BAB II
WATERPASSING
1. Waterpass
3
2 4 7
6
1
5
8
9
10
11
Gambar 2.1 Waterpass
Keterangan :
1. Lensa Objek 6. Pelindung Lensa bidik
2. Cermin bidik Nivo 7. Knop Fokus
3. Bidik Kasar 8. Visir Halus Horizontal
4. Nivo Kotak 9. Lingkaran Horizontal
5. Lensa Bidik 10. Skrup
22
23
2. Statif / Tripod
Berfungsi sebagai tempat untuk mendirikan alat (theodolit atau
waterpass).
4. Pita Ukur
Berfungsi untuk memberi tanda dan mengukur jarak langsung pada
pengukuran penyipat datar dan untuk mengukur ketinggian alat.
5. Payung
Berfungsi untuk melindungi alat dari matahari langsung ataupun
hujan.
- Arah Pergi
Pertama dilakukan pengukuran arah pergi yang dimulai dari
stasiun 1 yang diletakan di antara titik A dan B, stasiun 2 yang
diletakan diantara titik B dan C, dan stasiun 3 yang diletakan
antara titik C dan D.
Seperti gambar berikut ini:
- Arah Pulang
Pengukuran arah pulang pertama tarik garis melintang beberapa
meter dari stasiun 2 untuk menentukan titik E.
Setelah itu tarik garis dan ukur antara titik D ke E dan titik E ke A
dengan mengukur secara langsung.
Menentukan stasiun 4 yang diletakan ditengah-tengah antara titik
D dengan E, dan stasiun 5 yang diletakan ditengah-tengah antara
titik E dan A.
5. Lakukan pengukuran dengan menggunakan waterpass,
menyeting alat distasiun 1.
6. Membidik rambu dengan pertama kali dibidik adalah titik
dibelakangnya (titik A) kemudian titik depan (titik B).
7. Melakukan penyebaran disetiap titik depan dengan nama a,
b, c, d, e, f dan g.
Seperti gambar berikut ini:
26
PEMBACAAN RAMBU
Titik Belakang bt Muka
STA yang bt.Belakan
ba ba
dibidik g
bb Bt. Muka bb
1.266
A 1.191
1.116
I
1.715
B 1.64
1.565
0.86
B 0.785
0.71
II
1.915
C 1.84
1.765
III C 0.875 0.8
0.725
28
1.845
D 1.77
1.695
2.18
1.95
0.63
0.405
2.185
1.96
1.275
1.05
1. Perhitungan Bt
a. Pada STA I
Bt belakang b. Pada STA II
Bt = (Ba + Bb) :2 = 1.191 m Bt belakang
Bt muka Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 0.785 m
Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 1.64 m Bt muka
Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 1.84 m
29
d. Pada STA IV
Btbelakang
Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 2.065 m
Btmuka
Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 0.5175
e. Pada STA V
Btbelakang
Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 2.0725 m
Btmuka
Bt = (Ba + Bb) : 2 = 1.1625 m
= +97.526 + 1.5475
= +99.0735
e. Elevasi sementara A = Elevasi E + ∆hEA
= +99.0735 + 0.9100
= +99.9835
5. Perhitungan Koreksi
∑∆H = 1.1035 m
a. STA I
DAB
