CRITICAL BOOK REPORT INTEGRATED

ENGLISH BOOK

Authors Naeklan Simbolon,M.Pd.

Disusun Oleh:

YUSFI LAILY PASARIBU

1213311089

PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR FAKULTAS

ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2022
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur saya ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya,
sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan makalah ini dengan bentuk dan isian yang sangat
sederhana, semoga makalah ini dapat menjadi acuan dalam mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris.

Harapan saya, semoga makalah ini dapat berguna dalam menambah wawasan dan pengetahuan
kita. Saya menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa didalam tugas ini terdapat kekurangan dan jauh dari kata
sempurna. Makalah ini saya akui masih terdapat kekurangan, karena kurangnya pengalaman yang saya
miliki.

Oleh sebab itu, saya harapkan para pembaca dapat memberikan masukan-masukan, kritik dan
juga sasaran demi perbaikan tugas yang telah saya buat dimasa yang akan datang, mengingat tidak ada
sesuatu yang sempurna tanpa saran yang membangun. Akhir kata saya ucapkan terima kasih dan semoga
apa yang telah kami kerjakan dapat bermanfaat bagi orang lain.

Medan, Februari 2022

Yusfi Laily Pasaribu

ii
 DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................................................... ii

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................................... iii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Tujuan Penulisan ................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Manfaat Penulisan .............................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Identitas Buku..................................................................................................................... 2

BAB II RINGKASAN ISI BUKU .................................................................................................... 3

2.1 Ringkasan Isi Buku Utama .................................................................................................. 3

2.2 Ringkasan Isi Buku Pembanding ......................................................................................... 14

BAB III PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................................................. 20

3.1 Keunggulan Buku Utama .................................................................................................... 20

3.2 Kelemahan Buku Utama ..................................................................................................... 20
3.3 Keunggulan Buku Pembanding ........................................................................................... 20
3.4 Kelemahan Buku Pembanding ........................................................................................... 20

BAB IV PENUTUP .......................................................................................................................... 21

4.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................................ 21

4.2 Saran .................................................................................................................................. 21

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................................... 22

iii
 BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang

Bahasa inggris merupakan bahasa internasional yang terpakai hampir diseluruh Negara di dunia.
Keberadaan bahasa inggris iru sendiri tidak lepas dari kehidupan kita sehari-hari, dan tanpa kita
sadari, hal tersebut membutuhkan pembahasan yang mendalam agar setiap orang bisa memahami
bahasa inggris dengan baik. Diantara banyaknya materi yang harus dibahas untuk mempelajari bahasa
inggris, tenses merupakan materi utama yang harus dikuasai oleh setiap orang. Mmateri tersebut
adalah materi dasar yang kebanyakan orang menganggapnya sepele. Tense itu sendiri terdiri dari
bermacam-macam jenis, antara lain simple present tense, simple past tense, present continuous tense,
present perfect tense, simple future tense dan masih banyak lagi.

Seorang mahasiswa harus peka terhadap perkembangan zaman dan informasi yang ada di
sekitarnya. Berbagai cara dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi, salah satunya adalah dengan
membaca buku. Membaca buku merupakan suatu kegiatan penting bagi seorang mahasiswa dalam
membantu proses pembelajarannya. Tidak hanya membaca buku, seorang mahasiswa juga harus
mampu menilai buku bacaannya. Kegiatan ini dapat kita sebut dengan “Critical Book Review”.
Sebleum melakukan penilaian mahasiswa hatus lebih dulu memahami isi buku yang akan di kritik
kemudian dapat membandingkannya dengan buku lain sebagai pembanding untuk menilai buku yang
di kritik.

1.2 Tujuan Penulisan

1. Untuk mengetahui isi buku dengan cara membuat ringkasan isi buku.
2. Menambah pengetahuan serta wawasan mengenai materi-materi yang ada di dalam buku.
3. Untuk dapat mengetahui keunggulan dan kelemahan buku yang dikritik.
4. Unuk mengetahui perbandingan buku yang di kritik dengan buku lain.

1.3 Manfaat Penulisan

1. Meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menentukan inti sari dari sebuah buku.

2. Sebagai reverensi dalam mencari buku yang relevan.
3. Agar mengetahui keunggulan dan kelemahan buku yang akan di kritiki.

