg = Rapar massa fase uap (kg/m3)
Mwv = Massa molekul uap (kg/kmol)
Pt = Tekanan total (bar)
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Rg = Konstanta gas ideal (m3bar/kmol.K)

Maka :
84,50 kg/kmol × 1,01 bar
ρg = 3
0,0821 m bar/kmol.K × 354,28 K
85,62
=
29,09
= 2,94 kg/m3
Tinjauan Fase Cair

Toperasi = 80,59 ℃ = 353,59 K
Rapat Massa Fase Uap :

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan Yaws, 1999 :
ρ = A*B^-(1-T/Tc)^n
3
Komponen A B n Tc ρ (kg/m )
CH3OH (l) 2,72E-01 2,72E-01 2,33E-01 5,13E+02 732,86
C4H6O2 (l) 3,22E-01 2,55E-01 2,86E-01 5,36E+02 876,91
H2O (l) 3,47E-01 2,74E-01 2,86E-01 6,47E+02 975,06
Komponen Massa ρl (kg/m3) M/ ρ

CH3OH (l) 5,35 732,86 0,01
C4H6O2 (l) 9.726,09 876,91 11,09
H2O (l) 43,52 975,06 0,04
Total 9.774,97 11,14
Kecepatan massa total

ρl =
Kecepatan volume total
9.774,97 kg/jam
= 3
11,14 m /jam
= 877,21 kg/m3
Tegangan Muka
4
𝜏 = ෍ 𝑋𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑖 𝜏𝑖
𝑖=1
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
෍
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
𝑖=1
Keterangan :
τ = Tegangan muka (dyne/cm)
Xmassa = Fraksi massa indeks
i = Komponen
Komponen kg/jam Xmassa τ Xmassa . τ
CH3OH (l) 5,35 0,0005 24,82 0,01
C4H6O2 (l) 9.726,09 0,9950 21,40 21,29
H2O (l) 43,52 0,0045 58,04 0,26
Total 9.774,97 1,000 104,27 21,56
Parameter Flooding
0,5
𝐿 𝜌𝑔
𝐹𝑙𝑣 =
𝑉 𝜌𝑙
(Towler. G, Ray Sinnot, Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, San Diego, 2008, hal 720)
Keterangan :
L = Kecepatan massa fase cair (kg/jam)
V = Kecepatan massa fase gas (kg/jam)
ρg = Rapat massa fase uap (kg/m3)
ρl = Rapat massa fase cair (kg/m3)
9.774,97 kg/jam 2,94 kg/m3 0,5

Flv = × ( )
13.562,85 kg/jam 877,21 kg/m4
= 0,0418
Parameter kecepatan flooding diperoleh dari fig. 11.29 :
________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Dicoba jarak antar plate (tray spacing ) adalah 0,45 m

Dari Figure 11.29 diatas, diperoleh K1 = 0,0805 m/s
Kecepatan Uap Maksimum

0,5 0,2
𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑔 𝜏
𝑈𝑓 = 𝐾1
𝜌𝑔 20 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚
Merupakan adaptasi dari persamaan 11,81. Towler, dan Sinnot, halaman 720
Keterangan :
K1 = Parameter kecepatan flooding (m/s)
Uf = Kecepatan uap maksimum (m/s)
877,21 kg/m3 - 2,94 kg/m3 21,56 dyne/cm

Uf = 0,0805 m/s (
3
)0,5( )0,2
2,94 kg/m 20 dyne/cm
= 1,41 m/s
Kecepatan Volume Uap

Kecepatan massa uap
Q uap =
Rapat massa uap
13.562,85 kg/jam × jam/3600 s
=
2,94 kg/m3
= 1,28 m3/s
Luas Penampang menara :

Sieve tray, dapat digambarkan dibawah ini.
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Luasan yang ditempati oleh Downcomer berkisar 10 - 20% dari luasan menara
Dirancang : Downcomer menempati 20% dari luas total
Kecepatan Operasi Uap

Berkisar antara 60 - 80% kecepatan linier maksimum (Towler and Sinnot, hal. 720)
Dirancang : 80% kecepatan minimum
Uop = 80% × 1,41 m/s

= 1,13 m/s
Luas Area
Net Area (An)
Quap
An =
80% Uop
1,28 m3/s
=
80% 1,13 m/s
2
= 1,42 m
Keterangan :
An = Luas penampang (m2)
Quap = Kecepatan volume uap (m3/s)
Uop = Kecepatan linier uap (m/s)
Luas Downcomer (At) adalah 20% dari luar total

An
At =
1 − 0,2
2
1,42 m
=
1 − 0,2
= 1,77 m2
Diameter Menara
4 × 𝐴𝑡
𝐷𝑡 =
𝜋
4 × 1,77 m2
= ( )0,5
3,14
= 1,50 m
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Perancangan Plate
Diameter column (Dc) = 1,50 m
Luas penampang column (At) = 1,77 m2
Luas downcomer (Ad) = 20% × At

= 20% × 1,77 m2
= 0,35 m2
Luas net area (An) = 1,42 m2
Luas area aktif (Aa) = At − 2 × Ad
2 2
= 1,77 m − 2 × 0,35 m
2
= 1,06 m
Luas hole area (Ah) = 5% × Aa
= 0,05 × 1,06 m2
= 0,05 m2
b. Dasar Menara
Sketsa Permasalahan :
Keterangan :
L1 = Kecepatan massa cairan (kg/jam)
V0 = Kecepatan massa uap (kg/jam)
B = Kecepatan massa residu (kg/jam)
Xi = Fraksi mol pada fase cair
Yi = Fraksi mol pada fase uap
Xb = Fraksi mol masing-masing komponenpada residu
Kondisi Operasi :
Suhu Residu (keluar Reboiler) = 104,87 ℃ = 377,871 K
Tekanan Operasi = 1,18 atm = 1,20 bar
________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Komposisi hasil bawah menara distilasi :

Komponen BM kmol/jam Xi (mol) kg/jam Xi (massa)
CH3OH (l) 32 0,00 0,0000 0,02 0,0000
C4H6O2 (l) 86 0,22 0,0050 18,94 0,0233
H2O (l) 18 44,11 0,9950 794,00 0,9767
Total 44,33 1,0000 812,96 1,0000
Menentukan komposisi uap yang keluar dari Reboiler (V0) :

Kecepatan mol V0 = Kecepatan mol V1, karena aliran konstan molal
Maka V0 = 160,51 kmol/jam
Komposisi uap terdiri dari :

Komponen BM Xi (mol) kmol/jam Kg/jam Xi (massa)
CH3OH (l) 32 0,0000 0,00 0,08 0,0000
C4H6O2 (l) 86 0,0050 0,80 68,57 0,0233
H2O (l) 18 0,9950 159,71 2.874,71 0,9767
Total 1,0000 160,51 2.943,36 1,0000
Komposisi fase cair masuk Reboiler :

Dihitung dari neraca massa, Li = Vi + Bi
Bi = Kecepatan massa residu reboiler (kmol/jam)
Li = Kecepatan massa fase cair masuk reboiler (kmol/jam)
Vi = Keceparan massa fase uap keluar reboiler (kmol/jam)
Komponen BM Li , kmol/jam Xi (mol) kg/jam Xi (massa)

CH3OH (l) 32 0,00 0,0000 0,10 0,0000
C4H6O2 (l) 86 1,02 0,0050 87,51 0,0233
H2O (l) 18 203,82 0,9950 3.668,72 0,9767
Total 204,84 1,0000 3.756,32 1,0000
Suhu Masuk Reboiler

Dihitung secara iterasi sampai diperoleh ∑yi = ∑ki × xi = 1
Tdidih = 104,87 ℃ = 377,87 K
Ptotal = 1,20 bar = 900,00 mmHg
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__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Komponen X i (mol) P uap Ki = P uap /P tot yi = k i × x i

CH3OH (l) 0,0000 3.063,14 3,40 0,0001
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0050 1.541,77 1,71 0,0085
H2O (l) 0,9950 896,72 1,00 0,9914
Total 1,0000 5.501,64 6,11 1,0000
Tinjauan Fase Uap

Poperasi = 1,20 bar
Toperasi = 104,87 ℃ = 377,87 K
Massa Molekul Campuran :

Kecepatan massa uap total 2.943,36 kg/jam
Mwv = =
Kecepatan mol uap total 160,51 kmol/jam
= 18,34 kg/kmol
Rapat Massa Uap :

Didekati menggunakan persamaan gas ideal
Mwv × Pt
ρg =
Rg × T
Keterangan :
ρg = Rapar massa fase uap (kg/m3)
Mwv = Massa molekul uap (kg/kmol)
Pt = Tekanan total (bar)
Rg = Konstanta gas ideal (m3bar/kmol.K)
Maka :
18,34 kg/kmol × 1,20 bar
ρg =
0,0821 m3bar/kmol.K × 377,87 K
22,00
=
31,02
= 0,71 kg/m3
Tinjauan Fase Cair

Poperasi = 1,20 bar
Toperasi = 104,87 ℃ = 377,87 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Rapat Massa Fase Cair :

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan Yaws, 1999 :
ρ = A*B^-(1-T/Tc)^n
3
Komponen A B n Tc ρ (kg/m )
CH3OH (l) 0,2720 0,2719 0,2331 512,58 705,84
C4H6O2 (l) 0,3215 0,2553 0,2857 536,00 842,42
H2O (l) 0,3471 0,2740 0,2857 647,13 950,83
Komponen Massa ρl (kg/m3) M/ ρ

CH3OH (l) 0,10 705,84 0,00
C4H6O2 (l) 87,51 842,42 0,10
H2O (l) 3.668,72 950,83 3,86
Total 3.756,32 3,96
Kecepatan massa total

ρl =
Kecepatan volume total
3.756,32 kg/jam
=
3,96 m3/jam
= 947,98 kg/m3
Tegangan Muka
4
𝜏 = ෍ 𝑋𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑖 𝜏𝑖
𝑖=1
Keterangan :
Xmassa = Fraksi massa indeks
i = Komponen
Komponen kg/jam Xmassa τ Xmassa . τ

CH3OH (l) 0,10 0,0000 21,26 0,00
C4H6O2 (l) 87,51 0,0233 18,67 0,43
H2O (l) 3.668,72 0,9767 53,30 52,06
Total 3.756,32 1,0000 93,23 52,50
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Parameter Flooding
0,5
𝐿 𝜌𝑔
𝐹𝑙𝑣 =
𝑉 𝜌𝑙
(Towler. G, Ray Sinnot, Chemical Engineering Design, Elsevier, San Diego, 2008, hal 720)
Keterangan :
L = Kecepatan massa fase cair (kg/jam)
V = Kecepatan massa fase gas (kg/jam)
3.756,322 kg/jam 0,7093 kg/m3

Flv = × (
3
)0,5
2.943,360 kg/jam 948,0 kg/m
= 0,0349
Parameter kecepatan flooding diperoleh dari fig. 11.29 :
Dicoba jarak antar plate (tray spacing ) adalah 0,45 m

Dari Figure 11.29 diatas, diperoleh K1 = 0,082 m/s
Kecepatan Uap Maksimum

0,5 0,2
𝜌𝑙 − 𝜌𝑔 𝜏
𝑈𝑓 = 𝐾1
𝜌𝑔 20 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒/𝑐𝑚
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Merupakan adaptasi dari persamaan 11,81. Towler, dan Sinnot, halaman 720
Keterangan :
K1 = Parameter kecepatan flooding (m/s)
Uf = Kecepatan uap maksimum (m/s)
947,98 kg/m3 - 0,71 kg/m3 52,497 dyne/cm

Uf = 0,082 m/s ( 3
)0,5( )0,2
0,71 kg/m 20 dyne/cm
= 3,63 m/s
Kecepatan Volume Uap

Kecepatan massa uap
Q uap =
Rapat massa uap
2.943,36 kg/jam × jam/3600 s
=
0,71 kg/m3
= 1,15 m3/s
Luas Penampang menara :

Sieve tray, dapat digambarkan dibawah ini.
Luasan yang ditempati oleh Downcomer berkisar 10 - 20% dari luasan menara
Dirancang : Downcomer menempati 20% dari luas total
Kecepatan Operasi Uap

Berkisar antara 60 - 80% kecepatan linier maksimum (Towler and Sinnot, hal. 720)
Dirancang : 80% kecepatan minimum
Uop = 80% × 3,63 m/s
= 2,91 m/s
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Luas Area
Net Area (An)
Quap 1,15 m3/s
An = =
80% Uop 80% 2,91 m/s
2
= 0,50 m
Keterangan :
An = Luas penampang (m2)
Quap = Kecepatan volume uap (m3/s)
Uop = Kecepatan linier uap (m/s)
Luas Downcomer (At) adalah 20% dari luar total

An
At =
1 − 0,2
0,50 m2
=
1 − 0,2
= 0,62 m2
Diameter Menara
4 × 𝐴𝑡
𝐷𝑡 =
𝜋
4 × 0,62 m2 0,5
= ( )
3,14
= 0,89 m
Perancangan Plate
2
Luas penampang column (At) = 0,62 m
Luas downcomer (Ad) = 20% × At
= 20% × 0,62 m2
= 0,12 m2
Luas area aktif (Aa) = At − 2 × Ad
2
= 0,62 m − 2 × 0,12 m2
= 0,37 m2
Luas hole area (Ah) = 5% × Aa
= 0,05 × 0,37 m2
= 0,02 m2
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Dengan demikian, maka diambil diameter menara atas dikarenakan diameter yang
paling besar dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut :
Luas penampang column (At) = 1,77 m2
2
Luas downcomer (Ad) = 0,35 m
Luas area aktif (Aa) = 1,06 m2
Luas hole area (Ah) = 0,05 m2
16. Evaluasi Seksi Rectifying (Menara Atas)