Koreksi ∆HA-B ¿ (−∆ h)
∑D
30
¿ ⦋−( 1.1035 ) ⦌
180.5
= -0.9373
b. STA II
DBC
Koreksi ∆HB-C ¿ (−∆ h)
∑D
30
¿ ⦋−( 1.1035 ) ⦌
180.5
= -0.9373
c. STA III
DCD
Koreksi ∆HC-D ¿ (−∆ h)
∑D
30
¿ ⦋−( 1.1035 ) ⦌
180.5
= -0.9373
d. STA IV
DDE
Koreksi ∆HD-E ¿ (−∆ h)
∑D
45.5
¿ ⦋−( 1.1035 ) ⦌
180.5
= -0.8514
32
e. STA V
DDEA
Koreksi ∆HE-A ¿ (−∆ h)
∑D
45
¿ ⦋−( 1.1035 ) ⦌
180.5
= -0.8542
2.4.2 PerhitunganSipatDatarMelintang
Titik PembacaanRambu
STA TitikIkat
Detail ba Bt bb
34
-0.015 a 1.73 m 1,665 m 1,58 m
-0.385 b 2.1 m 2,025 m 1.95 m
-0.025 c 1.69 m 1,615 m 1,54 m
B 1715 m 1,64 m 1,565 m
I -0.03 d 1.685 m 1,61 m 1,535 m
-0.03 e 1.69 m 1,61 m 1,53 m
-0.3425 f 2.065 m 1.982 m 1,9 m
-0.575 g 1.665 m 1,582 m 1,5 m
0.015 a 1.9 m 1.825 m 1.75 m
-0.4 b 2.315 m 2.24 m 2.165 m
0.015 c 1.9 m 1.825 m 1.75 m
C 1.915 m 1.84 m 1.765 m
II 0.0375 d 1.88 m 1.802 m 1.725 m
0.0225 e 1.9 m 1.817 m 1.735 m
-0.29 f 2.21 m 2.13 m 2.05 m
0.0475 g 1.875 m 1.792 m 1.71 m
0.23 a 1.615 m 1.54 m 1.465 m
-0.47 b 2.29 m 2.24 m 2.19 m
-0.03 c 1.815 m 1.74 m 1.665 m
D 1.845 m 1.77 m 1.695 m
III 0.035 d 1.81 m 1.735 m 1.66 m
0.04 e 1.805 m 1.73 m 1.655 m
-0.335 f 2.19 m 2.105 m 2.02 m
0.0125 g 1.82 m 1.757 m 1.695 m
-0.0275 a 0.66 m 0.545 m 0.43 m
-0.4075 b 1.04 m 0.925 m 0.81 m
0.0225 c 0.655 m 0.54 m 0.425 m
E 0.63 m 0.517 m 0.405 m
IV -0.005
Tabel d
2.3 Pengukuran0.635
Sipat m
Datar 0.522 m
Melintang 0.41 m
-0.0425 e 0.675 m 0.56 m 0.445 m
-0.475 f 0.68 m 0.656 m 0.45 m
-0.04 g 0.675 m 0.557 m 0.44 m
-0.025 a 1.305 m 1.187 m 1.07 m
-0.425 b 1.705 m 1.587 m 1.47 m
35
6. Titik Detail f
Bt = (1.69 + 1.53) : 2
= 1.61 m
∆Hc = BtB – btc
= 1,64 – 1.61 m
= 0.0300
7. Titik Detail f
Bt = (2,065 + 1,9) : 2
= 1,982 m
∆Hc = BtB – btc
= 1,64 – 1,982
= -0.3420 m
8. Titik Detail g
Bt = (1,665 + 1,5) : 2
= 1,582 m
∆Hc = BtB – btc
= 1,64 – 1,582 m
= 0.0580 m
= 1,84 – 2.24
= -0.4000 m
3. Titik Detail b
Bt = (1,9 + 1,75) : 2
= 1.825 m
∆Hb = BtC – btc
= 1,84 – 1,825
= 0,0150 m
4. Titik Detail b
Bt = (1,915 + 1,765) : 2
= 1.84 m
∆Hb = BtC – btd
= 1,84 – 1.84
= 0,000 m
5. Titik Detail b
Bt = (1,88 + 1,725) : 2
= 1.802 m
∆Hb = BtC – bte
= 1,84 – 1,802
= 0,0380 m
6. Titik Detail b
Bt = (1.9 + 1.735) : 2
= 1,817 m
∆Hb = BtC – btf
= 1,84 – 1,817
= 0,0230 m
7. Titik Detail b
Bt = (2,21 + 2,05) : 2
= 2,13 m
∆Hb = BtC – btg
= 1,84 – 2,13
38
= -0.2900
c. Perhitungan Beda Tinggi Pada STA III (Btd = 1,77 m)
1. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,615 + 1,465) : 2
= 1,54 m
∆Ha = BtD – bta
= 1,77 – 1,54
= 0.2300
2. Titik Detail a