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1.4 Identitas Buku

1. Buku Utama
- Judul Buku : Integrated English
- Pengarang : Naeklan Simbolon, M.Pd.
Dra. Eva Betty Simanjuntak, M.Pd.
Kristina Gloria Simanjuntak, M.TI.,PMP
Dr. Marianti Purnama Simanjuntak, M.Si.
Dr. Janner Simarmata, S.T., M.Kom
- Penerbit : Jayapangus Press
- Kota Terbit : Denpasar - Bali
- Tahun Terbit : 2018
- ISBN : 978-602-53015-4-4

2. Buku Pembanding
- Judul Buku : Basic English Grammar
- Pengarang : Anne Seaton
- Penerbit : Saddleback Educational Publishing
- Kota Terbit : Amerika Serikat
- Tahun Terbit : 2018
- ISBN :1-59905-201-6

2
 BAB II

RINGKASAN ISI BUKU

2.1 Ringkasan Isi Buku Utama

UNIT 1 TO BE: INTRODUCTION

We often need to introduce ourselves to new acquaintances or ask them about their profile.
Moreover, we also have to describe about things that we do while we are introducing ourselves.
Therefore, we need to understand the use of "to be" in English, which is an important part of English
language.

"To be" in English language is used to connect a Subject to its Predicate in a sentence. In Bahasa
Indonesia, "to be" often not translated "To be" will depend on the Subject used in a sentence and the
timeline of the sentence: present, past, or future. For our context in this Chapter, we will use present
and past as our time reference to identify the "to be" form used in our sentences.

UNIT 2 SUBJECT PRONOUN, POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE, NOUN, VERB, ADVERB

Every English sentence has subject pronoun, adjective, noun, verb, and adverb as its element. Be it on
the present, past, or future time. It is important to use the proper element as we develop our argument and
delineate them in conveying our true meaning whether it is asking about information or giving the
information.

1. SUBJECT PRONOUN
 As a personal pronoun, that is the pronoun to a subject of the sentence. A "Subject" is a person
or thing that do some actions, which shown in the following predicate of the subject as a verb
clause.
 Used with a nominative-accusative alignment pattern.
 Consist of 1 you, he, she, it, we, they, what, and who
 Followed by the object pronoun: me, you, him, her, it us, them, what, whom
Examples:
The following sentences show some examples of the subject pronoun in orange and object pronoun in
blue.
2. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE
 A possessive adjective is used to describe a word which mean is to qualify a noun or noun
phrase by giving ownership information of an object.
 It implies a definiteness of possession, which comes before the object (noun).
3. NOUNS
 The noun is used to name specific thing or group of things including but not limited to places
objects, crostun, states.
 It functions as the head of noun phrase and commonly used to show an object of the sentence.
There are five kinds of noun:

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 1. Proper noun shows the name of people, places. It is written in capital case in a sentence. For
example: Daniel, Lidia, Bandung.
2. Common noun shows the name of common thing. For example: notebook, ball, shoes.
3. Material noun shows the name of element of thing used in creating another thing. For
example:Sand and water
4. Collective noun shows the collection of things or people. For example: a team, a group
5. Abstract noun shows the noun that change from verb, adjective, and also nouns itself. For
example: Live becomes life
4. VERB
 The verb is used to show the action or actions which performed by the subject in a sentence.
 It will confirm the tense's formation used in a sentence. When there is a change in the tenses,
the verb will follow. For example:
I write a book (Simple present tense)
I wrote a book (Simple past tense)
5. ADVERB
 An adverb is used as a modifier of a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It gives additional
information about the verb, adjective, and another adverb.
For example:
i. Amy speaks French fluently, (an adverb that describe a verb)
ii. The teacher extremely mad because his students did not prepare themselves before
class. (an adverb that describe an adjective)
iii. Sarah walks very slowly. (an adverb that describe another adverb)
 It shows something like manner, place, time, or level of certainty.
 An adverb cannot be put after a noun.
 Commonly adverbs can be identified by the 'ly' at the end of an adjective, but there are some
adverbs which do not end with the 'ly' format. Some examples of the 'adjective +ly adverbs
format are: slow-slowly, fluent-fluently, easy-casily, quick-quickly, angry angrily, correct-
correctly, proud-proudly, loud-loudly, rapid-rapidly, immediate-immediately, happy-happily.

Other examples of adverbs are well, tight, straight, late, very, too, fast, hard, high, wrong, right,
low, there, here, deep, far.