Tekanan : Ptotal = 1,01 bar
Suhu uap, Tdew = 354,28 K
a. Perancangan Plate (Tray )
Data lubang perforated dan tebal tray :
Diameter lubang perforated berkisar antara 1/16 − 1 in dan tebal tray berkisar antara
12 − 16 Gage (Kister, H.Z., 1991, halaman 146-148)
Dipilih diameter lubang perforated, D0 = 3/16 in = 5 mm = 0,005 m
Tebal tray dipilih 12 Gage = 5 mm (Towler and Sinnot, 2008, Chemical Engineering
Design Principles, New York : Mc Graw Hill, halaman 727)
Lubang perforated disusun secara triangular dengan pitch = 4 D0
Pitch berkisar antara 2 − 4 D0 (Towler and Sinnot, halaman 727)
3 0,0254 m
D0 = in × = 0,0048 m
16 1 in
Pitch = 4 × D0 = 4 × 0,0048 m = 0,0191 m
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Luas lubang perforated total/hole area (Ah)

D0 m 2
Ah = Aa × ( )
Pitch m
0,0048 m
= 1,06 m2 × ( )2
0,0191 m
2
= 0,07 m
Ah = Luas lubang perforated total (m2)

D0 = Diameter lubang perforated (m)
Pitch = Jarak antar 2 lubang perforated (m)
Mencari Panjang dan Tinggi Weir

Berdasarkan literatur, panjang Weir normalnya berkisar antara 0,6 - 0,85 dari diameter
column (Dc), maka dipilih 0,75 (Coulson & Richardson, 1999)
Lweir = 0,75 × Dc
= 0,75 × 1,50 m
= 1,13 m
Untuk kolom yang beroperasi diatas tekanan atmosferik, tinggi Weir normalnya berada
pada kisaran 40 - 90 mm
Dipilih : Tinggi Weir (hw) = 40 mm = 0,04 m
b. Check Weeping
Maximum liquid rate = 9.774,97 kg/jam
3600 detik/jam
= 2,72 kg/detik
Minimum liquid rate = 0,8 × 2,72 kg/detik
= 2,17 kg/detik
Lweir = 1,13 m
Maximum how :
Lw
how max = 750 ( )2/3
ρL × L weir
2,72
= 750 ( )2/3
877,21 × 1,13
= 14,70 mm
= 0,01 m
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Minimum how :
Lw
how min = 750 ( )2/3
ρL × L weir
2,17 2/3
= 750 ( )
877,21 × 1,13
= 12,67 mm
= 0,01 m
Pada kecepatan minimum = hw + how = 40 + 12,67 mm

= 52,67 mm
Berdasarkan figure 11.32 (Coulson & Richardson), diperoleh harga K2 = 30,15
Dari persamaan 11.84 (Towler and Sinnot) :

( K2 − 0,9 ( 25,4 − dh ))
Uh = 0,5
(ρ V )
( 30,15 − 0,9 ( 25,4 − 5 ))
=
0,5
2,94
= 6,87 m/detik
Keterangan :
Uh = Vapor velocity through the holes (m/s)
dh = Hole diameter (mm)
K2 = Konstanta
Kecepatan volume minimum uap = 0,8 × Qv

= 0,8 × 1,28 m3/detik
= 1,02 m3/detik
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Aktual minimum vapor velocity = Min. Vapor Rate / Ah

3 2
= 1,02 m /detik / 0,05 m
= 19,23 m/detik
Maka kecepatan aktual uap minimum > weep point
c. Pressure Drop (ΔHT)

∆
∆𝐻𝑇 = ℎ𝑜 + 𝛽 ℎ𝑜 + ℎ𝑜𝑤 + + ℎ𝜏
2
Van Winkle, M, Distillation, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1967, halaman 507
Δ HT = Pressure drop total (m)

ho = Pressure drop untuk mengatasi lubang perforated (m)
how = Tinggi cairan diatas weir (m)
hτ = Pressure drop untuk mengatasi tegangan permukaan (m)
β = Faktor aerasi
Δ = Kemiringan ketinggian cairan diatas tray
Pressure drop untuk mengatasi lubang perforated

2
𝑈ℎ 𝜌𝑣
ℎ𝑜 = 0,186
𝐶𝑜 𝜌𝑙
Van Winkle, halaman 519
Keterangan :
Co = Koefisien uap lewat lubang perforated
Uh = Kecepatan linier uap melewati lubang perforated (ft/s)
ρv = Rapat massa uap (kg/m3)
ρl = Rapat massa cair (kg/m3)
Kecepatan volume uap pada puncak menara, Qv = 1,28 m3/s

3
1,28 m /s
Uh =
0,07 m2
= 19,23 m/s
= 63,09 ft/s
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Koefisien perforated Co, diperoleh dengan bantuan figure 11.36 (Towler and Sinnot)
Tebal Plate = 5 mm
D0 = 5 mm
Tebal plate 5 mm
= = 1
D0 5 mm
Hole area 0,05 m2
= × 100% = 5,0 %
Net area 1,06 m2
Diperoleh harga C0 = 0,805

63,09 ft/s 2,94 kg/m3
ho = 0,186 × ( )2 ×
0,81 ft/s 877,21 kg/m3
= 0,186 in × 6.142 × 0,0034
= 3,83 in
= 0,10 m
Faktor Aerasi
Diperoleh dengan bantuan figure 13.16, Van Winkle, Distillation , halaman 516, tentang
hubungan antara UV (ρ V)0,5 dengan β :
FV0 = UV (ρ V)0,5
UV = QV / Aa
Keterangan :
UV = Kecepatan supervisial uap (ft/s)
ρV = Rapat massa uap (lb/ft3)
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
QV = Laju alir uap (m3/s)

Aa = Luas aktif area (m2)
Kecepatan Supervisial Uap :

3
1,28 m /s
UV =
1,06 m2
= 1,20 m/s = 3,94 ft/s
2,94 kg/m3
ρV = 3
(1 lb / 0,454 kg) × (0,3048 m / 1 ft)
3
= 0,18 lb/ft
FV0 = UV (ρ V)0,5
= 3,9429 ft/s × ( 0,1838 lb/ft3 )0,5
= 1,6903 lb0,5 ft0,5 s
Diperoleh harga β = 0,60

Kemiringan cairan diatas tray (Δ), maka kemiringan Δ dapat diabaikan (Δ = 0)
Pressure drop untuk mengatasi tegangan

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan 13.22 (Van Winkle, halaman 521)
0,04 × τ 0,04 × 22,17
hτ = =
ρl × D0 54,76 × 0,1875
= 0,0864 in
= 0,0022 m
Keterangan :
hτ = Pressure drop untuk mengatasi tegangan muka (in)
D0 = Diameter lubang perforated (in)
ρl = Rapat massa cairan (lb/ft3)
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Total Pressure Drop :

∆
2
= 0,10 m + 0,6 × ( 0,10 m + 0,01 m + 0 ) + 0,0022 m
= 0,17 m
Plate Pressure Drop :

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan,
∆𝑃𝑡 = ∆𝐻𝑡 × 𝜌𝑙 × 𝑔
= 0,17 m × 877,21 kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2
= 1.433,95 Pa
= 0,014 bar / tray
= 10,76 mmHg / tray
17. Evaluasi Seksi Stripping (Menara Bawah)

Tekanan : Ptotal = 1,20 bar
Suhu uap, Tdew = 377,87 K
Suhu didih, Tbbl = 377,87 K
a. Perancangan Plate (Tray )
Data lubang perforated dan tebal tray :
Diameter lubang perforated berkisar antara 1/16 − 1 in dan tebal tray berkisar antara
12 − 16 Gage (Kister, H.Z., 1991, halaman 146-148)
Dipilih diameter lubang perforated, D0 = 3/16 in = 5 mm = 0,005 m
Tebal tray dipilih 12 Gage = 5 mm (Towler and Sinnot, 2008, Chemical Engineering
Design Principles, New York : Mc Graw Hill, halaman 727)
Lubang perforated disusun secara triangular dengan pitch = 4 D0
Pitch berkisar antara 2 − 4 D0 (Towler and Sinnot, halaman 727)
3 0,0254 m
D0 = in × = 0,0048 m
16 1 in
Pitch = 4 × D0 = 4 × 0,0048 m = 0,0191 m
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Luas lubang perforated total/hole area (Ah)

D0 m
Ah = Aa × ( )2
Pitch m
0,0048 m
= 1,06 m2 × ( )2
0,0191 m
= 0,07 m2
Ah = Luas lubang perforated total (m2)

D0 = Diameter lubang perforated (m)
Pitch = Jarak antar 2 lubang perforated (m)
Mencari Panjang dan Tinggi Weir

Berdasarkan literatur, panjang Weir normalnya berkisar antara 0,6 - 0,85 dari diameter
column (Dc), maka dipilih 0,75 (Coulson & Richardson, 1999)
Lweir = 0,75 × Dc
= 0,75 × 1,50 m
= 1,13 m
Untuk kolom yang beroperasi diatas tekanan atmosferik, tinggi Weir normalnya berada
pada kisaran 40 - 90 mm
Dipilih : Tinggi Weir (hw) = 50 mm = 0,05 m
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b. Check Weeping
Maximum liquid rate = 3.756,32 kg/jam
3600 detik/jam
= 1,04 kg/detik
Minimum liquid rate = 0,8 × 1,04 kg/detik
= 0,83 kg/detik
Lweir = 1,13 m
Maximum how :
Lw
how max = 750 ( )2/3
ρL × L weir
1,04
= 750 ( )2/3
948,0 × 1,13
= 7,38 mm
= 0,01 m
Minimum how :
Lw
how min = 750 ( )2/3
ρL × L weir
0,83
= 750 ( )2/3
948,0 × 0,83
= 7,77 mm
= 0,01 m
Pada kecepatan minimum = hw + how = 50 + 7,77 mm

= 57,77 mm
Berdasarkan figure 11.32 (Coulson & Richardson), diperoleh harga K2 = 30,15
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Dari persamaan 11.84 (Towler and Sinnot) :

( K2 − 0,9 ( 25,4 − dh ))
Uh = 0,5
(ρ V )
( 30,15 − 0,9 ( 25,4 − 5 ))
=
0,5
0,71
= 14,00 m/detik
Keterangan :
Uh = Vapor velocity through the holes (m/s)
dh = Hole diameter (mm)
K2 = Konstanta
Kecepatan volume minimum uap = 0,8 × Qv

= 0,8 × 1,15 m3/detik
= 0,92 m3/detik
Aktual minimum vapor velocity = Min. Vapor Rate / Ah
= 0,92 m3/detik / 0,05 m2
= 17,32 m/detik
Maka kecepatan aktual uap minimum > weep point
c. Pressure Drop (ΔHT)

∆
2
Van Winkle, M, Distillation, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1967, halaman 507
Δ HT = Pressure drop total (m)

ho = Pressure drop untuk mengatasi lubang perforated (m)
how = Tinggi cairan diatas weir (m)
hτ = Pressure drop untuk mengatasi tegangan permukaan (m)
β = Faktor aerasi
Δ = Kemiringan ketinggian cairan diatas tray
Pressure drop untuk mengatasi lubang perforated

2
𝑈ℎ 𝜌𝑣
ℎ𝑜 = 0,186
𝐶𝑜 𝜌𝑙
Van Winkle, halaman 519
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Keterangan :
Co = Koefisien uap lewat lubang perforated
Uh = Kecepatan linier uap melewati lubang perforated (ft/s)
ρv = Rapat massa uap (kg/m3)
ρl = Rapat massa cair (kg/m3)
Kecepatan volume uap pada bawah menara, Qv = 1,15 m3/s

1,15 m3/s
Uh =
0,07 m2
= 17,32 m/s
= 56,82 ft/s
Koefisien perforated Co, diperoleh dengan bantuan figure 11.36 (Towler and Sinnot)
Tebal Plate = 5 mm
D0 = 5 mm
Tebal plate 5 mm
= = 1
D0 5 mm
Hole area 0,05 m2
= × 100% = 5,0 %
Net area 1,06 m2
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Diperoleh harga C0 = 0,805

3
56,82 ft/s 2
0,71 kg/m
ho = 0,186 × ( ) ×
0,81 ft/s 947,98 kg/m3
= 0,186 in × 4.982 × 0,0007
= 0,69 in
= 0,02 m
Faktor Aerasi
Diperoleh dengan bantuan figure 13.16, Van Winkle, Distillation , halaman 516, tentang
0,5
hubungan antara UV (ρ V) dengan β :
0,5
FV0 = UV (ρ V)
UV = QV / Aa
Keterangan :
UV = Kecepatan supervisial uap (ft/s)
ρV = Rapat massa uap (lb/ft3)
QV = Laju alir uap (m3/s)
Aa = Luas aktif area (m2)
Kecepatan Supervisial Uap :

1,15 m3/s
UV =
1,06 m2
= 1,08 m/s = 3,55 ft/s
0,71 kg/m3
ρV =
(1 lb / 0,454 kg) × (0,3048 m / 1 ft)3
= 0,04 lb/ft3
FV0 = UV (ρ V)0,5
= 3,55 ft/s × ( 0,04 lb/ft3 )0,5
0,75 0,5 0,5
= lb ft s
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Diperoleh harga β = 0,65

Kemiringan cairan diatas tray (Δ), maka kemiringan Δ dapat diabaikan (Δ = 0)
Pressure drop untuk mengatasi tegangan

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan 13.22 (Van Winkle, halaman 521)
0,04 × τ 0,04 × 53,13
hτ = =
ρl × D0 59,18 × 0,1875
= 0,1915 in
= 0,0049 m
Keterangan :
hτ = Pressure drop untuk mengatasi tegangan muka (in)
D0 = Diameter lubang perforated (in)
ρl = Rapat massa cairan (lb/ft3)
Total Pressure Drop :

∆
2
= 0,02 m + 0,7 × ( 0,02 m + 0,01 m + 0 ) + 0,0049 m
= 0,0387 m
Plate Pressure Drop :

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan,
∆𝑃𝑡 = ∆𝐻𝑡 × 𝜌𝑙 × 𝑔
= 0,0387 m × 947,98 kg/m3 × 9,8 m/s2
= 359,71 Pa
= 0,0036 bar / tray
= 2,70 mmHg / tray
18. Koreksi Kondisi Operasi Menara