Bt = (2,29 + 2,19) : 2
= 2,24 m
∆Ha = BtD – btb
= 1,77 – 2,24
= -0.4700
3. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,815 + 1,665) : 2
= 1,74 m
∆Ha = BtD – btc
= 1,77 – 1,74
= 0.0300 m
4. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,845 + 1,695) : 2
= 1,77 m
∆Ha = BtD – btd
= 1,77 – 1,77
= 0,0000 m
5. . Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,81 + 1,66) : 2
= 1,735 m
∆Ha = BtD – bte
= 1,77 – 1,735
39
= 0,0350 m
6. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,805 + 1,655) : 2
= 1,73 m
∆Ha = BtD – btf
= 1,77 – 1,73
= 0,0400 m
7. Titik Detail a
Bt = (2,19 + 2,02) : 2
= 2,105 m
∆Ha = BtD – btg
= 1,77 – 2,105
= -0,3350 m
d. Perhitungan Beda Tinggi Pada STA IV (Bte = 0,5175 m)
1. Titik Detail a
Bt = (0,66 + 0,43) : 2
= 0,545 m
∆Ha = BtE – bta
= 0,5175 – 0,545
= -0,0275 m
2. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,04 + 0,81) : 2
= 0,925 m
∆Ha = BtE – btb
= 0,5175 – 0,925
= -0,4075 m
3. Titik Detail a
Bt = (0,655 + 0,425) : 2
= 0,54 m
∆Ha = BtE – btc
= 0,5175 – 0,54
40
= -0,0225 m
4. .Titik Detail a
Bt = (0,63 + 0,405) : 2
= 0,517 m
∆Ha = BtE – btd
= 0,5175 – 0,517
= 0,0005 m
5. Titik Detail a
Bt = (0,635 + 0,41) : 2
= 0.522 m
∆Ha = BtE – bte
= 0,5175 – 0,522
= -0.0045 m
6. . Titik Detail a
Bt = (0.675 + 0,445) : 2
= 0,56 m
∆Ha = BtE – btf
= 0,5175 – 0,56
= -0,0425 m
7. Titik Detail a
Bt = (0,68 + 0,45) : 2
= 0,656 m
∆Ha = BtE – btg
= 0,5175 – 0,656
= -0,1385 m
e. Perhitungan Beda Tinggi Pada STA V (Bta = 1,1625 m)
1. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,305 + 1,07) : 2
= 1,187 m
∆Ha = BtA – bta
41
= 1,1625 – 1,187
= -0.0245 m
2. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,705 + 1,47) : 2
= 1,587 m
∆Ha = BtA – btb
= 1,1625 – 1,587
= -0.4245 m
3. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,285 + 1,05) : 2
= 1,167 m
∆Ha = BtA – btc
= 1,1625 – 1,167
= -0,0045 m
4. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,23 + 1,000) : 2
= 1.115 m
∆Ha = BtA – btd
= 1,1625 – 1,115
= 0.0475 m
5. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,275 + 1,05) : 2
= 1,162 m
∆Ha = BtA – bte
= 1.1625 – 1,162
= -0.4575 m
6. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,28 + 1,55) : 2
= 1,415 m
∆Ha = BtA – btf
42
= 1.1625 – 1,415
= -0.2525 m
7. Titik Detail a
Bt = (1,67 + 1,45) : 2
= 1,56 m
∆Ha = BtA – btg
= 1.1625 – 1,56
= -0,3975 m
2. Perhitungan Elevasi
Jarak
Titik Titik Antara
STA Elevasi
Ikat Detail Titik(m
)
I 99.5387423
-0.015 a 22
8
99.1687423
-0.385 b 29
8
99.5387423
-0.025 c 105
8
99.5587423
B 274.5