UNIT 3 POSSESIVE NOUN & COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVE

Possessive Noun is a very useful way to show possession or ownership of something. We can use
possessive noun in any context, be it academically, professionally, or daily context. It is because we
always need to elaborate the ownership of things surround us. Therefore, it is important to understand and
use possessive noun in a proper manner. In addition to that, we often need to compare things to inform or
to confirm their size. We use the Comparative Adjective for that purpose.

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Possessive Noun and the use of Apostrophe

Mostly, we form a possessive noun by adding "the apostrophes" or only the apostrophe at the end of a
noun, depending on the noun type.

Comparative Adjective

In comparing things, we can use simple comparative, that is between two things. But we also can compare
more than two things, and that is where we use the superlative adjective.

UNIT 4 PREPOSITION

Another important element of English language is the preposition. It tells us the specific
information about the object on our sentence, therefore, the preposition is commonly found before the
noun or the pronoun. The preposition helps us understand the meaning of a sentence completely.

UNIT 5 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Simple present tense and Present Continuous Tense are showing the current activities.
Specifically, we use a simple present tense to state common facts or daily routine, while a present
continuous tense is used to state anything which still occurring while we are speaking. Both are
happening at the present time.

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present tense is a form of the verb most commonly used in the English language, which is used to
reveal the factual events and habitual, general or not general.

The pattern of Simple Present Tense:

(+) Subject + Verb 1+ (e/es) + Object.

(-) Subject + Do/Does +not+ Verb 1 + Object.

(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object?

Examples:

(+) Father reads a newspaper.

(-) Father does not read a newspaper.

(?) Does father read a newspaper

Yes, he does, or No, he does not.

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 From the example above, we understand that when we use the third person subject (she, he, it),
then in the simple present tense, we have to add e/es at the end of the verb. But, when we use a first- or
second-person subject, the verb is omitted from e/es.

In Simple Present Tense, we also use the Nominal Sentence, that is a sentence without a verb on it. We
use it to state factual information.

The pattern for Nominal sentence:

(+) Subject + to be + (noun / adjective/adverb).

(-) Subject + to be +not+ (noun / adjective/adverb).

(?) To be + Subject + (noun / adjective / adverb)?

Examples:

(+) They are students.

(-) They are not students.

(?) Are they students

Yes, they are. or No, they are not

UNIT 6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

In real-world conversations, we always need to talk about or share what we have done or
experienced before. The simple past tense and the past continuous tense are used to describe some
activities that happened in the past.

Simple Past Tense

When we talk about an activity that we have done before, we are using the simple past tense.

The pattern of Simple Past Tense:

(+) Subject + Verb 2+ Object.

(-) Subject + did +not+ Verb 2 + Object.

(?) Did + Subject + Verb 2+ Object?

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Examples:

(+) Father read a newspaper.

(-) Father did not read a newspaper.

(?) Did father read a newspaper

Yes, he did. or No, he did not.

In Simple Past Tense, it is important to know the past form of a verb, it is commonly said a Verb 2 form.
Commonly, the Verb-2 form of a verb formed by adding ed to the verb. We can look example 2 for this
kind of verb. The verb that ended with ed is called the regular verb.

Another kind of verb is the irregular verb, which will be different from its Verb 1. We need to
check the Verb-2 form for this kind of verb (see Appendix 1). The first example shows us that the verb 2
of read is also read, but to make sure whether it is a past tense or a present tense, we need to take a closer
look at the verb. The present tense will end with e/es for a third person subject. For the first-or second-
person, we need to look at additional information to know the context of speech.

As in the Simple Present Tense, we also use the Nominal Sentence in a Simple Past Tense. We
use it to state information which true in the past. The pattern for Nominal sentence:

(+) Subject + (was/were) + (noun / adjective/adverb).

(-) Subject+ (was/were) + not + (noun / adjective/adverb).

(?) (Was/Were) + Subject + (noun / adjective/adverb)?

Examples:

(+) We were students of Universitas Negeri Medan.

(-) We were not students of Universitas Negeri Medan.

(?) Were you students of Universitas Negeri Medan?

Yes, we were. or No, we were not.

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense is used to reveal that an action is occurring at a certain time in the past.
There are usually two incidents in the past and one event interrupting another. The interrupted incident
that uses the past continuous tense.

The pattern of Past Continuous Tense:

(+) Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing.

(-) Subject + to be (was/were) +not+ verb-ing.

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 (?) To be (was/were) + Subject + verb-ing?

