01 Pengantar ESIA
01 Pengantar ESIA
Environmental and
Social Impact
Assessment (ESIA)
Dr. Asep Sofyan
Prodi Teknik Lingkungan ITB
Email: asepsofyan@gmail.com
HP/WA 081322902009,
• Paparan Erik Teguh Primiantoro, S.Hut.,
MES, Direktur PDLKWS, dalam Pelatihan
Dasar-Dasar Amdal EcoEdu.id, tanggal 1
September 2021
Sumber • Paparan Ir. Ary Sudijanto, MSE (Direktur
paparan PDLUK, Direktorat Pencegahan Dampak
Lingkungan Usaha Dan Kegiatan, KLHK)
dalam Webinar EcoEdu.id berjudul Regulasi
Amdal Pasca UUCK pada tanggal 22 Juli 2021
• UU 11/2020 tentang Cipta Kerja
2
Sejarah Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)
5
• Di Indonesia, EIA (AMDAL) mulai diterapkan secara formal pada tahun
1982 melalui penerapan Undang-undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1982
namun belum dilaksanakan secara luas karena belum adanya
pedoman pelaksanaan yang lebih rinci.
• Barulah pada tahun 1986 ketika Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 29
Tahun 1986 tentang AMDAL mulai diberlakukan, AMDAL secara
sistematis mulai dilaksanakan dan bahkan cenderung sangat ekstensif
karena banyak sekali kegiatan yang diwajibkan menyusun AMDAL dan
melakukan evaluasi lingkungan melalui Studi Evaluasi Mengenai
Dampak Lingkungan, SEMDAL.
6
Perkembangan Kebijakan AMDAL di Indonesia
PP 27/2012
OSS
Integrasi IL dalam
(PP 24/2018)
Proses Amdal & UKL- PP
UPL
revitalisasi 2012 2018 22/2021
2010 2021
Perbaikan
(PP 27/1999)
1999
Pengembangan
(PP 51/1993)
1993
tonggak awal
(PP 29/1986)
1986
2020
UU 11/2020
2009
UU 32/2009
1997
UU 23/1997
1982
“Revolusi Perizinan”: UU 4/1982 Sumber: KLHK, 2021
1. PP No 24/2018, Perizinan Melalui (OSS);
2. PP No. 22/2021 7
Status
Pelaksanaan
AMDAL di Asia
Timur
8
Pengembangan
Instrumen EIA di
Berbagai
Institusi
9
Environment and Sosial Impact Assessment
(ESIA)
• ESIA dipergunakan untuk menganalisis dampak potensial dari
proposal pembangunan tertentu
• ESIA dilakukan dalam konteks proposal pembangunan yang terdefinisi
dengan baik dimana rincian konstruksi dan operasional dari alternatif
pengembangan diketahui
• ESIA mencakup penilaian kontribusi proyek terhadap akumulasi
dampak dan mengusulkan langkah-langkah mitigasi
• Pada tahun 2012, IFC (International Finance Corporation)
mengeluarkan IFC Performance Standards yang dikenal dengan ESIA
• IFC adalah bagian dari World Bank
10
11
Environmental and Social Safeguard Framework
Landscape
Sustainability
3
Examine alternatives
1 2 4 7
Conduct an
Use a Screening Prepara an Implement EMP and
Environmental
Process EMP Monitor its effectiveness
Assessment
Do not
implement Apply pollution Conserve physical
Provide worker with
project activities prevention and control cultural resources
safe and heatlty
in areas of critical technologies and avoid destroying or
working conditions
habitat practices damaging them
8 9 11 10
World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguards and Their Policy Objectives
The World Bank Environmental and Social Framework
1) ESS1: Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts (June 2018; with
tracked changes)
2) ESS2: Labor and Working Conditions (June 2018; with tracked changes)
3) ESS3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Management (June 2018; with tracked
changes)
4) ESS4: Community Health and Safety (June 2018; with tracked changes)
5) ESS5: Land Acquisition, Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement (June2018; with
tracked changes)
6) ESS6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources (June
2018; with tracked changes)
7) ESS7: Indigenous Peoples/Sub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local
Communities (June 2018; with tracked changes)
8) ESS8: Cultural Heritage (June 2018; with tracked changes)
9) ESS9: Financial Intermediaries (June 2018; with tracked changes)
10) ESS10: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure (June 2018; with tracked changes)
Environmental Safeguard Requirements for Normal Operations
The normal World Bank Policy for Environmental Assessment is guided
by Operational Policy/Bank Procedure (OP/BP) 4.01 and consists of seven
basic elements1:
1. Screening
2. Environmental assessment (EA) documentation requirements
3. Public consultation
4. Disclosure
5. Review and approval of EA documentation
6. Conditionality in loan agreements
7. Arrangements for supervision, monitoring, and reporting
Indonesian ESHIA and IFC Standard
IFC Performance Standards on Environmental
and Social Sustainability
EIA in Indonesia: ESHIA (Environmental, Social
and Health Impact Assessment)
PS1: Assessment & Management of
Environmental and Social Risks and
Impacts;
PS2: Labor & Working Conditions
PS3: Resource Efficiency & Pollution Prevention • Indonesia EIA Systems is relatively Equivalence
PS4: Community Health, Safety & Security with IFC/PS;
PS5: Land Acquisition & Involuntary
• UU 32/2009 UU CK No. 11/2020 and PP No.