Tekanan Puncak, Ppuncak = 1,00 atm = 760 mmHg
Suhu Puncak, Tpuncak = 81,28 ℃ = 354,28 K
Tekanan Umpan, Pumpan = Tekanan Puncak + ΔP Rectifying
= 1,00 atm + 0,0143 atm/tray × 9 tray
= 1,00 atm + 0,13 atm
= 1,13 atm
= 858,08 mmHg
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Suhu Umpan, Tumpan = 93,65 ℃ = 366,65 K

Menggunakan trial dan error pada suhu umpan agar ∑yi = ∑xi × ki
Komponen F Xi P° K Yi
CH3OH (l) 0,07 0,001 2,15,E+03 2,50,E+00 0,002
C4H6O2(l) 44,05 0,494 1,12,E+03 1,31,E+00 0,645
H2O(l) 45,05 0,505 6,00,E+02 6,99,E-01 0,353
Total 89,16 1,000 1,00
Tekanan Bawah, Pbawah = Tekanan Umpan + ΔP Stripping

= 1,13 atm + 0,0143 atm/tray × 16 tray
= 1,13 atm + 0,23 atm
= 1,36 atm
= 1.032 mmHg
Suhu Bawah, Tbawah = 108,88 ℃ = 381,88 K

Menggunakan trial dan error pada suhu bawah agar ∑yi = ∑xi × ki
Komponen B Xi P° K Yi
CH3OH (l) 0,00 0,000 3,46,E+03 3,35,E+00 0,000
C4H6O2(l) 0,22 0,005 1,72,E+03 1,67,E+00 0,008
H2O(l) 44,11 0,995 1,03,E+03 9,96,E-01 0,991
Total 44,33 1,000 1,000
19. Desain Menara Distilasi

Digunakan bahan Stainless Steel SA 167 tipe 316 (Brownell & Young, 1959, halaman 342)
Tekanan Design, PDesign = Tekanan operasi × 1,2
= 1,36 atm × 1,2
= 1,63 atm
= 23,96 psi
Allowable Stress (f ) = 18.750 psi
Effisiensi Sambungan (e) = 0,8
Faktor Korosi (c) = 0,125 in
Diameter menara (Dc) = 1,50 m
Jari-jari menara (ri) = 0,75 m
= 29,60 in
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a. Menentukan Tebal Shell

Digunakan bahan Stailess Stell SA 167 type 316
Tebal Shell :
P × ri
t shell = + c
(f × e) − (0,6 × P)
23,96 psi × 29,60 in
= + 0,125 in
18.750 psi × 0,8 − 0,6 × 23,96 psi
= 0,1723 in
Dipilih tebal shell standar yaitu 3 / 16 in = 0,1875 in
OD standar = 60 in
ID standar = OD standar - (2 × t shell )
= 60 in − ( 2 × 0,1875 in )
= 60 in − 0,3750 in
= 59,63 in
b. Menentukan Tebal Head

Bentuk Head : Torispherical flanged and dished head, karena tekanan < 15 bar. Dari tabel
5.7. (Brownell & Young, 1959, hal. 90)
Didapatkan data tebal head sebagai berikut :

icr = 3,625 in
rc = 60 in
Tebal head dihitung menggunakan persamaan 13.12. Brownell & Young, 1959, hal. 258
0,885 × P × rc
t head = + c
(f × e) − (0,1 × P)
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0,885 × 23,96 psi × 60 in

= + 0,125 in
18.750 psi × 0,8 − 0,1 × 23,96 psi
= 0,2098 in
Dipilih tebal head standar yaitu 1 / 4 in = 0,25 in
c. Menentukan Tinggi Head
Gambar. Flanged and Dished Head (Torispherical)

Keterangan :
icr = Inside - Corner Radius
sf = Straight Flange
r = Radius of Dish
OD = Outside Diameter
b = Depth of Dish (Inside)
a = Inside Radius
ID = Inside Diameter
Dari Tabel 5.6, Hal 88, Brownell and Young, didapatkan Straight Flange (sf ) yaitu
sebesar :
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t head = 0,25 in
1 1
sf = 1 ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎 2 𝑖𝑛
2 2
maka sf dipilih sebesar = 2 in = 0,17 ft = 0,05 m
𝐼𝐷 59,63
a = = = 29,81 in
2 2
AB = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑐𝑟
= 29,81 in − 3,625 in
= 26,19 in
BC = 𝑟 − 𝑖𝑐𝑟
= 60,00 in − 3,625 in
= 56,38 in
AC = (𝐵𝐶)2 −(𝐴𝐵)2
= (56,38)2 −(26,19)2
= 49,92 in
b = 𝑟 − 𝐴𝐶
= 60,00 in − 49,92 in
= 10,08 in
OA = 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏 + 𝑠𝑓
= 0,25 in + 10,08 in + 2,00 in
= 12,33 in
= 1,03 ft
= 0,31 m
Maka, diperoleh tinggi head (H Head ) = 0,31 m
d. Menentukan Tinggi Menara Distilasi

Ht = H1 + H2 + H3 + H4
Keterangan :
Ht = Tinggi total (m)
H1 = Tinggi penyangga (m)
H2 = Tinggi ruang kosong bawah (m)
H3 = Tinggi tray (m)
H4 = Tinggi ruang kosong atas (m)
Dirancang, Tinggi penyangga (H 1 ) = 2 m
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Tinggi Ruang Kosong Bawah (H 2 )

Dihitung berdasarkan Kister, H.Z., Distillation Operation, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1991
halaman 84
Sketsa :
Untuk menghitung tinggi ruang kosong bawah, maka perlu dihitung tinggi cairan dan
diameter pipa.
Tinggi cairan dihitung menggunakan persamaan :
At = Luas penampang menara (m2)

Hl = Tinggi cairan (m)
Ll = Kecepatan volume cairan (m3/s)
Vl = Volume cairan (m3)
θ = Waktu tinggal cairan (s)
Waktu tinggal cairan :

Diprediksi berdasarkan Kister, H.Z., Distillation Operations, Mc Graw Hill. New York,
1991, halaman 93.
Diperoleh waktu tinggal, θ = 2 menit
L1 = 3.756,32 kg/jam
ρl 3
= 947,98 kg/m
3.756,322 kg/jam × Jam/60 menit

Vl = × 2 menit = 0,13 m3
947,978 kg/m3
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0,13 m3
Hl = = 0,07 m
2
1,77 m
Diameter Nozle Untuk Uap

D nozle = 4 × 𝐴𝑝
𝜋
Keterangan :
Ap = Luas penampang pipa nozle (m2)
D nozle = Diameter pipa nozle (m)
Adapun luas penampang pipa nozle dihitung menggunakan persamaan :

Qv
Ap =
V lin
Keterangan :
Qv = Kecepatan uap (m3/s)
V lin = Kecepatan linear fluida masuk dalam nozle (m/s)
Kecepatan Linear Fluida

Dihitung menggunakan persamaan : Kister, H.Z., Distilation Operations, 1911, halaman 86
V lin = 4000
𝜌𝑚
Keterangan :
V lin = Kecepatan linear fluida masuk dalam nozle (ft/s)
ρm = Rapat massa campuran (lb/ft3)
Rapat Massa Campuran

100%
ρm =
% uap / ρ v + % cair / ρ l
Keterangan :
ρv = Rapat massa uap (lb/ft3)
ρl = Rapat massa cair (lb/ft3)
ρm = Rapat massa campuran (lb/ft3)
Dikarenakan fluida yang mengalir dalam nozzle merupakan uap yang berasal dari reboiler,
maka % cair = 0% dan % uap = 100%
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ρv = 0,71 kg/m3
3
= 0,04 lb/ft
100%
ρm =
100% × 0,04 lb/ft3 + 0% × 59,18 lb/ft3
3
= 0,04 lb/ft
4000
V lin = ( )0,5
0,04
= 300,56 ft/s
= 91,61 m/s
3
1,15 m /s
Ap =
91,61 m/s
2
= 0,01 m
4 × 0,01 m2
D nozle = ( )0,5
3,14
= 0,13 m
= 4,98 in
Pipa Nozzle Standar

Dipilih berdasarkan tabel 13, Peters. M.S, K.D. Timmerhaus, Plant Design And Economic
for Chemical Engineers, Ed. 4, Mc Graw Hill, New York, 1991, halaman 888
Dirancang :
8 in NPS, Sch.
Diameter luar pipa, OD :

= 8,625 in
= 0,2191 m
Diameter dalam pipa, ID :

= 7,981 in
= 0,2027 m
Maka tinggi ruang kosong bawah :

H2 = 0,07 m + ( 18 in + 12 in ) × ( 0,0254 m/in )
+ 0,2191 m
= 1,06 m
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Tinggi Tray (H3)

H 3 = (n tray - 1) × jarak antar tray
Seksi Rectifying = 9 plate

H3 = ( 9 − 1 ) × 0,45 m = 3,60 m
Seksi Stripping = 16 plate
H3 = ( 16 − 1 ) × 0,45 m = 6,75 m
Tinggi Ruang Kosong Atas (H 4 )

Tinggi ruang kosong atas dirancang (H 4 ) = 1,0 m
Tinggi Total Menara Distilasi :

Ht = H1 + H2 + H3 + H4
= 2 m + 1,06 m + 10,35 m + 1,0 m + 0,31 m

= 14,72 m
e. Menentukan Ukuran Pipa

Diameter optimum pipa berdasarkan pers. 15, Peters & Timmerhaus, halaman 496.
G
D opt = 3,9 × ( )0,45 × ρ -0,31
1000
Keterangan :
D Opt = Diameter optimum pipa (in)
G = Fluid flow rate (ft3/jam)
ρ = Fluid density (lb/ft)
Ukuran Pipa Pemasukan Umpan Menara Distilasi :

Kecepatan umpan = 10.143,11 lb/jam
Densitas umpan = 54,63 lb/ft3
D Opt = 6,58 in
Dipilih D opt standar = 7,981 in
D outside standar = 8,625 in
Ukuran Pipa Pemasukan Refluks Menara Distilasi :

Kecepatan refluks = 21.550,09 lb/jam
3
Densitas refluks = 54,76 lb/ft
D Opt = 9,23 in
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Ukuran Pipa Pemasukan Uap Reboiler :

Kecepatan uap = 6.488,99 lb/jam
Densitas uap = 0,04 lb/ft3
D Opt = 13,569 in
D outside standar = 16 in
Ukuran Pipa Pengeluaran Uap Puncak Menara Distilasi :

Kecepatan uap = 29.900,92 lb/jam
3
Densitas uap = 0,18 lb/ft
D Opt = 22,43 in
D outside standar = 24 in
Ukuran Pipa Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar Menara Distilasi :

Kecepatan cairan = 8.281,26 lb/jam
Densitas cairan = 59,18 lb/ft3
D Opt = 5,94 in
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20. Neraca Panas Menara Distilasi

Q F + Q Reb - Q Dis - Q Bot - Q Kond = 0
Keterangan :
QF = Panas yang dibawa oleh umpan (kJ/jam)
Q Reb = Beban panas reboiler (kJ/jam)
Q Dis = Bebas panas distilat (kJ/jam)
Q Bot = Beban panas bottom (kJ/jam)
Q Kond = Beban pana kondensor (kJ/jam)
Kapasitas Panas Fase Cair

298
𝑄 = ෍ 𝑛𝑖 න 𝐶𝑝𝑖 𝑑𝑇
354
𝑇 𝑇
න 𝐶𝑝𝑖 𝑑𝑇 = න (𝐴 + 𝐵𝑇 + 𝐶𝑇 2 + 𝐷𝑇 3 ) 𝑑𝑇
𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓
𝐵 2 𝐶 𝐷 4
= 𝐴 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 + 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 2 + 𝑇 3 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 3 + 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 4
2 3 4
Data diperoleh dari Yaws, C.L., Chemical Properties Handbook, 1999.

Data Kapasitas Panas (Cp f(T)) Fase Cair :
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 (J/mol.K)
Komponen
A B C D
CH3OH 40,152 3,1046,E-01 -1,0291,E-03 1,4598,E-06
C4H6O2 54,109 8,0399,E-01 -2,5149,E-03 3,3155,E-06
H2O 92,053 -3,9953,E-02 -2,1103,E-04 5,3469,E-07
Data Kapasitas Panas (Cp f(T)) Fase Gas :

Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4 (J/mol.K)
Komponen
A B C D E
CH3OH 40,046 -3,8287,E-02 2,4529,E-04 -2,1679,E-07 5,9909,E-11
C4H6O2 1,222 4,0619,E-01 -2,8529,E-04 9,7153,E-08 -1,4073,E-11
H2O 33,933 -8,4186,E-03 2,9906,E-05 -1,7825,E-08 3,6934,E-12
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Panas Laten Pengembunan / Penguapan

𝑇 𝑛
𝐻𝑉 = 𝐴 × (1 − )
𝑇𝑐
Keterangan :
A = Konstanta
HV = Panas laten (kJ/mol)
Tc = Suhu kritis (K)
Data Konstanta Panas Penguapan :

n
HV = A × (1-T/Tc)
Komponen
A Tc n
CH3OH (l) 52,723 512,58 0,377
C4H6O2 (l) 46,8 536 0,347
H2O (l) 52,053 647,13 0,321
a. Panas yang dibawa oleh umpan

𝑇 𝑇
𝐵 2 𝐶 𝐷 4
2 3 4
Data Suhu :
T = 93,65 ℃ = 366,7 K
T Ref = 25,00 ℃ = 298,0 K
Sehingga diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut :

Mol Cp i Q F = Mol .CP i
Komponen
kmol/jam kJ/kmol kJ/jam
CH3OH (l) 0,07 5.726,72 374,75
C4H6O2 (l) 44,05 11.365,01 500.573,01
H2O (l) 45,05 5.164,00 232.629,01
Total 89,16 733.576,78
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b. Panas yang dibawa oleh distilat

