WTP 604

MANAGEMENT OF PRECONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

COURSE OUTCOMES:

AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE PARTICIPANTS

SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
1. ADMINISTER CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL WORKS
DOCUMENTATION
2. COORDINATE SITE INVESTIGATION
3. PREPARE CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL METHOD
STATEMENT
4. PREPARE CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL WORK
PROGRAMME
5. ORGANISE PRELIMINARY ITEMS
6. ORGANISE SETTING OUT
7. ORGANISE SITE CLEARANCE

ADMINISTER CIVIL AND

STRUCTURAL WORKS
DOCUMENTATION

ALIRAN PROSES KONTRAK KERJA

(KAEDAH KONVENSIONAL)

Gagal

J/K Penilaian
Tender

Surat Setuju Terima

Berjaya

PERINGKAT
MENENDER

PENGANUGERAHAN
KONTRAK/MULA
KONRAK

(LA)
TEMPOH
PERLAKSANAAN
KERJA

TARIKH SIAP
ASAL / KONTRAK

TAK
SIAP

EOT
LULUS

Sijil Siap Kerja

TAK
LULUS

DENDA
KELEWATA
N

TARIKH SIAP
SEMASA /
SEBENAR

(CPC)
TEMPOH
TANGGUNG
KECACATAN

ADA KECACATAN

TIADA KECACATAN

GMGD

SIJIL SIAP BAIKI

KECACATAN

Kontrak
Tamat

BAIKI
KECACATA
N

Peringkat Menender:
MEMAHAMI & MELENGKAPKAN BORANG TENDER

(SYARAT WAJIB)

Para 3.
Dan selanjutnya, yang bertandatangan di bawah ini bersetuju
menyiapkan
Kerja-Kerja
itu
dalam
masa...............................
hari/minggu/bulan * dari tarikh pemilikan tapakbina atau dalam apa-apa
tempoh lanjutan yang diperuntukkan dalam Syarat-Syarat Kontrak
Para 4.
Jumlah amaun Tender ini ialah jumlah wang pukal sebanyak Ringgit
Malaysia

DENGAN PERKATAAN
iaitu,
RM...
ANGKA

Peringkat Menender:
MEMAHAMI & MELENGKAPKAN BORANG TENDER

(SYARAT WAJIB)

Bertarikh pada................ haribulan......... 20....

..................................................................
Tandatangan Pentender
Nama Penuh : ...........................................
Atas sifat : ...............................................
yang diberikuasa dengan sempurnanya
untuk menandatangani Tender ini untuk
dan bagi pihak:
.................................................................
Meterai atau cap Pentender

Saksi : ......................................................
Nama Penuh : ..........................................
Pekerjaan : ................................................
Alamat : ...................................................
....................................................

Selepas PenganugerahanTender:
MENYEMAK & MEMAHAMI SURAT SETUJU TERIMA

(A) TARIKH MILK TAPAK

(B) TARIKH SIAP
(C) JUMLAH HARGA KONTRAK
(A)

(B)
On
Completion

Initial Stage
-Contractual matter
(2 weeks)
Recurring stage
- constructional matter

Kerja awalan

Kerja Fizikal

TEMPOH DAN HARGA KONTRAK (RM)

DOKUMEN KONTRAK
Dokumen kontrak adalah merupakan suatu dokumen yang
merekodkan terma-terma kontrak bagi menjelaskan hak dan
tanggungjawab pihak-pihak yang berkontrak secara bertulis dan
sangat penting dalam pelaksanaan kerja pembinaan. Di antara
sebab lain mengapa Dokumen Kontrak diperlukan adalah seperti
berikut:
(a)ia boleh menjelaskan skop kerja yang perlu dilakukan;
(b) menetapkan harga dan tempoh siap; dan
(c) menjelaskan tindakan yang boleh diambil jika terdapat
sebarang kemungkiran atau pertikaian oleh mana-mana pihak.

