LITERATURE REVIEW:
KORELASI KADAR KARBONIL PLASMA DENGAN
NILAI MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION PADA LANJUT USIA
Abstract: Elderly is defined as a 60 years old or older person. Elderly is closely related to aging
process and diseases. Cognitive impairment frequently found in older people are likely to develop
public health problems since the incident keep increasing. One of the mechanisms which play important
role in cognitive impairment in elderly is oxidative stress. The literature review was written with the
aim of giving explanation about the involment of oxidative stress towards cognitive impairment in
elderly. Research method using literature review was done through searched published articles about
relationship between oxidative stress and cognitive function in elderly using MMSE. The literature
searching was done on October – December 2020 on database PubMed-MEDLINE, Science Direct,
and Google Scholar. This review used articles in English published between 2005-2020. Review of 10
published articles evidenced oxidative stress (methylglyoxal/MG in plasma carbonyl) generated
cognitive impairment in elderly.
Abstrak: Lanjut usia (lansia) merupakan individu yang berusia 60 tahun atau lebih. Lansia erat
kaitannya dengan proses penuaan dan penyakit. Gangguan kognitif yang sering terjadi pada lansia dapat
menimbulkan masalah kesehatan masyarakat karena jumlahnya yang terus meningkat. Salah satu
mekanisme yang berperan penting dalam terjadinya gangguan kognitif pada lansia ialah stres oksidatif.
Penulisan literature review ini dilakukan untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai keterlibatan stres
oksidatif terhadap timbulnya gangguan kognitif pada lansia. Metode review dilakukan melalui literature
review dengan mencari artikel terkait hubungan stres oksidatif dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia
menggunakan MMSE yang sudah dipublikasikan dalam jurnal-jurnal. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan
pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2020 melalui database PubMed-MEDLINE, Science Direct, dan
Google scholar. Artikel yang digunakan merupakan artikel berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan antara
tahun 2005-2020. Hasil tinjauan terhadap 10 artikel yang sudah dipublikasi menunjukkan stres oksidatif
(karbonil plasma dalam bentuk metilglioksal/MG sebagai oksidan) menimbulkan gangguan kognitif
pada lansia.
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Tabel 1. Korelasi kadar karbonil plasma dengan nilai MMSE pada lansia
Peneliti/ Metode
No. Judul Penelitian Subjek Penelitian Kesimpulan
Tahun Penelitian
1. Baierle Relationship - lansia di rumah Cross- Ditemukan korelasi
et al., between perawatan (n=32) sectional negatif antara kadar
201516 Inflammation and usia rata-rata 79 study PC dengan nilai
Oxidative Stress and tahun MMSE. Hal ini
Cognitive Decline in - lansia tidak di membuktikan bahwa
the Institutionalized rumah perawatan terjadinya stres
Elderly (n=25) usia rata- oksidatif dapat
rata 71 tahun menyebabkan
gangguan fungsi
kognitif.
2 Haddad Methylglyoxal and - pasien AD (n=49) Case Kadar MG dan GO
et al., Glyoxal as Potential usia rata-rata 80 control meningkat pada pasien
201919 Peripheral tahun study MCI. Gangguan
Markers for MCI - pasien MCI kognitif pada AD
Diagnosis and Their (n=16) usia rata- dikaitkan dengan
Effects on the rata 74 tahun kenaikan kadar MG
Expression of - kontrol (n=15) yang disebabkan oleh
Neurotrophic, usia rata-rata 69 peningkatan produksi
Inflammatory and tahun atau terganggunya
Neurodegenerative detoksifikasi
Factors in Neurons dikarbonil.
and in
Neuronal Derived-
Extracellular
Vesicles
3 Beeri et Serum concentration 267 lansia berusia ≥ Longitudi- Kenaikan kadar MG
al., of an inflammatory 75 tahun dengan nal study mempercepat
201130 glycotoxin, minimal 1 kali penurunan nilai
methylglyoxal, is follow-up dalam MMSE. Kenaikan
associated with jangka waktu 6,5 kadar MG
increased cognitive tahun menandakan
decline in elderly kerusakan sel otak.
individuals
4 Cai et Oral glycotoxins are 93 lansia sehat Longitudi- Kadar MG yang tinggi
al., a modifiable cause berusia ≥ 60 tahun nal study menurunkan nilai
201431 of dementia dengan 2 kali MMSE pada lansia
and the metabolic evaluasi kadar MG sehat dalam kurun
syndrome in mice dan nilai MMSE waktu 9 bulan. Kadar
and humans yang berjarak 9 MG yang tinggi dapat
bulan menimbulkan
gangguan kognitif
seiring waktu.
5 Srikanth Methylglyoxal, 378 lansia berusia Cross- Semakin besar kadar
et al., Cognitive Function 60-85 tahun sectional MG maka semakin
201332 and Cerebral study besar gangguan
memori (HVLT-R dan
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Peneliti/ Metode
No. Judul Penelitian Subjek Penelitian Kesimpulan
Tahun Penelitian
Atrophy in Older RCFT) dan fungsi
People eksekutif (WAIS-III
DSB, COWAT,
Animal Category
Fluency, dan VST).
6 Ahmed Protein glycation, - pasien AD (n=32) Case Penelitian
et al., oxidation and usia rata-rata 71 control menunjukkan korelasi
200533 nitration adduct tahun study negatif antara MMSE
residues and free - kontrol (n=18) dan MG.
adducts of usia rata-rata 69
cerebrospinal fluid tahun
in Alzheimer’s
disease and link to
cognitive impairment
7 Haddad Circulating and - pasien AD (n=38) Case Ditemukan korelasi
et al., Extracellular usia rata-rata 80 control negatif antara kadar
201939 Vesicles Levels of N- tahun study CML dengan nilai
(1-Carboxymethyl)- - pasien MCI MMSE dan MoCA.
L-Lysine (CML) (n=14) usia rata- Kadar CML dapat
Differentiate Early rata 73 tahun dijadikan marker
to Moderate - kontrol (n=13) untuk diagnosis dini
Alzheimer’s Disease usia rata-rata 70 AD
tahun
8 Ge et al, Relationships among - pasien gangguan Case Penelitian
201349 serum C-reactive kognitif (n=377) control menunjukkan bahwa
protein, receptor for usia rata-rata 63 study RAGE berkorelasi
advanced glycation tahun negatif dengan nilai
products, metabolic - kontrol (n=66) MMSE dan MoCA.
dysfunction, and usia rata-rata 55 Maka kadar RAGE
cognitive tahun yang tinggi
impairments menimbulkan efek
negatif terhadap fungsi
kognitif.
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