We use past continuous tense to show that something was happening at a certain time in the past. Usually,
we use it along with the simple past tense to point out that one activity was done while another activity
was still occurring in the past. Thus, we understand the context or the time frame of the activity

Examples:

(+) Ria was listening to music when Adi knocked at my door.

(-) Ria was not listening to music when Adi knocked at my door.

(?) Was Ria listening to music when Adi knocked at my door.

Yes, she was or No, she was not.

UNIT 7 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE DAN PRESENT PREFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense to say about something that
happened in the past, but it still has connection to the present. Often, we need to share about our activities
that we have started in the past and continue to occur in the present and maybe ended in the present time.

Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense is a tense used to describe an activity that has been done at this time, called perfect
because the activity has happened or has completed. perfectly at this time or present.

For this reason, it can be said that the present perfect tense is a combined time form of the past and the
present. But of course, attachment to the present is much more emphasized. The present perfect tense is
usually used in everyday dialogue, correspondence, and news in newspapers, radio, and television.

Example: I have studied Geography from 6 o'clock in the morning.

This means that the subject has performed the action/activity in the past and within a certain time, Le
from 6 am. In addition, subjects may still perform such activities until the present or in the unknown time.

The pattern of Present Perfect Tense:

(+) Subject + have/has + verb-3+ (object).

(-) Subject + have/has+not+ verb-3+ (object).

(?) Have/has + Subject + verb-3+ (object)?

Note that the verb-3 is the past participle form of a verb use in the sentence.

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Examples:

(+) Nanda has given up his scholarship.

(-) Nanda has not given up his scholarship.

(?) Has Nanda given up his scholarship?

"Yes, he has" or "No, he hasn't."

The Present perfect has various information phrases to explain things that have been done in the past and
are still related to the present. Some phrases related to the use of present perfect tense are: just, this
morning, this afternoon, this week, lately, recently, for, and since. But without a hint of any time, the
present perfect tense can still be used.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is a tense form used to express activities that have started in the past
and still continue today, as well as those that have ended in the past anyway.

Example:

Farah has been writing the novel since she was in her twenties and she just finished it this week at her
thirtieth birthday.

Actions in the present perfect continuous tense generally have a certain duration of time in the past and of
course still, have a relationship with the current condition. Therefore, in the use of present perfect
continuous tense usually come the use of phrases that state a certain time which refers to how long the
action or activity has taken place.

The pattern of Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

(+) Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing.

(-) Subject + have/ has + not + been + verb-ing.

(?) Have/Has + Subject + been + verb-ing?

Example:

(+) I have been studying in this university for three years.

(-) I have not been studying in this university.

(?) Have you been studying in this university for three years?

"Yes, I have been studying in this university for three years." or

"No, I have not been studying in this university for three years."

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In addition to that, the Present Perfect Continuous tense can be used to confirm that someone has done
something for some time, in the past, by looking of its result in the present time.

UNIT 8 PAST PERFECT TENSE AND PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past Perfect Tense and Past Perfect Continuous Tense use to re-tell two actions or more that
happened at a certain time in the past. When we talk and discuss something with our friends or colleague
or new acquittances, we often ask about the other party's information, such as what they have done in the
past and other kinds of stuff in their past as we want to know more about them.

Past Perfect Tense indicate that a completed action happened earlier than something else.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense often creates a kind of background for the rest of the sentence.

UNIT 9 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE AND FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense explains or states some actions or activities to be performed by the subject in the
future. It declares an activity that will happen or still a plan.

Example: I will meet you tomorrow morning.

In addition, simple future tense can also be used to show promises made to be implemented in the future.

Example: I shall help you with the project next week.

Simple Future Tense is usually marked with the word 'Will' or 'Shall' which mean "going to". Then is
there any difference in using 'Will' and 'Shall'? A simple explanation of the difference between 'Will and
Shall' use in showing future's acts is, "Shall' is used with the first-person subject: I and We, while Will
can be used for all subjects: You, They, He, She, It.

Another way to use Simple Future Tense is by using 'to be + going to'.

‘to be + going to' is usually used for actions or activities that have been planned or intended previously. In
addition, to be going to' is also used to express our assumption that something is about to happen.
Therefore, the action or activity in a simple future tense form with 'to be going to' is most likely will be
executed or done immediately.