SYARAT SEBELUM MEMULAKAN KONTRAK:

Para 7.
Yang bertandatangan di bawah ini berniat, jika Tender ini disetujuterima memilih
salah satu daripada bentuk Bon Pelaksanaan seperti berikut:
*(i)

Jaminan Bank/Bank Islam/Bank Pembangunan & Infrastruktur Malaysia

Berhad (BPIMB) atau

*(ii)

Jaminan Syarikat Kewangan atau

*(iii) Jaminan Insurans/Takaful atau

*(iv) Wang Jaminan Pelaksanaan yang dikenakan potongan sebanyak sepuluh
peratus (10%) daripada setiap bayaran interim sehingga mencapai jumlah
lima peratus (5%) daripada Jumlah Harga Kontrak.

MENDAPATKAN BON PERLAKSANAAN:

BON PERLAKSANAAN
5% x Contract Sum)

Bank
Gerenti
Ciri-ciri: 1 : 1
Wang dibekukan oleh bank selama
tempoh kontrak + Tempoh
Tanggungan Kecacatan(12 bln) +
3 bulan 14 hari

Jaminan
Insuran

Wang Jaminan
Perlaksanaan

Bayaran yang dikenakan:

Premium
Stamp duty
Colletural

Wang Jaminan Perlaksanaan

akan ditolak sebanyak 10%
daripada setiap bayaran interim
(mulai interim pertama)
sehingga ianya mencapai 5%
dari jumlah harga kontrak.

Kelebihan: No Losses dan dapat

faedah (interest) dari bank

Kelebihan: Jumlah wang tahanan

adalah rendah (cash colletural)

Kelebihan: Tiada perbelanjaan

untuk bon

Keburukan : Kekurangan Aliran

Tunai

Keburukan: Kontraktor akan

kerugian premium + part of
colletura ( 40%)

Keburukan: Bayaran interim akan

berkurangan (dalam tempoh
tertentu)

Tuntutan untuk melepaskan wang

tahanan boleh dibuat dengan
syarat: mengemukakan Sijil
Membaiki Kecacatan dan
surat dari klien kepada bank
yang membenarkan pelepasan
wang tahanan

N D A P A T K A N

(A)
Initial Stage
-Contractual matter
(2 weeks)

I N S U R A N

P O L

INSURAN TANGGUNGAN AWAM

PUBLIC (LIABILITY INSURANCE)
INSURAN KERJA (INSURANCE OF
WORK)
(B)
INSURANCE PAMPASAN PEKERJA
On
(WORKMEN COMPENSATION
Completion
INSURANCE - WCI)
Recurring stage
- constructional matter

ATAU

C.A.R POLISI (Kesemua risiko

kontraktor)
Merangkumi insuran tanggungan
awam dan insuran kerja sahaja

T A R A N

D E N G A N

P E R K E S O

Syarat-syaratnya:

(A)
Initial Stage
-Contractual matter
(2 weeks)

Kontraktor mesti mendaftar (buka akaun)

pekerja di bawah skim socso khusus untuk
projok berkenaan sahaja
(B)
On
Kontrajtor harus membuka
fail dengan pihak
Completion
socso untuk mendapatkan no fail majikan dan
penyenaraikan nama pekerja yang di
khususkan
untuk kerja berkenaan.
Recurring
stage
- constructional matter

Kelonggaran diberikan kepada kontraktor

dimana kontraktor boleh membuka fail
memadai dengan menyeranaikan sekurangkurangnya seorang pekerja. Senarai ini perlu
dikemaskini dari masa ke semasa mengikut
pertambahan bilangan pekerja yang terlibat.

M E M B A Y A R
(A)
Initial Stage
-Contractual matter
(2 weeks)

C I D B

L E V I

Bernilai 0.25% x Nilai

(B)
Kontrak
On
Completion

No fail CIDB perlu

dicetakkan pada singboard
Recurring stage
- constructional matter
projek. Jika kontraktor gagal
berbuat demikian denda
akan dikenakan.

COORDINATE SITE
INVESTIGATION

SITE INVESTIGATION

Site Investigation is the gathering

of the information about the
proposed location of a project,
e.g. highway or buildings.

The Importance of SI
i. To study the general suitability of the
site for an engineering project.
ii. To enable a safe, practical and economic
design to be prepared.
iii. To determine the possible difficulties
that may be encountered by a specific
construction method for any particular
civil project.
iv. To study the suitability of construction
material (soil or rock).
Obviously, it is a part of geotechnical
processes in preliminary stage.