8
99.5387423
-0.03 d 380.5
8
99.5387423
-0.03 e 30
8
- f 22.6 99.2117423
0.3425 8
43
- 99.6117423
g
0.0575 8
98.5164847
0.015 a 5
6
98.1014847
-0.4 b 28
6
98.5164847
0.015 c 95
6
98.5014847
C 286,5
6
II 98.5389847
0.0375 d 381,5
6
98.5239847
0.0225 e 27
6
98.2114847
-0.29 f 23
6
98.5489847
0.0475 g
6
III 97.7642271
0.23 a 8
5
97.0642271
-0.47 b 36
5
97.5642271
-0.03 c 65
5
97.5342271
D 317.5
5
97.5692271
0.035 d 382.5
5
0.04 e 28 97.5742271
44
5
97.1992271
-0.335 f 23
5
97.5642271
0.0125 g
5
- 99.0583864
a 22
0.0275 3
- 99.6783864
b 28
0.4075 3
99.0633864
0.0225 c 250
3
99.0853864
E 120
3
IV 99.0803864
-0.005 d 370
3
- 99.0433864
e 30
0.0425 3
99.0383864
-0.475 f 21
3
99.0453864
-0.04 g
3
V -0.025 a 22 99.975
-0.425 b 33 99.575
-0.005 c 370 99.995
-
d 285 100.0475
0.0475
A 100 100
- e 30 99.7475
0.2525
45
-
f 20 99.6025
0.3975
-0.01 g 99.7475
= -0.335
Elevasi titik detail = elevasi D + ∆h
a = +96.5887 + (0.23) d = +96.5887 + (0.000)
= +96.8187 = +96.5887
b = +96.5887 + (-0.47) e = +96.5887 + (0.035)
= +96.1187 = +96.6237
c = +96.5887 + (0.03) f = +96.5887 + (0.04)
= +96.6187 = +96.6287
g = +96.5887 + (-0.335)
= +96.2537
STA IV
Elevasi titik E = +98.2221 (didapat dari elevasi tetap E, Tabel 2.1)
BtE = 0.5175
∆h = btE – bttitik detail
∆ha = 0.5175 – 0.545 ∆he = 0.5175 – 0.522
= -0.0275 = -0.0045
∆hb = 0.5175 – 0.925 ∆hg = 0.5175 – 0.56
= -0.4075 = -0.0425
∆hc = 0.5175 – 0.54 ∆hf = 0.5175 – 0.656
= -0.0225 = -0.1385
∆hd = 0.5175 – 0.517
= 0.0005
Elevasi titik detail = elevasi E + ∆h
48
a = +98.2221 + (-0.0275)
= +99.1946
b = +98.2221 + (-0.4075)
= +98.8146
c = +98.2221 + (-0.0225)
= +98.1996
d = +98.2221 + 0.0005
= +98.2226
e = +98.2221 + (-0.0045)
= +98.2176
f = +98.2221 + (-0.425)
= +97.7971
g = +98.2221 + (-0.1385)
= +98.0836
STA V
Elevasi titik A = +100.0000 (didapat dari elevasi tetap A, Tabel 2.1)
BtA = 1.1625
∆h = btA – bttitik detail
∆ha = 1.1625 - 1.187 ∆he = 1.1625 – 1.62
= -0.0245 = -0.4575
∆hb = 1.1625 – 1.587 ∆hf = 1.1625 – 1.415
= -0.4245 = -0.2525
∆hc = 1.1625 – 1.167 ∆hg = 1.1625 – 1.56
= -0.0045 = -0.3975
∆hd =1.1625 – 1.115
= 0.0475
Xp : -3,25 m
Xq : 3,25 m
Xc : jarak D – C : 3,79 m
Xd :0
50
Xe : jarak D – E : 3,805 m
Yp :0
Yq :0
Yc : elevasi C – elevasi HO
: 99,57874238 – 104,55374238
: -4,975 m
Yd : elevasi D – elevasi HO
: 99,58374238 – 104,55374238
: -4,97 m
Ye : elevasi E – elevasi HO
: 99,58374238 – 104,55374238
: -4,97 m
1
Lb : [(Xp.ya) + (Xq.ye) + (Xe.yd) + (Xd.yc) +
2
(Xc.yp) - (Xp.yc) – (Xc.yd) – (Xd.ye) – (Xe.yq) –
(Xq.yp)]………………………………………….
