v

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ....................................................................
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN .............................................. iv
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. xi
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... xii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ...................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................... 2
1.3 Kegunaan Penelitian ............................................................. 14
1.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................. 15
1.5 Definisi Operasional ................................................................. 15

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................... 22
2.2 Energi Terbarukan ................................................................. 22
2.3 Biomassa ................................................................................... 27
2.4 Biofuel .............................................................................. 34
2.5 Mikroalga ............................................................................. 39
2.5.1 Penggolongan Mikroalga ........................................... 43
2.5.2 Pertumbuhan Mikroalga ............................................. 43
2.5.3 Masa Pertumbuhan Mikroalga ................................... 43
2.6 Mikroalga Spirulina ......................................................... 44
2.7 Potensi Mikroalga Sebagai Bahan Energi ............................. 47
2.8 Biodiesel dari Mikroalga ...................................................... 48
2.8.1 Keuntungan Mikroalga sebagai bahan energi ............. 58
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2.8.2 Pengembangbiakan Mikroalga .................................... 58

2.9 Dekomposisi Termal ............................................................. 69
2.10 Pirolisis ............................................................................... 73
2.11 Katalis ............................................................................... 90
2.12 Karbon Aktif ....................................................................... 91
2.12.1 Bentuk Karbon Aktif............................................................. 91
2.12.2 Sifat Karbon Aktif ............................................................. 91
2.13 Physical Properties ............................................................. 91
2.14 Chemical Properties ............................................................. 91
2.15 Ultimate Analysis ............................................................. 91
2.16 Kinetika Reaksi ............................................................. 91
2.16.1 Model Fitting .............................................................. 91
2.16.2 Iso-konvensional ............................................................. 91
2.17 Parameter Termodinamika....................................................... 91
2.18 Entalpi .............................................................................. 91
2.19 Energi Bebas Gibbs ............................................................. 91
2.20 Entropi ................................................................................. 91

BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN

3.1 Tempat Pelaksanaan Penelitian .......................................... 63
3.2 Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................ 64
3.3 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................. 66
3.4 Alur Penelitian ................................................................... 67
3.5 Langkah-langkah Rancangan Penelitian ............................. 67
3.6 Populasi Sampel .................................................................... 68
3.7 Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................... 69
3.8 Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 69
3.9 Analisis Data .................................................................... 69

BAB 4 HASIL PENELITIAN

4.1 Hasil Pengujian SEM-EDX ................................................. 67
4.2 Hasil Pengujian FTIR ....................................................... 67
4.3 Hasil Pengujian XRD .......................................................... 67
4.4 Hasil Pengujian XRF ........................................................... 67
4.5 Hasil Pengujian Proximate Analysis.......................................... 67
4.6 Hasil Pengujian Ultimate Analysis............................................. 67
4.7 Hasil Pengujian TGA................................................................. 67

BAB 5 PEMBAHASAN
5.1 Perubahan Unsur Kimia ........................................................ 69
5.2 Perubahan Gugus Fungsi ......................................................... 70
5.3 Pembahasan XRD ............................................................... 77
5.4 Pembahasan XRF ................................................................ 77
5.5 Pembahasan Proximate Analysis................................................ 77
5.6 Pembahasan Ultimate Analysis.................................................. 77
5.7 Pembahasan TGA....................................................................... 77
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BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................... 79
6.2 Saran .................................................................................... 80

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................... 87

LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... 94