𝑇 𝑇
න 𝐶𝑝𝑖 𝑑𝑇 = න (𝐴 + 𝐵𝑇 + 𝐶𝑇 2 + 𝐷𝑇 3 + 𝐸𝑇 4 ) 𝑑𝑇
𝐵 2 𝐶 𝐷 4 𝐸
= 𝐴 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 + 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 2 + 𝑇 3 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 3 + 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 4 + 𝑇 5 − 𝑇𝑅𝑒𝑓 5
2 3 4 5
Data Suhu :
T = 81,28 ℃ = 354,3 K
T Ref = 25,00 ℃ = 298,0 K

Mol Cp i Q Dis = Mol .CP i
Komponen
CH3OH (l) 0,06 2.635,17 170,72
C4H6O2 (l) 43,82 5.993,90 262.681,90
H2O (l) 0,94 1.901,88 1.782,09
Total 44,83 264.634,71
c. Panas yang dibawa oleh bottom

𝑇 𝑇
𝐵 2 𝐶 𝐷 4
2 3 4
Data Suhu :
T = 108,88 ℃ = 381,9 K
T Ref = 25,00 ℃ = 298,0 K

Mol Cp i Q Bot = Mol .CP i
Komponen
CH3OH (l) 0,00 7.078,33 4,63
C4H6O2 (l) 0,22 14.054,57 3.095,18
H2O (l) 44,11 6.315,17 278.569,75
Total 44,33 281.669,56
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d. Beban Panas Reboiler

Q Reboiler = Q Sensibel + Q Laten
Beban Panas Sensibel :
𝑄𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑙 = ෍ 𝐿𝑖 𝐶𝑝𝑖 (𝑡2 − 𝑡1 )

Li Cp i dT Q Sensibel
Komponen
CH3OH (l) 0,00 1.351,60 4,09
C4H6O2 (l) 1,02 2.689,56 2.736,79
H2O (l) 203,82 1.151,17 234.628,50
Total 204,84 5.192,33 237.369,38
Beban Panas Laten :
𝑄𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛 = ෍ 𝑉𝑖 𝐻𝑉𝐴𝑃𝑖

Vi HVAP i Q Laten
Komponen
kmol/jam kj/kmol kJ/jam
CH3OH (l) 0,00 31,86 0,08
C4H6O2 (l) 0,80 30,64 24,43
H2O (l) 159,71 39,28 6.273,71
Total 160,51 101,78 6.298,21
Maka beban panas pada Reboiler :

Q Reboiler = Q Sensibel + Q Laten
= 237.369,38 + 6.298,21
= 243.667,59 kJ/jam
e. Beban Panas Kondensor

Q Kond QF + Q Reb - Q Dis - Q Bot
Q Kond = 733.576,78 + 243.667,59 - 264.634,71 - 281.669,56
= 430.940,10 kJ/jam
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f. Neraca Panas disekitar Menara Ditilasi

Masuk Keluar
Komponen
kJ/jam kJ/jam
CH3OH (l) 374,75 175,35
C4H6O2 (l) 500.573,01 265.777,07
H2O (l) 232.629,01 280.351,85
QKond 0,00 430.940,10
QReb 243.667,59 0,00
Total 977.244,37 977.244,37
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KESIMPULAN MENARA DISTILASI (MD − 02)
Fungsi : Memisahkan metil akrilat dari air sebagai produk atas menara distilasi dengan
kecepatan umpan masuk sebesar 4.600,84 Kg/jam
Jenis Alat : Plate Tower (menara distilasi dengan Sieve Tray)
Kondisi Operasi :
○ Umpan Menara
- Suhu = 93,65 ºC = 366,65 K
- Tekanan = 1,13 atm = 858,08 mmHg
○ Puncak Menara
- Suhu = 81,28 ºC = 354,28 K
- Tekanan = 1,00 atm = 760,00 mmHg
○ Dasar Menara
- Suhu = 108,88 ºC = 381,88 K
- Tekanan = 1,36 atm = 1.032 mmHg
Jumlah Plate :
- Jumlah plate minimum = 7 plate
- Jumlah plate teoritis = 16 plate
- Jumlah plate aktual = 25 plate
- Jumlah plate seksi rectifying = 9 plate
- Jumlah plate seksi stripping = 16 plate
- Efisiensi plate = 65,29 %
- Letak plate umpan = 9 dari atas
Dimensi Menara Distilasi

- Tinggi menara = 14,72 m
- Diameter menara = 1,50 m
- Tebal shell = 0,19 in
- Tebal head = 0,25 in
- Tinggi head = 0,31 m
Dimensi Pipa Input dan Output

○ Ukuran Pipa Pemasukan Umpan Menara Distilasi :
- Kecepatan umpan = 10.143,11 lb/jam
- Densitas umpan = 54,63 lb/ft3
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- D Opt = 6,58 in
- Dipilih D opt standar = 7,98 in
- D outside standar = 8,63 in
○ Ukuran Pipa Pemasukan Refluks Menara Distilasi :

- Kecepatan refluks = 21.550,09 lb/jam
- Densitas refluks = 54,76 lb/ft3
- D Opt = 9,23 in
○ Ukuran Pipa Pemasukan Uap Reboiler :

- Kecepatan uap = 6.488,99 lb/jam
- Densitas uap = 0,04 lb/ft3
- D Opt = 13,57 in
○ Ukuran Pipa Pengeluaran Uap Puncak Menara Distilasi :

- Kecepatan uap = 29.900,92 lb/jam
- Densitas uap = 0,18 lb/ft3
- D Opt = 22,43 in
○ Ukuran Pipa Pengeluaran Cairan Dasar Menara Distilasi :

- Kecepatan cairan = 8.281,26 lb/jam
- Densitas cairan = 59,18 lb/ft3
- D Opt = 5,94 in
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PERHITUNGAN PLATE TO PLATE
1. Tekanan Uap Murni

Diperoleh dari Yaws, "Chemical Engineering Properties Handbook", 1999.
𝐵
𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑃 = 𝐴 + + 𝐶 𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝑇 + 𝐷𝑇 + 𝐸𝑇 2
𝑇
Vapor Pressure (mmHg)
Tabel data nilai Antoine :
Komponen A B C D E
CH3OH (l) 4,56E+01 -3,24E+03 -1,40E+01 6,64E-03 -1,05E-13
C4H6O2 (l) 4,70E+01 -3,12E+03 -1,49E+01 7,16E-03 3,45E-14
H2O (l) 2,99E+01 -3,15E+03 -7,30E+00 2,42E-09 1,81E-06
2. Kapasitas Panas Cair

Persamaan : 𝐶𝑝𝑙 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑇 + 𝐶𝑇 2 + 𝐷𝑇 3
ket : Cp l = Kapasitas panas fasa cair (J/mol.K)
T = Suhu (K)
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 (J/mol.K)
Komponen
A B C D
CH3OH (l) 4,02E+01 3,10E-01 -1,03E-03 1,46E-06
C4H6O2 (l) 5,41E+01 8,04E-01 -2,51E-03 3,32E-06
H2O (l) 9,21E+01 -4,00E-02 -2,11E-04 5,35E-07
3. Kapasitas Panas Gas

Persamaan : 𝐶𝑝𝑔 = 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑇 + 𝐶𝑇 2 + 𝐷𝑇 3 + 𝐸𝑇 4
ket : Cp g = Kapasitas panas fasa gas (J/mol.K)
T = Suhu (K)
Cp = A + BT + CT2 + DT3 + ET4 (J/mol.K)
Komponen
A B C D E
CH3OH 4,00E+01 -3,83E-02 2,45E-04 -2,17E-07 5,99E-11
C4H6O2 1,22E+00 4,06E-01 -2,85E-04 9,72E-08 -1,41E-11
H2O 3,39E+01 -8,42E-03 2,99E-05 -1,78E-08 3,69E-12
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4. Perhitungan Menara Distilasi Plate-to-Plate

Perhitungan top-down , dengan asumsi semua zat terkondensasi total, sehingga :
Diketahui :
Pressure Drop = 0,014 atm/plate
Reflux = 2,58
Dirancang :
Jumlah Plate = 25 plate
Jumlah Plate Rectifying = 9 plate
Jumlah Plate Stripping = 16 plate
Plate Umpan = 9
Komposisi Feed
Suhu = 93,65 ℃ = 366,65 K
Tekanan = 1,13 atm = 858,08 mmHg
Laju Alir
Komponen Fraksi Mol
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
CH3OH (l) 0,07 2,09 0,0007
C4H6O2 (l) 44,05 3.787,88 0,4940
H2O (l) 45,05 810,87 0,5053
Total 89,16 4.600,84 1,0000
Komposisi Distillate
Suhu = 81,28 ℃ = 354,28 K
Laju Alir
Komponen Fraksi Mol
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
CH3OH (l) 0,06 2,07 0,0014
C4H6O2 (l) 43,82 3.768,94 0,9777
H2O (l) 0,94 16,87 0,0209
Total 44,83 3.787,88 1,0000
Komposisi Bottom
Suhu = 108,88 ℃ = 381,88 K
Laju Alir
Komponen Fraksi Mol
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
CH3OH (l) 0,00 0,02 0,0000
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C4H6O2 (l) 0,22 18,94 0,0050

H2O (l) 44,11 794,00 0,9950
Total 44,33 812,96 1,0000
Komposisi Stage 1
Suhu = 81,72 ℃ = 354,72 K
Komponen Y Li P 0i Ki X Li = Y li × K i
CH3OH (l) 0,0014 1432,9937 1,8589 0,0027
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9777 778,1012 1,0093 0,9868
H2O (l) 0,0209 378,5679 0,4911 0,0103
Total 1,0000 1,000
LD = R × D
= 2,58 × 44,83
= 115,68
V1 = (R+1) × D
= 3,58 × 44,83
= 160,51
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STAGE 1
Kondisi Operasi Stage 1

Suhu = 81,72 ℃ = 354,72 K
L0
Y2 = ( ) × (X 1 − X 0 ) + Y1
V1
L0 115,68
= = 0,7207
V1 160,51
Komponen X1 X0 Y1 Y2
CH3OH (l) 0,0027 0,0014 0,0014 0,0023
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9868 0,9777 0,9777 0,9842
H2O (l) 0,0103 0,0209 0,0209 0,0132
Total 1,000 1,0000 1,0000 1,000
Dari perhitungan diatas, didapat :

Suhu = 82,02 ℃ = 355,02 K
Komponen Y2 P 0i Ki X2 = Y2 × Ki
CH3OH (l) 0,0023 1448,18 1,8524 0,0043
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9842 785,53 1,0048 0,9889
H2O (l) 0,0132 383,13 0,4901 0,0065
Total 1,000 1,000
Neraca Panas Stage 1

H0L0 + H2V2 = H1L1 + H1V1
1. T = 81,28 ℃ = 354,28 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
Komponen XD HD HD . XD
CH3OH (l) 0,0014 2.635,17 3,81
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9777 5.993,90 5.859,95
H2O (l) 0,0209 1.901,88 39,76
Total 1,000 10.530,95 5.903,51
2. T = 81,72 ℃ = 354,72 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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Komponen X1 H1 H1 . X1
CH3OH (l) 0,0027 2.656,94 7,14
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9868 6.044,75 5.964,87
H2O (l) 0,0103 1.917,10 19,68
Total 0,9997 10.618,79 5.991,69
3. T = 82,02 ℃ = 355,02 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
Komponen Y2 H2 H2 . Y2
CH3OH (l) 0,0023 4.717,67 11,04
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9842 9.358,53 9.211,00
H2O (l) 0,0132 4.288,57 56,76
Total 0,9998 18.364,77 9.278,80
H0L0 + H2V2 = H1L1 + H1V1

682.913,98 + 9.278,80 V2 = 5.991,69 L1 + 1.489.303,2
V2 = 0,65 L1 + 86,91
Neraca Massa Stage 1

L0 + V2 = L1 + V1
115,68 + 0,65 L1 + 86,91 = L1 + 160,51
-0,35 L 1 = -42,08
L1 = 118,78
V2 = 163,61
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STAGE 2

Suhu = 82,02 ℃ = 355,02 K
L1
Y3 = ( ) × (X 2 − X 1 ) + Y2
V2
L1 118,78
= = 0,726
V2 163,61
CH3OH (l) 0,0043 0,0027 0,0023 0,0035
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9889 0,9868 0,9842 0,9858
H2O (l) 0,0065 0,0103 0,0132 0,0105
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 82,38 ℃ = 355,38 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0035 1466,61 1,8502 0,0065
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9858 794,53 1,0023 0,9881
H2O (l) 0,0105 388,68 0,4903 0,0051
Total 1,000 1,000

H1L1 + H3V3 = H2L2 + H2V2
1. T = 82,02 ℃ = 355,02 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0043 2.671,50 11,58
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9889 6.078,77 6.011,48
H2O (l) 0,0065 1.927,28 12,50
Total 1,000 10.677,55 6.035,56
2. T = 82,38 ℃ = 355,38 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,0035 4.748,65 16,79
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9858 9.420,11 9.286,28
H2O (l) 0,0105 4.315,65 45,28
Total 1,000 18.484,41 9.348,35
H1L1 + H3V3 = H2L2 + H2V2

711.708,77 + 9.348,35 V3 = 6.035,56 L2 + 1.518.098
V3 = 0,65 L2 + 86,26

L1 + V3 = L2 + V2
118,78 + 0,65 L2 + 86,26 = L2 + 163,61
-0,35 L 2 = -41,43
L2 = 116,92
V3 = 161,75
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STAGE 3

Suhu = 82,38 ℃ = 355,38 K
L2
Y4 = ( ) × (X 3 − X 2 ) + Y3
V3
L2 116,92
= = 0,7229
V3 161,75
CH3OH (l) 0,0065 0,0043 0,0035 0,0051
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9881 0,9889 0,9858 0,9852
H2O (l) 0,0051 0,0065 0,0105 0,0095
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 82,77 ℃ = 355,77 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0051 1486,62 1,8500 0,0095
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9852 804,28 1,0009 0,9860
H2O (l) 0,0095 394,72 0,4912 0,0047
Total 1,000 1,000