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The pattern of Simple Future Tense:

Sentence Mode will/shall [to be] + going to

(+) Subject+ [will]/[shall]+Verb-1 + Subject + [to be] + going to + Verb-1

(-) Subject+ [will]/[shall] + not+ Verb-1 Subject+ [to be]+not+going to + Verb-1

(?) [Will]/[Shall] + subject+ [to be] +Verb-1? + subject + [going to] Verb-1? +

 Replace the Subject with: I, We, You, They, He, She, It.
 Replace [to be] according to the subject you use: am, are, is.
 Use Verb-1 form or infinitive verb.

Examples:

(+) I am going to go to the book store at three o'clock.

(-) I am not going to go to the book store at three o'clock.

(?) Are you going to go to the book store at three o'clock?

Yes, I am / No, I am not.

Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense is a form of time or tense used to express actions or activitic that are expected to
occur in the future. Future continuous tense is characterized by the use of the word "Will + be" and
followed by present participle form (an ending -ing verb or "V-ing"). Consider the following sample
continuous tense sentence:

Example: The students will be sitting in the classroom on Monday.

In addition, future continuous terise can also be used to indicate a commen activity or event that will
continuously happen in the later time or is expected to happen again in the future

The pattern of Future Continuous Tense:

(+) Subject + will/shall+be+verb-ing.

(-) Subject + will/shall+not++ be verb-ing.

(?) Will/Shall + Subject + be + verb-ing?

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Examples:

(+) I will be visiting your house when I finish my homework at 1 p.m.

(-) I will not be visiting your house when I finish my homework at 1 p.m.

(?) Will I be visiting your house when I finish my homework at 1 p.m.?

"Yes, you will."/"No, you will not."

UNIT 10 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE AND FUTURE PERFECT COUNTINUOUS TENSE

Future Perfect Tense

Future Perfect Tense is a tense to declare an action or activity that will have been completed or done in
the future or near future.

Some words to specify the certain time in the future are: by the time, By the end of for, next month, next
year, tonight, tomorrow, this afternoon, this evening, by next year, by next month.

The pattern of Future Perfect Tense:

(+) Subject + will have + verb-3+ (object).

(-) Subject +will+not+have+verb-3 + (object).

(?) Will + Subject + have + verb-3+ (object)?

Examples:

(+) Ria will have found a good job by the end of this month.

(-) Ria will not have found a good job by the end of this month.

(?) Will Ria have found a good job by the end of this month?

In addition to the above sentence pattern, there is also a sentence pattern for the following nominal
sentence:

(+) Subject + will have + verb-3+ noun / adjective/adverb.

(-) Subject +will+ not + have + verb-3 + noun / adjective / adverb.

(?) Will + Subject + have + verb-3+ noun / adjective/adverb?

Examples:

(+) I will have been a manager next year.

(-) They will not have been at school this evening.

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(?) Will you have been busy at the end of this week?

Future Perfect tense also used to describe an action or activity that will have been done or finished before
another activity occurred in the future.

 I will have cooked for dinner by the time you arrive home.
 Before you come, they will not have watched the movie.
 Will we have gone to Australia by the time the girl comes here?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Future Perfect Continuous tense used to inform or to confirm that an action or activity has been done and
may continue in the future. So, future perfect continuous tense is a series of actions that occur before a
certain time in the future.

Some words to specify certain times in the future: for, for a week for two years, by the end of, by, by
tomorrow, at this time, at this time tomorrow, when, before, this year /month/week, next year /
month/week.

The pattern of Future Perfect Continuous Tense:

(+) Subject + will have been + verb-ing.

(-) Subject+will+not+ have been + verh-ing.

(?) Will + Subject + have been + verb-ing?

Examples:

(+) They will have been watching a movie at this time tomorrow,

(-) They will have not been watching a movie at this time tomorrow.

(?) Will they have been watching a movie at this time tomorrow?

In addition to the above sentence pattern which is a verbal sentence, there is also a sentence pattern for the
nominal sentence in the Future Perfect Continuous Tense as follows:

(+) Subject + will have been +noun/ adjective/adverb.

(-) Subject+will+not+ have been + noun / adjective / adverb.

(?) Will + Subject + have been + noun /adjective/adverb?

Examples:

(+) I will have been being a teacher by the end of this year.

(-) He will have been being a student in this university nextmonth.

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(?) Will they have been being my friends when I study in this university?

