Pengantar Mineralogi
Pengertian Mineral
Warna
Bentuk kristal
Belahan
Pecahan
Kekerasan
Berat jenis
Cerat
Kilap
Sifat fisik lainnya
SIFAT FISIK MINERAL
PECAHAN
KEKERASAN KILAP BENTUK
GELAP
TERANG
KONKOIDAL
SKALA MOHS DAMAR MEMBUTIR RATA
1 TALK 6 FELSPAR KACA MEMBULAT TIDAK RATA
2 GIPSUM 7 KUARSA SUTERA MENJARUM
3 KALSIT 8 TOPAS METALIK
4 FLUORIT 9 KORUNDUM
5 APATIT 10 INTAN
1 ARAH
2 ARAH
3 ARAH
TIDAK ADA
halite
calcite
Petroleum Geology 17
Pecahan: merupakan pola apabila suatu mineral pecah yang
tidak mengikuti bidang belahan.
Parting Conchoidal
fracturing
halite
18
Kekerasan:
Kekerasan merupakan
daya tahan mineral
terhadap goresan.
Petroleum Geology 19
Densitas
Merupakan berat relatif suatu mineral yang
diukur terhadap berat jenis air.
Hematite
Kilap:
Merupakan gejala yang terjadi pada
mineral yang dikenai cahaya refleksi.
Element Abundances
Silica
(SiO4)4-
Ferromagnesian
Silicates (Fe, Mg)
Oxides
Carbonates
Sulfides/sulfates
Native elements
Silicate Continuous series
Discontinuous series
minerals
Olivine, Pyroxene, Anorthite, albite,
Amphibole, Mica Orthoclase, Quartz
Petroleum Geology 26
1. OLIVINES
DISCONTINUOUS High temperature Fe-Mg silicates
SILICATES Individual tetrahedra linked together by iron and
magnesium ions
Forms small, rounded crystals with no cleavage
Petroleum Geology 27
2. PYROXENES
Single chain structures involving iron and magnesium
Two distinctive cleavages at nearly 90°
Augite is the most common mineral in the pyroxene group
28
3. AMPHIBOLES
perfect cleavages, Hornblende is the most common mineral in the
amphibole group
Petroleum Geology 29
4. MICAS
Sheet structures , One perfect cleavage direction
Thin, flexible elastic sheets
Biotite is the dark iron-rich member of the mica group
Petroleum Geology 30
1. FELDSPARS
CONTINUOUS Most common mineral group
SILICATES Exhibit two directions of cleavage at 90°
Orthoclase (potassium feldspar) and Plagioclase (Na
and Ca feldspar) are the two most common members
Plagioclase Orthoclase 31
KUARSA
MINERAL FELSPAR
2. QUARTZ
Only common silicate composed entirely of oxygen
and silicon. Hard (H = 7) and resistant to weathering
Conchoidal fracture, no cleavage Often forms
hexagonal crystals, Color varies
Petroleum Geology 33
Talk (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) Gypsum (CaSO4 ) Calcite (CaCo3 )
UNSUR
ORGANIK ANORGANIK
MINERAL LAINNYA
Batuan Beku