H2L2 + H4V4 = H3L3 + H3V3
1. T = 82,38 ℃ = 355,38 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0065 2.689,02 17,59
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9881 6.119,70 6.046,70
H2O (l) 0,0051 1.939,52 9,98
Total 1,000 10.748,23 6.074,28
2. T = 82,77 ℃ = 355,77 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,0051 4.781,93 24,54
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9852 9.486,27 9.345,61
H2O (l) 0,0095 4.344,74 41,38
Total 1,000 18.612,94 9.411,53
H2L2 + H4V4 = H3L3 + H3V3

705.682,68 + 9.411,53 V4 = 6.074,28 L3 + 1.512.072
V4 = 0,65 L3 + 85,68

L2 + V4 = L3 + V3
116,92 + 0,65 L3 + 85,68 = L3 + 161,75
-0,35 L 3 = -40,85
L3 = 115,22
V4 = 160,04
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STAGE 4

Suhu = 82,77 ℃ = 355,77 K
L3
Y5 = ( ) × (X 4 − X 3 ) + Y4
V4
L3 115,22
= = 0,7199
V4 160,04
CH3OH (l) 0,0095 0,0065 0,0051 0,0073
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9860 0,9881 0,9852 0,9837
H2O (l) 0,0047 0,0051 0,0095 0,0092
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 83,11 ℃ = 356,11 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0073 1504,45 1,8471 0,0134
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9837 812,97 0,9981 0,9819
H2O (l) 0,0092 400,10 0,4912 0,0045
Total 1,000 1,000

H3L3 + H5V5 = H4L4 + H4V4
1. T = 82,77 ℃ = 355,77 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0095 2.707,83 25,71
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9860 6.163,68 6.077,51
H2O (l) 0,0047 1.952,66 9,13
Total 1,000 10.824,17 6.112,36
2. T = 83,11 ℃ = 356,11 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,0073 4.811,30 34,92
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9837 9.544,65 9.389,02
H2O (l) 0,0092 4.370,38 40,15
Total 1,000 18.726,33 9.464,09
H3L3 + H5V5 = H4L4 + H4V4

699.848,54 + 9.464,09 V5 = 6.112,36 L4 + 1.506.238
V5 = 0,65 L4 + 85,21

L3 + V5 = L4 + V4
115,22 + 0,65 L4 + 85,21 = L4 + 160,04
-0,35 L 4 = -40,38
L4 = 114,01
V5 = 158,84
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STAGE 5

Suhu = 83,11 ℃ = 356,11 K
L4
Y6 = ( ) × (X 5 − X 4 ) + Y5
V5
L4 114,01
= = 0,7178
V5 158,84
CH3OH (l) 0,0134 0,0095 0,0073 0,0101
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9819 0,9860 0,9837 0,9807
H2O (l) 0,0045 0,0047 0,0092 0,0091
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 83,47 ℃ = 356,47 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0101 1523,14 1,8454 0,0186
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9807 822,06 0,9960 0,9767
H2O (l) 0,0091 405,76 0,4916 0,0045
Total 1,000 1,000

H4L4 + H6V6 = H5L5 + H5V5
1. T = 83,11 ℃ = 356,11 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0134 2.724,44 36,52
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9819 6.202,49 6.089,95
H2O (l) 0,0045 1.964,25 8,86
Total 1,000 10.891,18 6.135,33
2. T = 83,47 ℃ = 356,47 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,0101 4.841,79 48,73
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9807 9.605,28 9.419,94
H2O (l) 0,0091 4.397,01 39,87
Total 1,000 18.844,08 9.508,54
H4L4 + H6V6 = H5L5 + H5V5

696.896,77 + 9.508,54 V6 = 6.135,33 L5 + 1.503.286
V6 = 0,65 L5 + 84,81

L4 + V6 = L5 + V5
114,01 + 0,65 L5 + 84,81 = L5 + 158,84
-0,35 L 5 = -39,98
L5 = 112,70
V6 = 157,52
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STAGE 6

Suhu = 83,47 ℃ = 356,47 K
L5
Y7 = ( ) × (X 6 − X 5 ) + Y6
V6
L5 112,70
= = 0,7154
V6 157,52
CH3OH (l) 0,0186 0,0134 0,0101 0,0138
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9767 0,9819 0,9807 0,9771
H2O (l) 0,0045 0,0045 0,0091 0,0090
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 83,78 ℃ = 356,78 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0138 1540,01 1,8415 0,0253
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9771 830,26 0,9928 0,9700
H2O (l) 0,0090 410,87 0,4913 0,0044
Total 1,000 1,000

H5L5 + H7V7 = H6L6 + H6V6
1. T = 83,47 ℃ = 356,47 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0186 2.741,68 50,92
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9767 6.242,81 6.097,65
H2O (l) 0,0045 1.976,28 8,81
Total 1,000 10.960,77 6.157,38
2. T = 83,78 ℃ = 356,78 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,0138 4.869,09 67,01
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9771 9.659,54 9.437,86
H2O (l) 0,0090 4.420,83 39,92
Total 1,000 18.949,46 9.544,79
H5L5 + H7V7 = H6L6 + H6V6

691.438,02 + 9.544,79 V7 = 6.157,38 L6 + 1.497.827
V7 = 0,65 L6 + 84,48

L5 + V7 = L6 + V6
112,70 + 0,65 L6 + 84,48 = L6 + 157,52
-0,35 L 6 = -39,66
L6 = 111,75
V7 = 156,57
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STAGE 7

Suhu = 83,78 ℃ = 356,78 K
L6
Y8 = ( ) × (X 7 − X 6 ) + Y7
V7
L6 111,75
= = 0,7137
V7 156,57
CH3OH (l) 0,0253 0,0186 0,0138 0,0186
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9700 0,9767 0,9771 0,9722
H2O (l) 0,0044 0,0045 0,0090 0,0090
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,06 ℃ = 357,06 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0186 1555,15 1,8357 0,0341
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9722 837,60 0,9887 0,9612
H2O (l) 0,0090 415,46 0,4904 0,0044
Total 1,000 1,000

H6L6 + H8V8 = H7L7 + H7V7
1. T = 83,78 ℃ = 356,78 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0253 2.757,11 69,87
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9700 6.278,90 6.090,59
H2O (l) 0,0044 1.987,04 8,81
Total 1,000 11.023,05 6.169,28
2. T = 84,06 ℃ = 357,06 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,0186 4.893,37 90,98
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9722 9.707,80 9.438,33
H2O (l) 0,0090 4.442,00 40,04
Total 1,000 19.043,17 9.569,35
H6L6 + H8V8 = H7L7 + H7V7

688.062,44 + 9.569,35 V8 = 6.169,28 L7 + 1.494.452
V8 = 0,64 L7 + 84,27

L6 + V8 = L7 + V7
111,75 + 0,64 L7 + 84,27 = L7 + 156,57
-0,36 L 7 = -39,44
L7 = 111,01
V8 = 155,83
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STAGE 8

Suhu = 84,06 ℃ = 357,06 K
L7
Y9 = ( ) × (X 8 − X 7 ) + Y8
V8
L7 111,01
= = 0,7123
V8 155,83
CH3OH (l) 0,0341 0,0253 0,0186 0,0249
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9612 0,9700 0,9722 0,9660
H2O (l) 0,0044 0,0044 0,0090 0,0090
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,30 ℃ = 357,30 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0249 1568,06 1,8274 0,0454
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9660 843,87 0,9834 0,9500
H2O (l) 0,0090 419,39 0,4887 0,0044
Total 1,000 1,000

H7L7 + H9V9 = H8L8 + H8V8
1. T = 84,06 ℃ = 357,06 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0341 2.770,83 94,57
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9612 6.311,01 6.066,44
H2O (l) 0,0044 1.996,61 8,83
Total 1,000 11.078,44 6.169,84
2. T = 84,30 ℃ = 357,30 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,0249 4.913,93 122,13
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9660 9.748,69 9.417,24
H2O (l) 0,0090 4.459,94 40,15
Total 1,000 19.122,56 9.579,52
H7L7 + H9V9 = H8L8 + H8V8

684.824,82 + 9.579,52 V9 = 6.169,84 L8 + 1.491.214
V9 = 0,64 L8 + 84,18

L7 + V9 = L8 + V8
111,01 + 0,64 L8 + 84,18 = L8 + 155,83
-0,36 L 8 = -39,35
L8 = 110,56
V9 = 155,39
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 9

Suhu = 84,30 ℃ = 357,30 K
L8
Y 10 = ( ) × (X 9 − X 8 ) + Y9
V9
L8 110,56
= = 0,7115
V9 155,39
Komponen X9 X8 Y9 Y 10
CH3OH (l) 0,0454 0,0341 0,0249 0,0329
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9500 0,9612 0,9660 0,9580
H2O (l) 0,0044 0,0044 0,0090 0,0090
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,49 ℃ = 357,49 K
Komponen Y 10 P 0i Ki X 10 = Y 10 × K i
CH3OH (l) 0,0329 1578,22 1,8162 0,0597
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9580 848,79 0,9768 0,9357
H2O (l) 0,0090 422,48 0,4862 0,0044
Total 1,000 1,000

H8L8 + H 10 V 10 = H9L9 + H9V9
1. T = 84,30 ℃ = 357,30 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0454 2.782,45 126,37
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9500 6.338,21 6.021,27
H2O (l) 0,0044 2.004,71 8,82
Total 1,000 11.125,38 6.156,46
2. T = 84,49 ℃ = 357,49 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Komponen Y 10 H 10 H 10 . Y 10
CH3OH (l) 0,0329 4.930,03 162,12
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9580 9.780,70 9.369,85
H2O (l) 0,0090 4.473,97 40,21
Total 1,000 19.184,71 9.572,18
H8L8 + H 10 V 10 = H9L9 + H9V9

682.131,86 + 9.572,18 V 10 = 6.156,46 L9 + 1.488.521
V 10 = 0,64 L9 + 84,24

L8 + V 10 = L9 + V9
110,56 + 0,64 L9 + 84,24 = L9 + 155,39
-0,36 L 9 = -39,42
L9 = 110,46
V 10 = 155,29
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 10

Suhu = 84,49 ℃ = 357,49 K
L9
Y 11 = ( ) × (X 10 − X 9 ) + Y 10
V 10
L9 110,46
= = 0,7113
V 10 155,29
Komponen X 10 X9 Y 10 Y 11
CH3OH (l) 0,0597 0,0454 0,0329 0,0431
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9357 0,9500 0,9580 0,9479
H2O (l) 0,0044 0,0044 0,0090 0,0090
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,61 ℃ = 357,61 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0431 1585,10 1,8015 0,0776
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9479 852,12 0,9685 0,9179
H2O (l) 0,0090 424,57 0,4825 0,0043
Total 1,000 1,000

H9L9 + H 11 V 11 = H 10 L 10 + H 10 V 10
1. T = 84,49 ℃ = 357,49 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
Komponen X 10 H 10 H 10 . X 10
CH3OH (l) 0,0597 2.791,55 166,72
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9357 6.359,51 5.950,82
H2O (l) 0,0044 2.011,05 8,79
Total 1,000 11.162,11 6.126,33
2. T = 84,61 ℃ = 357,61 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,0431 4.940,88 212,76
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9479 9.802,26 9.291,08
H2O (l) 0,0090 4.483,42 40,20
Total 1,000 19.226,56 9.544,04
H9L9 + H 11 V 11 = H 10 L 10 + H 10 V 10
680.042,17 + 9.544,04 V 11 = 6.126,33 L 10 + 1.486.431
V 11 = 0,64 L 10 + 84,49

L9 + V 11 = L 10 + V 10
110,46 + 0,64 L 10 + 84,49 = L 10 + 155,29
-0,36 L 10 = -39,66
L 10 = 110,76
V 11 = 155,59
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 11

Suhu = 84,61 ℃ = 357,61 K
L 10
Y 12 = ( ) × (X 11 − X 10 ) + Y 11
V 11
L 10 110,76
= = 0,7119
V 11 155,59
Komponen X 11 X 10 Y 11 Y 12
CH3OH (l) 0,0776 0,0597 0,0431 0,0558
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9179 0,9357 0,9479 0,9352
H2O (l) 0,0043 0,0044 0,0090 0,0089
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,67 ℃ = 357,67 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0558 1588,18 1,7829 0,0994
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9352 853,61 0,9583 0,8962
H2O (l) 0,0089 425,51 0,4777 0,0043
Total 1,000 1,000

H 10 L 10 + H 12 V 12 = H 11 L 11 + H 11 V 11
1. T = 84,61 ℃ = 357,61 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0776 2.797,68 217,02
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9179 6.373,85 5.850,87
H2O (l) 0,0043 2.015,32 8,72
Total 1,000 11.186,86 6.076,61
2. T = 84,67 ℃ = 357,67 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,0558 4.945,73 275,81
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9352 9.811,91 9.175,98
H2O (l) 0,0089 4.487,65 40,10
Total 1,000 19.245,29 9.491,89
H 10 L 10 + H 12 V 12 = H 11 L 11 + H 11 V 11
678.580,77 + 9.491,89 V 12 = 6.076,61 L 11 + 1.484.970
V 12 = 0,64 L 11 + 84,96

L 10 + V 12 = L 11 + V 11
110,76 + 0,64 L 11 + 84,96 = L 11 + 155,59
-0,36 L 11 = -40,13
L 11 = 111,53
V 12 = 156,35
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 12

Suhu = 84,67 ℃ = 357,67 K
L 11
Y 13 = ( ) × (X 12 − X 11 ) + Y 12
V 12
L 11 111,53
= = 0,7133
V 12 156,35
CH3OH (l) 0,0994 0,0776 0,0558 0,0714
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8962 0,9179 0,9352 0,9197
H2O (l) 0,0043 0,0043 0,0089 0,0089
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,65 ℃ = 357,65 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0714 1587,09 1,7602 0,1256
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9197 853,09 0,9461 0,8701
H2O (l) 0,0089 425,18 0,4715 0,0042
Total 1,000 1,000