UNIT 11 QUESTION WORDS

Question Words

We use question words to ask certain types of questions. We often refer to them as WH question words
because they include the letters WH (for example: Why, How). WH-Questions

We use some forms of WH question words to get some information we need from other people. We also
use them to help us analyse an argument, news, or any subject that we learn. It helps us develop our
analytical thinking and lead us to think critically. There are six basic forms of WH question words, they
are: What, When, Where, Why, Who, and How (see Figure 14).

To form a question from a given text or argument, we can look for the Subje and Predicate pattern of the
sentence and then transform it to the following structure:

[WH question words] + [to belauxiliary verb/linking verb] +[Subject/Object]+[verb]?

UNIT 12 PASSIVE VOICE

Passive Voice used when we want to put the object that experience an action becomes the main character
in our sentence or conversation. We use "by" to show the one who done the action.

To understand the pattern of a passive voice sentence, we need to the active voice. Below is the pattern
transformation from an active voice to a passive voice. compare it

Active Voice Passive Voice

Subject + verb + object Object to be + verb-3+ (by + Subject)

2.2 Ringkasan Isi Buku Pembanding

UNIT 1WHAT IS GRAMMAR

Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject
and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever
since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and
sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people.

UNIT 2 THE CAPITAL LETTER

The capital letter is also called a big letter or upper case letter, or sometimes just a capital.

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UNIT 3 NOUS

 Common Nouns, Nouns are divided into common nouns and proper nouns. Common nouns are
words for people, animals, places, or things. These are words for people. They are common nouns.
 Proper Nouns, Proper nouns are names for particular people, places or things. They always begin
with a capital letter.
 Singular Nouns, Nouns can be singular or plural. When you are talking about one person, animal,
place, or thing, use a singular noun.
 Plural Nouns, When you are talking about two or more people, animals, places, or things, use plural
nouns. Most nouns are made plural by adding -s at the end.
 Collective Nouns, Collective nouns are words for groups of people, animals or things. These are
nouns for groups of people.
 Masculine and Feminine Nouns, Masculine nouns are words for men and boys, and male animals.
Feminine nouns are words for women and girls, and female animals.

UNIT 4 PRONOUNS

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a common noun or a proper noun. There are different
kinds of pronouns.

 Personal Pronouns, The words I, you, he, she, it, we and they are called personal pronouns. They
take the place of nouns and are used as the subject of the verb in a sentence.
- The words me, you, him, her, it, us and them are also personal pronouns. They also take the
place of nouns. These pronouns are used as the object of the verb in a sentence.
 Reflexive Pronouns, The words myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves and themselves are called reflexive pronouns. They refer to the person or
animal that is the subject of the verb.
 Interrogative Pronouns, The words who, whom, whose, what and which are called interrogative
pronouns. These pronouns are used to ask questions.
 Demonstrative Pronouns, The words this, these, that and those are called demonstrative pronouns.
They are showing words.

UNIT 5 ADJECTIVES

An adjective is a describing word. It tells you more about a noun. An adjective usually appears
before the noun it describes. Sometimes, though, the adjective appears after the noun, later in the
sentence.

 Adjective Endings, Adjectives have different endings. Some adjectives end in -ful or -less.
 Kinds of Adjectives, There are different kinds of adjectives. Some adjectives describe the qualities of
nouns.
 Comparison of Adjectives, When you compare two people or things, use the comparative form of
the adjective. Lots of comparative adjectives end in -er.

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UNIT 6 DETERMINERS

Determiners are words such as this, those, my, their, which. They are special adjectives that are
used before nouns.

 The Articles, The words a, an and the belong to this group of words called determiners. The words a
and an are called indefinite articles. You can use them with singular nouns to talk about any single
person or thing.The word the is called the definite article. Use the before a noun when you are talking
about a certain person or thing.
 Demonstrative Determiners, The words this, that, these and those are determiners. They are used to
tell which thing or person you mean. These words are called demonstrative determiners, or
demonstrative adjectives.
 Interrogative Determiners, Use the words what, which and whose before nouns to ask about people
or things. These words are called interrogative determiners or interrrogative adjectives.
 Possessive Determiners, The words my, your, his, her, its, our, their are called possessive
determiners or posessive adjectives. Use these words before nouns to say who something belongs to.

UNIT 7 VERBS AND TENSES

Most verbs are action words. They tell you what people, animals or things are doing.