Resettlement
22/2021 and MOE Regulation No. 16 of 2012 and
PS6: Biodiversity Conservation & Sustainable
No. 26/2018 related to Environmental Documents
Management of Living Natural Resources
provides “room of flexibilty” for incorporating IFC
PS7: Indigenous Peoples
Standard in conductiong EIA, including the
PS8: Cultural Heritage
Scoping Process
Note: EIA Policy Comparison that presents detailed comparison between Indonesia EIA Systems with IFC/PS
can be seen in the word file
EIA Policy Comparation: IFC/PS and Indonesian EIA Systems
EIA Policy Comparison presents detailed comparison between Indonesia EIA Systems with IFC/PS. The
comparison between Indonesia EIA Systems with IFC/PS can be summarized as follows:
1. Legal Framework: Indonesia EIA Systems is Equivalence with IFC/PS;
2. Overall Process: Indonesia EIA Systems has completed provisions compared to IFC/PS . For example, in
terms of Duration of EIA Process, Indonesia has specified duration of EIA Process. IFC/PS has not
specified duration of EIA
3. Organization Structures: Indonesia EIA Systems has completed provisions compared to IFC/PS;
4. Project Screening: Indonesia EIA Systems is Equivalence with IFC/PS;
5. Scoping: Indonesia EIA Systems is equivalence with IFC/PS;
6. Environmental Standards and Methodological Aspects, including: Parameter standards; Mythologies for
baseline measurement and impact evaluation: Indonesia EIA Systems is Equivalence with IFC/PS;
7. Impact Mitigation: Indonesia does not have detailed guideline related to impact mitigation;
8. Monitoring and Follow-up Actions: Indonesia EIA Systems is Equivalence with IFC/PS ;
9. Public/ Stakeholder Participation: Indonesia EIA Systems is Equivalence with IFC/PS . Indonesia has clear
and completed provisions related to Public/ Stakeholder Participation in EIA.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) PT SMI
1) 3 Kebijakan Safeguard
Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (PUU) ADB (SPS ADB 2009)
Pemerintah Indonesia 2) 10 Kebijakan Safeguard
WB;
3) 8 Kebijakan IFC
Environmental and Social
ESS Standard Management Framework (ESMF) Standar Internasional
PT SMI PT SMI
Memperinci:
1) Kebijakan;
2) Prinsip;
3) Prosedur detail pengelolaan lingkungan dan sosial;
4) Pengaturan kelembagaan dan alur kerja
Hukum dam PUU Indonesia Basis ESMF PT SMI
Hukum dan peraturan Indonesia digunakan sebagai dasar hukum bagi ESMF (Hukum dan
peraturan Indonesia tentang lingkungan, kesehatan, keselamatan dan isu sosial);
PT SMI melandaskan kerangka Environmental & Social Safeguard (ESS) pada sepuluh prinsip perlindungan
dasar:
1) ESS-1 - Penilaian dan Pengelolaan Risiko dan Dampak Lingkungan dan Sosial;
2) ESS-2 - Tenaga Kerja dan Kondisi Kerja;
3) ESS- 3 - Pencegahan dan Pengurangan Polusi;
4) ESS-4 - Keselamatan, Kesehatan dan Keamanan;
5) ESS-5 - Pembebasan Tanah dan Pemukiman Kembali;
6) ESS-6 - Konservasi Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam;
PT Sarana Multi
7) ESS-7 - Masyarakat Adat dan Masyarakat Setempat; Infrastruktur adalah
BUMN Pembiayaan
8) ESS-8 - Warisan Budaya; Infrastruktur
dibawah
9) ESS-9 - Konservasi Energi dan Lingkungan- Energi yang aman; dan Kementerian
10) ESS-10 - Konsultasi dan Mekanisme Keuangan RI
ESMF SMI: ESS-1 - Penilaian dan Pengelolaan Risiko dan Dampak
Lingkungan dan Sosial;
Pemenuhan aturan lingkungan ESS-1 - Penilaian dan
lingkungan dan sosial adalah hal Pengelolaan Risiko dan 1) Kapasitas dan Kompetensi
utama sebelum proyek dimulai. Dampak Lingkungan dan Organisasi
Sosial;
Hal ini melibatkan: 2) Pelatihan:
1) perizinan lingkungan, a. Tanggap Darurat dan
2) izin lokasi, Kesiapsiagaan;
Jika proyek tidak
memiliki izin b. Keterlibatan
3) izin pemanfaatan lahan, dan
lingkungan, izin lokasi, Masyarakat; dan
4) izin-izin lain c. Pemantauan,
maka proyek terssebut
yang diatur sesuai dengan tidak memenuhi peninjauan, dan
peraturan dan hukum Negara syarat untuk didanai pelaporan.
Republik Indonesia. oleh PT SMI.
ESMF SMI: ESS- 3 - Pencegahan dan Pengurangan Polusi