H 11 L 11 + H 13 V 13 = H 12 L 12 + H 12 V 12
1. T = 84,67 ℃ = 357,67 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0994 2.800,42 278,44
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8962 6.380,27 5.717,82
H2O (l) 0,0043 2.017,23 8,61
Total 1,000 11.197,93 6.004,88
2. T = 84,65 ℃ = 357,65 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,0714 4.944,02 352,79
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9197 9.808,51 9.020,44
H2O (l) 0,0089 4.486,16 39,90
Total 1,000 19.238,69 9.413,13
H 11 L 11 + H 13 V 13 = H 12 L 12 + H 12 V 12
677.712,73 + 9.413,13 V 13 = 6.004,88 L 12 + 1.484.102
V 13 = 0,64 L 12 + 85,67

L 11 + V 13 = L 12 + V 12
111,53 + 0,64 L 12 + 85,67 = L 12 + 156,35
-0,36 L 12 = -40,84
L 12 = 112,79
V 13 = 157,62
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 13

Suhu = 84,65 ℃ = 357,65 K
L 12
Y 14 = ( ) × (X 13 − X 12 ) + Y 13
V 13
L 12 112,79
= = 0,7156
V 13 157,62
CH3OH (l) 0,1256 0,0994 0,0714 0,0901
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8701 0,8962 0,9197 0,9010
H2O (l) 0,0042 0,0043 0,0089 0,0088
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,55 ℃ = 357,55 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0901 1581,85 1,7334 0,1562
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9010 850,55 0,9320 0,8398
H2O (l) 0,0088 423,58 0,4642 0,0041
Total 1,000 1,000

H 12 L 12 + H 14 V 14 = H 13 L 13 + H 13 V 13
1. T = 84,65 ℃ = 357,65 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1256 2.799,46 351,61
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8701 6.378,01 5.549,49
H2O (l) 0,0042 2.016,56 8,46
Total 1,000 11.194,03 5.909,56
2. T = 84,55 ℃ = 357,55 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,0901 4.935,75 444,64
C4H6O2 (l) 0,9010 9.792,07 8.822,62
H2O (l) 0,0088 4.478,95 39,60
Total 1,000 19.206,77 9.306,85
H 12 L 12 + H 14 V 14 = H 13 L 13 + H 13 V 13
677.312,14 + 9.306,85 V 14 = 5.909,56 L 13 + 1.483.701
V 14 = 0,63 L 13 + 86,64

L 12 + V 14 = L 13 + V 13
112,79 + 0,63 L 13 + 86,64 = L 13 + 157,62
-0,37 L 13 = -41,82
L 13 = 114,56
V 14 = 159,39
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 14

Suhu = 84,55 ℃ = 357,55 K
L 13
Y 15 = ( ) × (X 14 − X 13 ) + Y 14
V 14
L 13 114,56
= = 0,7188
V 14 159,39
CH3OH (l) 0,1562 0,1256 0,0901 0,1120
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8398 0,8701 0,9010 0,8792
H2O (l) 0,0041 0,0042 0,0088 0,0088
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,37 ℃ = 357,37 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1120 1571,98 1,7023 0,1907
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8792 845,77 0,9159 0,8052
H2O (l) 0,0088 420,58 0,4554 0,0040
Total 1,000 1,000

H 13 L 13 + H 15 V 15 = H 14 L 14 + H 14 V 14
1. T = 84,55 ℃ = 357,55 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1562 2.794,78 436,41
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8398 6.367,07 5.346,78
H2O (l) 0,0041 2.013,31 8,26
Total 1,000 11.175,16 5.791,46
2. T = 84,37 ℃ = 357,37 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,1120 4.920,16 551,28
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8792 9.761,07 8.581,81
H2O (l) 0,0088 4.465,36 39,19
Total 1,000 19.146,59 9.172,28
H 13 L 13 + H 15 V 15 = H 14 L 14 + H 14 V 14
676.999,93 + 9.172,28 V 15 = 5.791,46 L 14 + 1.483.389
V 15 = 0,63 L 14 + 87,92

L 13 + V 15 = L 14 + V 14
114,56 + 0,63 L 14 + 87,92 = L 14 + 159,39
-0,37 L 14 = -43,09
L 14 = 116,90
V 15 = 161,73
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 15

Suhu = 84,37 ℃ = 357,37 K
L 14
Y 16 = ( ) × (X 15 − X 14 ) + Y 15
V 15
L 14 116,90
= = 0,7228
V 15 161,73
CH3OH (l) 0,1907 0,1562 0,1120 0,1370
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8052 0,8398 0,8792 0,8542
H2O (l) 0,0040 0,0041 0,0088 0,0087
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 84,13 ℃ = 357,13 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1370 1558,94 1,6684 0,2286
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8542 839,45 0,8984 0,7674
H2O (l) 0,0087 416,62 0,4459 0,0039
Total 1,000 1,000

H 14 L 14 + H 16 V 16 = H 15 L 15 + H 15 V 15
1. T = 84,37 ℃ = 357,37 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1907 2.785,97 531,37
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8052 6.346,44 5.110,22
H2O (l) 0,0040 2.007,16 8,02
Total 1,000 11.139,58 5.649,61
2. T = 84,13 ℃ = 357,13 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,1370 4.899,42 671,41
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8542 9.719,85 8.302,86
H2O (l) 0,0087 4.447,29 38,69
Total 1,000 19.066,56 9.012,95
H 14 L 14 + H 16 V 16 = H 15 L 15 + H 15 V 15
677.036,48 + 9.012,95 V 16 = 5.649,61 L 15 + 1.483.426
V 16 = 0,63 L 15 + 89,47

L 14 + V 16 = L 15 + V 15
116,90 + 0,63 L 15 + 89,47 = L 15 + 161,73
-0,37 L 15 = -44,64
L 15 = 119,63
V 16 = 164,46
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 16

Suhu = 84,13 ℃ = 357,13 K
L 15
Y 17 = ( ) × (X 16 − X 15 ) + Y 16
V 16
L 15 119,63
= = 0,7274
V 16 164,46
CH3OH (l) 0,2286 0,1907 0,1370 0,1646
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7674 0,8052 0,8542 0,8267
H2O (l) 0,0039 0,0040 0,0087 0,0086
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 83,84 ℃ = 356,84 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1646 1543,15 1,6325 0,2687
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8267 831,78 0,8799 0,7275
H2O (l) 0,0086 411,82 0,4357 0,0038
Total 1,000 1,000

H 15 L 15 + H 17 V 17 = H 16 L 16 + H 16 V 16
1. T = 84,13 ℃ = 357,13 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,2286 2.774,25 634,31
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7674 6.319,02 4.849,44
H2O (l) 0,0039 1.999,00 7,75
Total 1,000 11.092,27 5.491,50
2. T = 83,84 ℃ = 356,84 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,1646 4.874,13 802,36
C4H6O2 (l) 0,8267 9.669,56 7.994,20
H2O (l) 0,0086 4.425,22 38,11
Total 1,000 18.968,92 8.834,67
H 15 L 15 + H 17 V 17 = H 16 L 16 + H 16 V 16
675.882,94 + 8.834,67 V 17 = 5.491,50 L 16 + 1.482.272
V 17 = 0,62 L 16 + 91,28

L 15 + V 17 = L 16 + V 16
119,63 + 0,62 L 16 + 91,28 = L 16 + 164,46
-0,38 L 16 = -46,45
L 16 = 122,75
V 17 = 167,57
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 17

Suhu = 83,84 ℃ = 356,84 K
L 16
Y 18 = ( ) × (X 17 − X 16 ) + Y 17
V 17
L 16 122,75
= = 0,7325
V 17 167,57
CH3OH (l) 0,2687 0,2286 0,1646 0,1940
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7275 0,7674 0,8267 0,7975
H2O (l) 0,0038 0,0039 0,0086 0,0085
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 83,52 ℃ = 356,52 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1940 1525,97 1,5959 0,3096
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7975 823,44 0,8612 0,6868
H2O (l) 0,0085 406,61 0,4253 0,0036
Total 1,000 1,000

H 16 L 16 + H 18 V 18 = H 17 L 17 + H 17 V 17
1. T = 83,84 ℃ = 356,84 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,2687 2.759,96 741,70
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7275 6.285,57 4.572,64
H2O (l) 0,0038 1.989,03 7,46
Total 1,000 11.034,55 5.321,80
2. T = 83,52 ℃ = 356,52 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,1940 4.846,39 940,13
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7975 9.614,42 7.667,24
H2O (l) 0,0085 4.401,02 37,50
Total 1,000 18.861,83 8.644,87
H 16 L 16 + H 18 V 18 = H 17 L 17 + H 17 V 17
674.058,43 + 8.644,87 V 18 = 5.321,80 L 17 + 1.480.448
V 18 = 0,62 L 17 + 93,28

L 16 + V 18 = L 17 + V 17
122,75 + 0,62 L 17 + 93,28 = L 17 + 167,57
-0,38 L 17 = -48,45
L 17 = 126,05
V 18 = 170,88
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 18

Suhu = 83,52 ℃ = 356,52 K
L 17
Y 19 = ( ) × (X 18 − X 17 ) + Y 18
V 18
L 17 126,05
= = 0,7377
V 18 170,88
CH3OH (l) 0,3096 0,2687 0,1940 0,2241
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6868 0,7275 0,7975 0,7674
H2O (l) 0,0036 0,0038 0,0085 0,0084
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 83,19 ℃ = 356,19 K
CH3OH (l) 0,2241 1508,78 1,5602 0,3497
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7674 815,08 0,8428 0,6468
H2O (l) 0,0084 401,41 0,4151 0,0035
Total 1,000 1,000

H 17 L 17 + H 19 V 19 = H 18 L 18 + H 18 V 18
1. T = 83,52 ℃ = 356,52 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3096 2.744,28 849,59
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6868 6.248,89 4.291,56
H2O (l) 0,0036 1.978,09 7,17
Total 1,000 10.971,26 5.148,32
2. T = 83,19 ℃ = 356,19 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,2241 4.818,39 1.079,90
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7674 9.558,76 7.335,80
H2O (l) 0,0084 4.376,58 36,87
Total 1,000 18.753,73 8.452,57
H 17 L 17 + H 19 V 19 = H 18 L 18 + H 18 V 18
670.807,69 + 8.452,57 V 19 = 5.148,32 L 18 + 1.477.197
V 19 = 0,61 L 18 + 95,40

L 17 + V 19 = L 18 + V 18
126,05 + 0,61 L 18 + 95,40 = L 18 + 170,88
-0,39 L 18 = -50,58
L 18 = 129,38
V 19 = 174,20
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 19

Suhu = 83,19 ℃ = 356,19 K
L 18
Y 20 = ( ) × (X 19 − X 18 ) + Y 19
V 19
L 17 129,38
= = 0,7427
V 18 174,20
CH3OH (l) 0,3497 0,3096 0,2241 0,2539
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6468 0,6868 0,7674 0,7378
H2O (l) 0,0035 0,0036 0,0084 0,0083
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 82,87 ℃ = 355,87 K
CH3OH (l) 0,2539 1491,62 1,5252 0,3872
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7378 806,72 0,8249 0,6086
H2O (l) 0,0083 396,23 0,4052 0,0034
Total 1,000 1,00

H 18 L 18 + H 20 V 20 = H 19 L 19 + H 19 V 19
1. T = 83,19 ℃ = 356,19 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3497 2.728,45 954,04
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6468 6.211,87 4.018,02
H2O (l) 0,0035 1.967,05 6,88
Total 1,000 10.907,37 4.978,94
2. T = 82,87 ℃ = 355,87 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
CH3OH (l) 0,2539 4.790,20 1.216,16
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7378 9.502,71 7.010,88
H2O (l) 0,0083 4.351,96 36,26
Total 1,000 18.644,86 8.263,29
H 18 L 18 + H 20 V 20 = H 19 L 19 + H 19 V 19
666.067,00 + 8.263,29 V 20 = 4.978,94 L 19 + 1.472.456
V 20 = 0,60 L 19 + 97,59

L 18 + V 20 = L 19 + V 19
129,38 + 0,60 L 19 + 97,59 = L 19 + 174,20
-0,40 L 19 = -52,76
L 19 = 132,74
V 20 = 177,57
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________
STAGE 20

Suhu = 82,87 ℃ = 355,87 K
L 19
Y 21 = ( ) × (X 20 − X 19 ) + Y 20
V 20
L 19 132,74
= = 0,7476
V 20 177,57
CH3OH (l) 0,3872 0,3497 0,2539 0,2820
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6086 0,6468 0,7378 0,7092
H2O (l) 0,0034 0,0035 0,0083 0,0082
Total 0,999 1,000 1,000 0,999

Suhu = 82,63 ℃ = 355,63 K
CH3OH (l) 0,2820 1479,50 1,4962 0,4219
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7092 800,81 0,8098 0,5743
H2O (l) 0,0082 392,57 0,3970 0,0033
Total 0,999 1,00

H 19 L 19 + H 21 V 21 = H 20 L 20 + H 20 V 20
1. T = 82,87 ℃ = 355,87 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3872 2.712,51 1.050,37
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6086 6.174,60 3.757,82
H2O (l) 0,0034 1.955,92 6,60
Total 0,999 10.843,04 4.814,80
2. T = 82,63 ℃ = 355,63 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,2820 4.770,13 1.345,03
C4H6O2 (l) 0,7092 9.462,81 6.710,98
H2O (l) 0,0082 4.334,42 35,72
Total 0,999 18.567,37 8.091,73
H 19 L 19 + H 21 V 21 = H 20 L 20 + H 20 V 20
660.915,35 + 8.091,73 V 21 = 4.814,80 L 20 + 1.467.305
V 21 = 0,60 L 20 + 99,66

L 19 + V 21 = L 20 + V 20
132,74 + 0,60 L 20 + 99,66 = L 20 + 177,57
-0,40 L 20 = -54,83
L 20 = 135,39
V 21 = 180,22
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STAGE 21