 The Simple Present Tense, The simple present tense expresses a general truth or a customary action.
Use the simple present tense to talk about things that are planned for the future.
 Am, Is and Are, The words am, is, are are also verbs, but they are not action words. They are the
simple present tense of the verb be.
- Use am with the pronoun I, and is with the pronouns he,
- she and it. Use are with the pronouns you, we and they.
 The Present Progressive Tense, When do you use the present progressive tense? To talk about
actions in the present, or things that are still going on or happening now. Use the present progressive
tense to talk about things you have planned to do, or things that are going to happen in the future. To
form the present progressive tense, use am, is and are as helping verbs or auxiliary verbs.
 Have and Has, The verbs have and has are used to say what people own or possess. They are also
used to talk about things that people do or get, such as illnesses. These words are the simple present
tense of the verb have.
 The Present Perfect Tense, Use the present perfect tense to talk about happenings in the past that
explain or affect the present. The verbs have and has are used as “helping” or auxiliary verbs to form
the present perfect tense.
 The Simple Past Tense, Use the simple past tense to talk about things that happened in the past. The
simple past tense is also used to talk about things that happened in stories.
 Regular and Irregular Verbs, The simple past tense of most verbs ends in -ed. These verbs are
called regular verbs.The simple past form of some verbs does not end in -ed. Such verbs are called
irregular verbs.The simple past tense of some irregular verbs does not change at all.

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 Was and Were, The verbs was and were are also forms of the verb be. Was is the simple past tense
of am and is. Use was with the pronouns I, he, she and it, and with singular nouns.
 The Past Progressive Tense, Use the past progressive tense to talk about actions that were going on
at a certain moment in the past.
 The Future Tense, Use the future tense for things that have not happened yet, but are going to
happen. Use the verbs shall and will as helping verbs or auxiliary verbs to form the future tense.
 Can and Could, The verbs can and could are both helping or auxiliary verbs. Use can and could to
talk about people’s ability to do things. Can and could are used with the pronouns I, you, he, she, it,
we and they, and with singular or plural nouns. Could is the past tense of can.
 May and Might, May and might are helping or auxiliary verbs, too.
- Use may to ask if you are allowed to do something, or to give someone permission to do
something.
- May is also used to talk about things that are likely to happen.
- Might is used as the past tense of may.
 Do, Does and Did, Use do, does and did to talk about actions.Use do with the pronouns I, you, we
and they, and with plural nouns. Use does with the pronouns he, she and it, and singular nouns.Did is
the simple past tense of do and does.
 Would and Should, The verb would is another helping or auxiliary verb. Use would as the past tense
of will. Should is a helping or auxiliary verb. Use should to talk about necessary actions or things that
people ought to do.

UNIT 8 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT

When you write a sentence you must make sure that the subject and the verb agree. If the subject
is a singular noun, or the pronoun he, she or it, you need a singular verb.Use a plural verb if the subject is
a plural noun, or the pronoun we, you or they. Collective nouns may be used with either singular or plural
verbs. If the group members are all acting together as one, use a singular verb. If the members of the
group are acting as individuals, use a plural verb.

UNIT 9 ADVERBS

An adverb is a word that describes a verb. It tells you about an action, or the way something is
done. A lot of adverbs end in -ly. Some adverbs describe the way something is done. They are called
adverbs of manner. Some adverbs describe when something happens. They are called adverbs of time.
Some adverbs tell you where something happens. They are called adverbs of place.

UNIT 10 PREPOSITIONS

A preposition is a word that connects one thing with another, showing how they are related.
Some prepositions tell you about position or place.

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UNIT 11 CONJUNCTIONS

A conjunction is a linking word such as and, or, but. Conjunctions are used to connect words or
sentences. The words before, after, as, when, while, until, since, are also conjunctions. They tell when
something happens, so they are called conjunctions of time.

UNIT 12 INTERJECTIONS

An interjection is a word that expresses a sudden, strong feeling such as surprise, pain, or
pleasure.

UNIT 13 SENTENCES

What is a Sentence?

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. A sentence must have a subject
and a verb, but it may or may not have an object.

 Kinds of Sentences, There are four kinds of sentences.