1
Lb : [(0) + (3,25.(-4,97)) + (3,805.(-4,97)) + (0) –
2
(-3,25.(-4,975)) – (3,79.(-4,97)) – (0) – (0) – (0)
1
: [-35,06335 - (35,00505)]
2
1
: [-70,0684]
2
: -35,0342 m
HO : 104,55374238 + 0,21
: 104,76374238
51
Xp : -3,25 m
Xq : 3,25 m
Xd :0
Yp :0
Yq :0
Yc : 98,51648476 – 104,76374238
: -6,2445762 m
Yd : 98,53898496 – 104,76374238
: -6,22475762 m
Ye : 98,52398476 – 104,76374238
: -6,23975762 m
Xc : 3,185
Xe : 3,185
1
Lc : [(Xp.yq) + (Xq.ye) + (Xe.yd) + (Xd.yc) +
2
(Xc.yp) - (Xp.yc) – (Xc.yd) – (Xd.ye) – (Xe.yq) –
(Xq.yp)]…………………………………………..
1
: [(0) + (3,25.(-6,23975762)) + (3,85.
2
(-6,22475762)) + (0) + (0) – (-6,24725761) –
(3,85.(-6,222475762)) – (0) –(0) – (0)]
52
1
: [-20,27921227 – 23,74745302 – 20,30358727 +
2
23,74745032]
1
: [-40,58279954]
2
: -20,29139977 m
1
Volume timbunan : (LB + LC) DBc…….......
2
1
: (-35,0342 + (-20,29139977)).30
2
1
: (-55,32559977)
2
: -27,66279989 x 30
: -829,8839966 m
Gambar 2.7
Xp : -3,25 m
Xq : 3,25 m
Xc : 3,7 m
Xd :0
Xe : 3,7 m
Yp :0
Yq :0
Yc : elevasi C – elevasi HO
: 99,06338643 – 94,08588643
: 4,9775 m
Yd : elevasi D – elevasi HO
: 99,08088643 – 94,08588643
: 4,995 m
Ye : elevasi E – elevasi HO
: 99,04338643 – 94,08588643
: 4,9573 m
1
Le : [(Xp.yc) + (Xc.yd) + (Xd.ye) + (Xe.yq) +
2
(Xq.ye) - (Xp.yq) – (Xq.ye) – (Xe.yd) – (Xd.yc) –
(Xc.yp)]………………………………………….
1
Le : [(-3,25.4,9775) + (3,7.4,995) + (0) + (0) + (0) –
2
(0) – (3,25.4,9575) – (3,7.-4,995) – (0) – (0)]
1
: [(-16,176875) + (18,4815) - (16,111875) –
2
(18,4813)]
1
: [-32,28855]
2
: -16,144275 m
54
7
HO : HO – 45. : 94,08588643 – 0,315
100
: 94,40088643
Gambar 3.1
Xp : -3,25 m
Xq : 3,25 m
Xc : 3,7 m
Xd :0
Xe : 3,85 m
Yp :0
Yq :0
Yc : elevasi C – elevasi HO
: 99,995 – 94,40088643
: 5,59411357 m
Yd : elevasi D – elevasi HO
55
: 100,6475 – 94,40088643
: 5,64661357 m
Ye : elevasi E – elevasi HO
: 99,7475 – 94,40088643
: 5,34661357 m
1
Le : [(Xp.yc) + (Xc.yd) + (Xd.ye) + (Xe.yq) +
2
(Xq.yp) - (Xp.yq) – (Xq.ye) – (Xe.yd) – (Xd.yc) –
(Xc.yp)]………………………………………….
1
La : [(-3,25.5,59411357) + (3,7.5,64661357) + (0) +
2
(0) + (0) – (0) – (3,25.5,34661357) –
(3,85.5,64661357) – (0) – (0)]
1
: [(-18,1808691) + (20,89247021) - (17,3764941)
2
– (21,73948224)]
1
: [-36,4035523]
2
: -18,20217762 m
1
Volume galian : (LE + LA) x DEA…………………….
2
1
: [(-16,144275) + (-18,20217762)] x DEA
2
1
: [-34,34645262] x 45
2
: -17,17322631 x 45
: -772,795184 m
2.5 PEMBAHASAN
2.6 KESIMPULAN