Suhu = 82,63 ℃ = 355,63 K
L 20
Y 22 = ( ) × (X 21 − X 20 ) + Y 21
V 21
L 20 135,39
= = 0,7513
V 21 180,22
CH3OH (l) 0,4219 0,3872 0,2820 0,3080
C4H6O2 (l) 0,5743 0,6086 0,7092 0,6835
H2O (l) 0,0033 0,0034 0,0082 0,0082
Total 0,999 0,999 0,999 1,000

Suhu = 82,43 ℃ = 355,43 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3080 1468,99 1,4693 0,4525
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6835 795,69 0,7959 0,5439
H2O (l) 0,0082 389,40 0,3895 0,0032
Total 1,000 1,000

H 20 L 20 + H 22 V 22 = H 21 L 21 + H 21 V 21
1. T = 82,63 ℃ = 355,63 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,4219 2.701,16 1.139,55
C4H6O2 (l) 0,5743 6.148,08 3.531,04
H2O (l) 0,0033 1.948,00 6,37
Total 0,999 10.797,25 4.676,96
2. T = 82,43 ℃ = 355,43 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,3080 4.752,62 1.463,78
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6835 9.428,00 6.443,62
H2O (l) 0,0082 4.319,12 35,25
Total 1,000 18.499,74 7.942,65
H 20 L 20 + H 22 V 22 = H 21 L 21 + H 21 V 21
651.877,77 + 7.942,65 V 22 = 4.676,96 L 21 + 1.458.267
V 22 = 0,59 L 21 + 101,53

L 20 + V 22 = L 21 + V 21
135,39 + 0,59 L 21 + 101,53 = L 21 + 180,22
-0,41 L 21 = -56,70
L 21 = 137,90
V 22 = 182,73
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STAGE 22

Suhu = 82,43 ℃ = 355,43 K
L 21
Y 23 = ( ) × (X 22 − X 21 ) + Y 22
V 22
L 21 137,90
= = 0,7547
V 22 182,73
CH3OH (l) 0,4525 0,4219 0,3080 0,3311
C4H6O2 (l) 0,5439 0,5743 0,6835 0,6605
H2O (l) 0,0032 0,0033 0,0082 0,0081
Total 1,000 0,999 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 82,29 ℃ = 355,29 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3311 1461,81 1,4464 0,4790
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6605 792,18 0,7838 0,5177
H2O (l) 0,0081 387,24 0,3832 0,0031
Total 1,000 1,000

H 21 L 21 + H 23 V 23 = H 22 L 22 + H 22 V 22
1. T = 82,43 ℃ = 355,43 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,4525 2.691,26 1.217,93
C4H6O2 (l) 0,5439 6.124,94 3.331,65
H2O (l) 0,0032 1.941,09 6,17
Total 1,000 10.757,29 4.555,75
2. T = 82,29 ℃ = 355,29 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,3311 4.740,61 1.569,82
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6605 9.404,13 6.211,67
H2O (l) 0,0081 4.308,62 34,87
Total 1,000 18.453,36 7.816,36
H 21 L 21 + H 23 V 23 = H 22 L 22 + H 22 V 22
644.965,72 + 7.816,36 V 23 = 4.555,75 L 22 + 1.451.355
V 23 = 0,58 L 22 + 103,17

L 21 + V 23 = L 22 + V 22
137,90 + 0,58 L 22 + 103,17 = L 22 + 182,73
-0,42 L 22 = -58,34
L 22 = 139,85
V 23 = 184,68
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STAGE 23

Suhu = 82,29 ℃ = 355,29 K
L 22
Y 24 = ( ) × (X 23 − X 22 ) + Y 23
V 23
L 22 139,85
= = 0,7573
V 23 184,68
CH3OH (l) 0,4790 0,4525 0,3311 0,3511
C4H6O2 (l) 0,5177 0,5439 0,6605 0,6407
H2O (l) 0,0031 0,0032 0,0081 0,0080
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 82,22 ℃ = 355,22 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3511 1458,03 1,4273 0,5012
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6407 790,34 0,7737 0,4957
H2O (l) 0,0080 386,10 0,3780 0,0030
Total 1,000 1,000

H 22 L 22 + H 24 V 24 = H 23 L 23 + H 23 V 23
1. T = 82,29 ℃ = 355,29 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,4790 2.684,47 1.285,77
C4H6O2 (l) 0,5177 6.109,07 3.162,92
H2O (l) 0,0031 1.936,34 6,00
Total 1,000 10.729,89 4.454,69
2. T = 82,22 ℃ = 355,22 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,3511 4.734,26 1.662,43
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6407 9.391,52 6.016,95
H2O (l) 0,0080 4.303,08 34,57
Total 1,000 18.428,86 7.713,95
H 22 L 22 + H 24 V 24 = H 23 L 23 + H 23 V 23
637.140,15 + 7.713,95 V 24 = 4.454,69 L 23 + 1.443.529
V 24 = 0,58 L 23 + 104,54

L 22 + V 24 = L 23 + V 23
139,85 + 0,58 L 23 + 104,54 = L 23 + 184,68
-0,42 L 23 = -59,71
L 23 = 141,32
V 24 = 186,15
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STAGE 24

Suhu = 82,22 ℃ = 355,22 K
L 23
Y 25 = ( ) × (X 24 − X 23 ) + Y 24
V 24
L 23 141,32
= = 0,7592
V 24 186,15
CH3OH (l) 0,5012 0,4790 0,3511 0,3680
C4H6O2 (l) 0,4957 0,5177 0,6407 0,6239
H2O (l) 0,0030 0,0031 0,0080 0,0080
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 82,21 ℃ = 355,21 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3680 1457,47 1,4117 0,5195
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6239 790,06 0,7652 0,4774
H2O (l) 0,0080 385,93 0,3738 0,0030
Total 1,000 1,000

H 23 L 23 + H 25 V 25 = H 24 L 24 + H 24 V 24
1. T = 82,22 ℃ = 355,22 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,5012 2.680,88 1.343,62
C4H6O2 (l) 0,4957 6.100,69 3.023,93
H2O (l) 0,0030 1.933,84 5,87
Total 1,000 10.715,41 4.373,42
2. T = 82,21 ℃ = 355,21 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,3680 4.733,31 1.741,93
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6239 9.389,62 5.858,40
H2O (l) 0,0080 4.302,24 34,35
Total 1,000 18.425,18 7.634,69
H 23 L 23 + H 25 V 25 = H 24 L 24 + H 24 V 24
629.537,80 + 7.634,69 V 25 = 4.373,42 L 24 + 1.435.927
V 25 = 0,57 L 24 + 105,62

L 23 + V 25 = L 24 + V 24
141,32 + 0,57 L 24 + 105,62 = L 24 + 186,15
-0,43 L 24 = -60,80
L 24 = 142,32
V 25 = 187,15
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STAGE 25

Suhu = 82,21 ℃ = 355,21 K
L 24
Y 26 = ( ) × (X 25 − X 24 ) + Y 25
V 25
L 24 142,32
= = 0,7605
V 25 187,15
CH3OH (l) 0,5195 0,5012 0,3680 0,3820
C4H6O2 (l) 0,4774 0,4957 0,6239 0,6101
H2O (l) 0,0030 0,0030 0,0080 0,0079
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Kondisi Operasi Stage Reboiler
Suhu = 82,25 ℃ = 355,25 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3820 1459,78 1,3991 0,5344
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6101 791,19 0,7583 0,4626
H2O (l) 0,0079 386,62 0,3706 0,0029
Total 1,000 1,000

H 24 L 24 + H 26 V 26 = H 25 L 25 + H 25 V 25
1. T = 82,21 ℃ = 355,21 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,5195 2.680,35 1.392,47
C4H6O2 (l) 0,4774 6.099,43 2.912,14
H2O (l) 0,0030 1.933,46 5,77
Total 1,000 10.713,24 4.310,38
2. T = 82,25 ℃ = 355,25 K
T Reff = 25,00 ℃ = 298,00 K
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CH3OH (l) 0,3820 4.737,20 1.809,39
C4H6O2 (l) 0,6101 9.397,36 5.732,98
H2O (l) 0,0079 4.305,64 34,21
Total 1,000 18.440,20 7.576,57
H 24 L 24 + H 26 V 26 = H 25 L 25 + H 25 V 25
622.435,17 + 7.576,57 V 26 = 4.310,38 L 25 + 1.428.824
V 26 = 0,57 L 25 + 106,43

L 24 + V 26 = L 25 + V 25
142,32 + 0,57 L 25 + 106,43 = L 25 + 187,15
-0,43 L 25 = -61,61
L 25 = 142,91
V 26 = 187,73
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REBOILER
Perhitungan dilakukan secara Down-Top sehingga diperoleh :

V' = V0
= 160,51 kmol/jam
L' = L0 + Feed
= 115,68 + 89,16
= 204,84 kmol/jam
V' 160,51
=
L' 204,84
= 0,7836
Kondisi Operasi Reboiler :

Suhu = 109,20 ℃ = 382,20 K
Komponen kmol/jam XB P 0i Ki YB = XB× Ki
CH3OH (l) 0,0007 0,0000 3.490,78 3,3457 0,0000
C4H6O2 (l) 0,2202 0,0050 1.734,07 1,6620 0,0083
H2O (l) 44,1112 0,9950 1.039,75 0,9965 0,9916
Total 44,3321 1,0000 1,000
X 30 = 0,7836 Y B + 0,2164 X B

Suhu = 108,84 ℃ = 381,84 K
Komponen X 25 P 0i Ki Y 25 = X 25 × K i
CH3OH (l) 0,0000 3.453,74 3,3452 0,0001
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0075 1.717,51 1,6635 0,0126
H2O (l) 0,9923 1.027,27 0,9950 0,9873
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen XB YB X 25 Y 25 X 24
CH3OH (l) 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0001 0,0001
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0050 0,0083 0,0075 0,0126 0,0109
H2O (l) 0,9950 0,9916 0,9923 0,9873 0,9890
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Suhu = 108,45 ℃ = 381,45 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0001 3.413,29 3,3413 0,0004
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0109 1.699,41 1,6636 0,0181
H2O (l) 0,9890 1.013,66 0,9923 0,9814
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 25 Y 25 X 24 Y 24 X 23
CH3OH (l) 0,0000 0,0001 0,0001 0,0004 0,0003
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0075 0,0126 0,0109 0,0181 0,0153
H2O (l) 0,9923 0,9873 0,9890 0,9814 0,9843
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 108,03 ℃ = 381,03 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0003 3.371,00 3,3355 0,0010
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0153 1.680,47 1,6628 0,0254
H2O (l) 0,9843 999,45 0,9889 0,9734
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 24 Y 24 X 23 Y 23 X 22
CH3OH (l) 0,0001 0,0004 0,0003 0,0010 0,0008
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0109 0,0181 0,0153 0,0254 0,0210
H2O (l) 0,9890 0,9814 0,9843 0,9734 0,9781
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Suhu = 107,56 ℃ = 380,56 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0008 3.324,08 3,3249 0,0026
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0210 1.659,41 1,6598 0,0349
H2O (l) 0,9781 983,72 0,9840 0,9624
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 23 Y 23 X 22 Y 22 X 21
CH3OH (l) 0,0003 0,0010 0,0008 0,0026 0,0020
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0153 0,0254 0,0210 0,0349 0,0284
H2O (l) 0,9843 0,9734 0,9781 0,9624 0,9695
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 107,01 ℃ = 380,01 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0020 3.268,60 3,3054 0,0068
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0284 1.634,48 1,6529 0,0469
H2O (l) 0,9695 965,14 0,9760 0,9462
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 22 Y 22 X 21 Y 21 X 20
CH3OH (l) 0,0008 0,0026 0,0020 0,0068 0,0053
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0210 0,0349 0,0284 0,0469 0,0378
H2O (l) 0,9781 0,9624 0,9695 0,9462 0,9568
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Suhu = 106,28 ℃ = 379,28 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0053 3.197,52 3,2696 0,0174
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0378 1.602,48 1,6386 0,0620
H2O (l) 0,9568 941,41 0,9626 0,9210
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 21 Y 21 X 20 Y 20 X 19
CH3OH (l) 0,0020 0,0068 0,0053 0,0174 0,0136
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0284 0,0469 0,0378 0,0620 0,0497
H2O (l) 0,9695 0,9462 0,9568 0,9210 0,9370
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 105,16 ℃ = 378,16 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0136 3.090,04 3,1953 0,0435
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0497 1.553,95 1,6069 0,0798
H2O (l) 0,9370 905,65 0,9365 0,8775
Total 1,000 1,001
Komponen X 20 Y 20 X 19 Y 19 X 18
CH3OH (l) 0,0053 0,0174 0,0136 0,0435 0,0341
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0378 0,0620 0,0497 0,0798 0,0636
H2O (l) 0,9568 0,9210 0,9370 0,8775 0,9029
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,001 1,001
________________________
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Suhu = 103,18 ℃ = 376,18 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0341 2.908,35 3,0417 0,1036
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0636 1.471,51 1,5390 0,0979
H2O (l) 0,9029 845,55 0,8843 0,7985
Total 1,001 1,0000
Komponen X 19 Y 19 X 18 Y 18 X 17
CH3OH (l) 0,0136 0,0435 0,0341 0,1036 0,0812
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0497 0,0798 0,0636 0,0979 0,0778
H2O (l) 0,9370 0,8775 0,9029 0,7985 0,8410
Total 1,000 1,001 1,001 1,00 1,00

Suhu = 99,74 ℃ = 372,74 K
CH3OH (l) 0,0812 2.611,61 2,7628 0,2243
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0778 1.335,71 1,4131 0,1099
H2O (l) 0,8410 748,44 0,7918 0,6659
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 18 Y 18 X 17 Y 17 X 16
CH3OH (l) 0,0341 0,1036 0,0812 0,2243 0,1757
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0636 0,0979 0,0778 0,1099 0,0872
H2O (l) 0,9029 0,7985 0,8410 0,6659 0,7371
Total 1,001 1,000 1,000 1,00 1,00
________________________
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Suhu = 94,22 ℃ = 367,22 K
CH3OH (l) 0,1757 2.188,00 2,3417 0,4115
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0872 1.139,06 1,2191 0,1063
H2O (l) 0,7371 612,29 0,6553 0,4830
Total 1,000 1,001
Komponen X 17 Y 17 X 16 Y 16 X 15
CH3OH (l) 0,0812 0,2243 0,1757 0,4115 0,3224
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0778 0,1099 0,0872 0,1063 0,0844
H2O (l) 0,8410 0,6659 0,7371 0,4830 0,5938
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,00 1,00