- A declarative sentence makes a statement.
- An interrogative sentence asks a question.
- An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion.
- An imperative sentence gives an order.
 The Imperative, Use the base form of a verb to give commands or make direct requests. This use of
the verb is called the imperative. Imperatives are a very direct way of telling people to do something.
Using do or please before an imperative is more polite.
 The Subject and the Object, The subject of a sentence sometimes does something to someone or
something else. The person or thing that receives the action is called the object.
 Direct and Indirect Objects, Some verbs have two objects. The direct object receives the action of
the verb. The indirect object tells to whom or for whom the action is done.
 Positive and Negative Sentences, A positive sentence tells you that something is so. A sentence that
tells you something is not so is called a negative sentence. It contains a negative word like not, never,
no, no one, nobody, none, or a negative verb like isn’t or can’t or won’t.
 Questions, There are two kinds of questions: yes or no questions and wh- questions.
- You ask a yes or no question to get yes or no as the answer. Use the verbs be, have or do, or any
of the helping verbs, to ask yes or no questions.
- In questions, the helping or auxiliary verbs come before the subject of the sentence. When be and
have are used as ordinary verbs, they come before the subjects, too.
- To ask for facts, use the question words what, which, who, whom, how, when, where. The
helping verbs in wh- questions usually come before the subject. So does the verb be when it is
used as an ordinary verb.

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 - If the wh- question word is the subject of the question, it comes before the verb.
For example: Who told you that?
What made you change your mind?

UNIT 14 PUNCTUATION

Punctuation marks are signs such as periods, commas and question marks. You use them in
sentences to make the meaning clear.

 Period, You put a period at the end of a sentence.

 Comma
- Use a comma between nouns and noun phrases in a list. example: I bought two apples, three
oranges and some grapes. He enjoys tennis, badminton, skating and football. At school we study
English, math, science, history and geography.
- Use commas between adjectives when you use several of them to describe something.
example: A giraffe is a tall, long-necked, long-legged animal. He is a tall, handsome, smart and
ambitious young man.
- Use a comma after yes and no, and before please in sentences. You also use a comma before or
after the name of the person you are speaking to.
 Exclamation Point, An exclamation point is often used after a command, an interjection, or a word
that shows surprise or anger.
 Question Mark , Use a question mark after a question.
 Apostrophe, Use an apostrophe with an s (’s) to show who owns something. The ’s is added after
singular nouns or names.

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 BAB III

PEMBAHASAN

3.1 Keunggulan Buku Utama

1. Materi yang dijabarkan dalam buku ini sangat lengkap dan mudah untuk dipahami.
2. Dalam setiap materi penulis juga membuat rumusan-rumusan dalam bentuk table yang mudah
untuk di pelajari pembaca.
3. Buku ini juga banyak memberikan soal latihan yang memudahkan pembaca menguasai
materi.
4. Selain itu buku ini juga banyak terdapat contoh-contoh soal.

3.2 Kelemahan Buku Utama

1. Didalam buku terdapat gambar-gambar yang kurang jelas dan sulit untuk dimengerti.
2. Di beberapa bagian masih terdapat penulisan kata yang tidak terlalu jelas, dikarenakan buku
ini softcopy.

3.3 Keunggulan Buku Pembanding

1. Buku ini banyak memberikan materi-materi bagi pemula untuk belajar memahami grammer.
2. Buku ini memiliki banyak pewarnaan yang membuat pembaca nyamam melihatnya.
3. Banyak terdapat gambar-gambar percakapan yang memudahkan pembaca untuk mengerti
materi tersebut.
4. Buku ini juga banyak memberikan soal-soal dan pembahasannya.

4.4 Kelemahan Isi Buku Pembanding

1. Materi yang diberikan dalam buku ini tidak dijabarkan secara jelas.
2. Contoh yang diberikan juga tidak mendetail.

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 BAB IV

PENUTUP

4.1 Kesimpulan

Setelah membaca kedua buku ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa buku pertama lebih cocok
digunakan pelajar/mahasiswa sebagai bahan pembelajaran, karena didalam buku ini materi yang
diberikan cukup banyak dan buku ini juga memberikan pemahaman yang baik. Namun terlepas dari
itu kedua buku ini juga cocok digunakan sebagai bahan pembelajaran.

4.2 Saran

Kelebihan dari kedua buku tersebut sudah cukup baik da nada kalanya agar lebih diperkuat lagi.
Mengenai kekurangan isi buku supaya lebih diteliti lagi untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih maksimal.

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Simbolon,Naeklan. 2018. Integrated English. Denpasar-Bali. Jayapangus Press.

Seaton,Anne. 2018. Basic English Grammar. Amerika Serikat. Saddleback Educational Publishing.

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