Suhu = 87,46 ℃ = 360,46 K
CH3OH (l) 0,3224 1.747,61 1,8924 0,6102
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0844 930,41 1,0075 0,0850
H2O (l) 0,5938 474,37 0,5137 0,3050
Total 1,001 1,000
Komponen X 16 Y 16 X 15 Y 15 X 14
CH3OH (l) 0,1757 0,4115 0,3224 0,6102 0,4781
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0872 0,1063 0,0844 0,0850 0,0677
H2O (l) 0,7371 0,4830 0,5938 0,3050 0,4544
Total 1,000 1,001 1,001 1,00 1,00
________________________
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________________________

Suhu = 81,81 ℃ = 354,81 K
CH3OH (l) 0,4781 1.437,40 1,5751 0,7531
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0677 780,26 0,8550 0,0579
H2O (l) 0,4544 379,89 0,4163 0,1892
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 15 Y 15 X 14 Y 14 X 13
CH3OH (l) 0,3224 0,6102 0,4781 0,7531 0,5901
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0844 0,0850 0,0677 0,0579 0,0464
H2O (l) 0,5938 0,3050 0,4544 0,1892 0,3636
Total 1,001 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 78,34 ℃ = 351,34 K
CH3OH (l) 0,5901 1.270,51 1,4091 0,8315
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0464 698,14 0,7743 0,0359
H2O (l) 0,3636 330,15 0,3661 0,1331
Total 1,000 1,001
Komponen X 14 Y 14 X 13 Y 13 X 12
CH3OH (l) 0,4781 0,7531 0,5901 0,8315 0,6516
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0677 0,0579 0,0464 0,0359 0,0292
H2O (l) 0,4544 0,1892 0,3636 0,1331 0,3197
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,00 1,00
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________

Suhu = 76,48 ℃ = 349,48 K
CH3OH (l) 0,6516 1.187,68 1,3333 0,8687
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0292 656,99 0,7375 0,0216
H2O (l) 0,3197 305,77 0,3433 0,1097
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 13 Y 13 X 12 Y 12 X 11
CH3OH (l) 0,5901 0,8315 0,6516 0,8687 0,6807
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0464 0,0359 0,0292 0,0216 0,0180
H2O (l) 0,3636 0,1331 0,3197 0,1097 0,3013
Total 1,000 1,001 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 75,50 ℃ = 348,50 K
CH3OH (l) 0,6807 1.145,87 1,3023 0,8865
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0180 636,11 0,7229 0,0130
H2O (l) 0,3013 293,56 0,3336 0,1005
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 12 Y 12 X 11 Y 11 X 10
CH3OH (l) 0,6516 0,8687 0,6807 0,8865 0,6946
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0292 0,0216 0,0180 0,0130 0,0113
H2O (l) 0,3197 0,1097 0,3013 0,1005 0,2941
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,00 1,00
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________

Suhu = 74,88 ℃ = 347,88 K
CH3OH (l) 0,6946 1.119,83 1,2887 0,8952
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0113 623,06 0,7170 0,0081
H2O (l) 0,2941 285,98 0,3291 0,0968
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 11 Y 11 X 10 Y 10 X9
CH3OH (l) 0,6807 0,8865 0,6946 0,8952 0,7014
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0180 0,0130 0,0113 0,0081 0,0074
H2O (l) 0,3013 0,1005 0,2941 0,0968 0,2912
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 74,40 ℃ = 347,40 K
Komponen X9 P 0i Ki Y9 = X9 × Ki
CH3OH (l) 0,7014 1.100,51 1,2825 0,8996
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0074 613,36 0,7148 0,0053
H2O (l) 0,2912 280,37 0,3267 0,0951
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X 10 Y 10 X9 Y9 X8
CH3OH (l) 0,6946 0,8952 0,7014 0,8996 0,7049
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0113 0,0081 0,0074 0,0053 0,0052
H2O (l) 0,2941 0,0968 0,2912 0,0951 0,2899
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
________________________

Suhu = 74,00 ℃ = 347,00 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7049 1.084,06 1,2796 0,9020
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0052 605,09 0,7142 0,0037
H2O (l) 0,2899 275,61 0,3253 0,0943
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X9 Y9 X8 Y8 X7
CH3OH (l) 0,7014 0,8996 0,7049 0,9020 0,7068
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0074 0,0053 0,0052 0,0037 0,0040
H2O (l) 0,2912 0,0951 0,2899 0,0943 0,2892
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 73,62 ℃ = 346,62 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7068 1.068,90 1,2781 0,9034
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0040 597,46 0,7144 0,0029
H2O (l) 0,2892 271,23 0,3243 0,0938
Total 1,000 1,000
CH3OH (l) 0,7049 0,9020 0,7068 0,9034 0,7079
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0052 0,0037 0,0040 0,0029 0,0033
H2O (l) 0,2899 0,0943 0,2892 0,0938 0,2889
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Suhu = 73,25 ℃ = 346,25 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7079 1.054,35 1,2774 0,9042
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0033 590,12 0,7150 0,0024
H2O (l) 0,2889 267,03 0,3235 0,0935
Total 1,000 1,000
CH3OH (l) 0,7068 0,9034 0,7079 0,9042 0,7085
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0040 0,0029 0,0033 0,0024 0,0029
H2O (l) 0,2892 0,0938 0,2889 0,0935 0,2886
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 72,88 ℃ = 345,88 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7085 1.040,11 1,2770 0,9048
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0029 582,93 0,7157 0,0021
H2O (l) 0,2886 262,93 0,3228 0,0932
Total 1,000 1,000
CH3OH (l) 0,7079 0,9042 0,7085 0,9048 0,7090
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0033 0,0024 0,0029 0,0021 0,0027
H2O (l) 0,2889 0,0935 0,2886 0,0932 0,2883
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Suhu = 72,52 ℃ = 345,52 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7090 1.026,02 1,2768 0,9052
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0027 575,81 0,7165 0,0019
H2O (l) 0,2883 258,88 0,3222 0,0929
Total 1,000 1,000
CH3OH (l) 0,7085 0,9048 0,7090 0,9052 0,7093
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0029 0,0021 0,0027 0,0019 0,0026
H2O (l) 0,2886 0,0932 0,2883 0,0929 0,2881
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 72,15 ℃ = 345,15 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7093 1.012,02 1,2767 0,9056
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0026 568,72 0,7174 0,0019
H2O (l) 0,2881 254,86 0,3215 0,0926
Total 1,000 1,000
CH3OH (l) 0,7090 0,9052 0,7093 0,9056 0,7096
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0027 0,0019 0,0026 0,0019 0,0025
H2O (l) 0,2883 0,0929 0,2881 0,0926 0,2879
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Suhu = 71,78 ℃ = 344,78 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7096 998,05 1,2766 0,9059
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0025 561,64 0,7184 0,0018
H2O (l) 0,2879 250,87 0,3209 0,0924
Total 1,000 1,000
CH3OH (l) 0,7093 0,9056 0,7096 0,9059 0,7098
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0026 0,0019 0,0025 0,0018 0,0025
H2O (l) 0,2881 0,0926 0,2879 0,0924 0,2877
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Suhu = 71,41 ℃ = 344,41 K
CH3OH (l) 0,7098 984,12 1,2766 0,9061
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0025 554,56 0,7194 0,0018
H2O (l) 0,2877 246,88 0,3203 0,0922
Total 1,000 1,000
Komponen X2 Y2 X1 Y1 XD
CH3OH (l) 0,7096 0,9059 0,7098 0,9061 0,7100
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0025 0,0018 0,0025 0,0018 0,0025
H2O (l) 0,2879 0,0924 0,2877 0,0922 0,2876
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
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Kondisi Operasi Stage Distillate

Suhu = 71,03 ℃ = 344,03 K
Komponen XD P 0i Ki YD = XD × Ki
CH3OH (l) 0,7100 970,19 1,2766 0,9064
C4H6O2 (l) 0,0025 547,48 0,7204 0,0018
H2O (l) 0,2876 242,91 0,3196 0,0919
Total 1,000 1,000
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Profil Suhu Plate-to-Plate Menara Distilasi - 02
Dari hasil perhitungan, diperoleh kondisi operasi masing-masing stage/tray sebagai berikut :
Stage Tekanan (atm) Suhu (K) Kemiringan
Kondensor 0 1,0000 344,03 0,3780
1 1,0143 344,41 0,3739
2 1,0287 344,78 0,3703
3 1,0430 345,15 0,3672
4 1,0574 345,52 0,3653
5 1,0717 345,88 0,3652
6 1,0860 346,25 0,3688
7 1,1004 346,62 0,3799
8 1,1147 347,00 0,4074
9 1,1291 347,40 0,4721
10 1,1434 347,88 0,6258
11 1,1577 348,50 0,9807
12 1,1721 349,48 1,8619
13 1,1864 351,34 3,4672
14 1,2008 354,81 5,6504
15 1,2151 360,46 6,7535
16 1,2294 367,22 5,5207
17 1,2438 372,74 3,4484
18 1,2581 376,18 1,9730
19 1,2725 378,16 1,1233
20 1,2868 379,28 0,7262
21 1,3011 380,01 0,5581
22 1,3155 380,56 0,4661
23 1,3298 381,03 0,4156
24 1,3441 381,45 0,3937
25 1,3585 381,84 0,3573
Reboiler 26 1,3728 382,20
Berdasarkan perhitungan, stage ke-15 memiliki kemiringan tercuram, oleh karena itu suhu
pada plate ini dijaga tetap.
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Berikut gambar grafik profil suhu plate-to-plate Menara Distilasi - 02 :
Profil Suhu Plate-to-Plate MD - 02

385
380
375
370
Suhu (K)
365
360
355
350
345
340
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Stage
Dari hasil perhitungan, diperoleh fraksi komposisi masing-masing stage/tray sebagai berikut :
Stage Komposisi
Kondensor 0 0,9777
1 0,9694
2 0,9619
3 0,9550
4 0,9491
5 0,9439
6 0,9389
7 0,9280
8 0,9171
9 0,9062
10 0,8952
11 0,8865
12 0,8687
13 0,8315
14 0,7531
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15 0,6102
16 0,4115
17 0,2243
18 0,1208
19 0,0798
20 0,0620
21 0,0469
22 0,0349
23 0,0254
24 0,0181
25 0,0126
Reboiler 26 0,0083
Berikut gambar grafik profil komposisi plate-to-plate Menara Distilasi - 02 :
Profil Komposisi MD - 02
1,1
1
0,9
0,8
Fraksi Komposisi
0,7
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Stage
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04 Menara Distilasi 2

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Lampiran Alat Besar Menara Distilasi - 02

MENARA DISTILASI (MD - 02)

2. Menentukan Kondisi Operasi

Log P° = A + B/T + C LogT + DT + ET2

Kondisi Operasi Umpan

K C4H6O2 = 1093,99 mmHg

Maka diperoleh kondisi operasi umpan :

Kondisi Operasi Atas

K CH3OH = 1.410,52 mmHg

Maka diperoleh kondisi operasi atas :

Kondisi Operasi Bawah

Maka diperoleh kondisi operasi bawah :

3. Menentukan Relatif Volatilitas Rata-rata (α AV )

α avg = (α top × α bottom)1/2

Dengan menggunakan persamaan diatas, maka diperoleh nilai :

4. Menentukan Light Key Komponen dan Heavy Key Komponen

Berdasarkan hasil diatas, maka dapat diketahui data sebagai berikut :

5. Menentukan Distribusi Non-Key Component

6. Menentukan Jumlah Plate Minimum

8. Reflux Ratio Minimum (Rmin)

C4H6O2 (l) 0,9777 1,8834 3,215

9. Reflux Operasi (R)

10. Jumlah Plate Teoritis

Dari grafik diperoleh :

11. Efisiensi Plate

E O = 51 − 32,5 log ( μaαa )

Viskositas umpan : T = 365,84 K

12. Jumlah Plate Aktual

13. Letak Plate Umpan

Maka diperoleh jumlah plate teoritis :

14. Tegangan Permukaan

1. Perhitungan tegangan permukaan (σ) atas

15. Dimensi Menara

Neraca komponen pada puncak menara :

Xi = Fraksi mol masing-masing komponen

Komponen BM Xi (mol) kmol/jam Kg/jam Xi (massa)

Komposisi Fase Cair :

Komponen BM Li , kmol/jam Xi (mol) kg/jam Xi (massa)

Tinjauan Fase Uap

Massa Molekul Campuran :

Rapat Massa Fase Uap :

Rg = Konstanta gas ideal (m3bar/kmol.K)

Tinjauan Fase Cair

Rapat Massa Fase Uap :

Komponen Massa ρl (kg/m3) M/ ρ

Kecepatan massa total

9.774,97 kg/jam 2,94 kg/m3 0,5

Parameter kecepatan flooding diperoleh dari fig. 11.29 :

Dicoba jarak antar plate (tray spacing ) adalah 0,45 m

Kecepatan Uap Maksimum

877,21 kg/m3 - 2,94 kg/m3 21,56 dyne/cm

Kecepatan Volume Uap

Luas Penampang menara :

Kecepatan Operasi Uap

Uop = 80% × 1,41 m/s

Luas Downcomer (At) adalah 20% dari luar total

Luas downcomer (Ad) = 20% × At

Komposisi hasil bawah menara distilasi :

Menentukan komposisi uap yang keluar dari Reboiler (V0) :

Komposisi uap terdiri dari :

Komposisi fase cair masuk Reboiler :

Komponen BM Li , kmol/jam Xi (mol) kg/jam Xi (massa)

Suhu Masuk Reboiler