Lack of geotechnical processes will lead

to a:
i. Failures where many case histories are
available.
ii. Significant delay and increase in construction
costs when the design has to be revised or
amended.
Generally
the
elimination
of
the
site
investigation will not safe the cost of the
project thus it only comprises from only 0.1% to
5% of the project cost.

The Purpose of Site Investigation

1. The site investigation is aimed at providing
sufficient reliable subsurface information
for most economical, satisfactorily safe
foundation for the proposed structure.
2. The site investigation should reveal
sufficient subsurface information for the
design and construction of a stable
foundation safe from both collapse and
detrimental movements.

The Scope of Site Investigation

Topography
Soil profile
Ground-water condition

The Stages of Site Investigation

In general, a site investigation program should
comprise four stages, i.e. :
Desk study and site reconnaissance,
Preliminary ground investigation,
Detailed ground investigation,
Monitoring

Desk study and site reconnaissance

The desk study is the first stage of the site

investigation process which involves researching the
site to gain as much information as possible, both
geological and historical.
A good starting point is to use Ordinance survey maps
which allow the selection of the site by obtaining
accurate grid reference through the maps.
In addition to present maps, old maps are used to gain
historical information such as former uses of the site;
concealed mine workings; in filled ponds; old pits;
disused quarries; changes in potential landslide areas,
etc.

The source of information that useful in desk study:

1.

2.

3.

Geological map
Geological maps are probably most important source of
information as these give and excellent indication of the sort of
ground conditions like to be encountered.
Aerial photography
Aerial photography is another extremely useful source of
information on topography and ground conditions.
Records of previous investigation
Records of previous investigation reports also helpful in a
desk study. The many sources of site investigation data
include previous company and Public Works Departement.

The reconnaissance phase of a site investigation

This site investigation is done through a site visit
or walk-over survey.
Important evidences to look for are site lay out,
surface condition, climate and hazards water
levels, etc.
Generally the desk study and reconnaissance is
aimed at the feasibility study of the being
planned.
If the desk study shows that the site is feasible
for the structure, then preliminary investigation
should follows.

Preliminary Investigation

Preliminary Investigation is aimed at predicting the

geological structures, soil profiles and the position of
ground water table by geophysical method or by
making a few boreholes.
The investigation should give information on the
existence on ground structures that may need closer
examination: for example,
1.
2.
3.
4.

The extent of disturbed strata,

The location and extend of natural cavities and mine workings.
Fractures and river crossings or alluvial areas that may have
buried soft material or pet, their liability to cause subsidence,
surface movements or instability
Information on suitability of soil for fills work, ground water
condition and the possibility of flooding should be provided at
this stage.

Detailed Investigation

At this stage, the extent of the test,

number and depth of boreholes,
selection of appropriate equipment for
field testing and the choice of laboratory
testing are made.
Soil exploration consists of three steps:
1. Boring and in-situ testing,
2. Sampling,
3. Laboratory testing.

Monitoring
Monitoring during construction and maintenance period
is required whether the expectations of the proceeding
investigation have been realize.
No one can ensure that the soil parameters used for
design is the most representative of the soil conditions at
the site unless the response is observed.
Field observation can help for early diagnosis and
redemption of any problem that might be encountered
during construction.
Among the measurement made during the monitoring
stage are the settlement, displacement, deformation,
inclination, and pore water pressure.

Steps of Soil Exploration

A.BORING
Soil borings are the most common method of
subsurface exploration in the field. A bore hole is used
to determine the nature of the ground in a qualitative
manner and then recover disturbed and undisturbed
samples for quantitative examination.
Some types of borings are hand/mechanical auger
borings, wash borings, percussion drilling, rotary
drilling, and core borings. An auger is a screw-like tool
used to bore a hole.
Some augers are operated by hand: others are power
operated

BORE HOLES

Boring Logs

34

Hand/Mechanical Auger
Hand augers may be used for boring to a depth
of about 6 m.
Power augers may be used for boring to a depth
of about 10 to 30 m.
As the hole is bored a short distance, the auger
may be lifted to removed soil. The removed soil
can be used for field classification and
laboratory testing, but it must not be considered
as an undisturbed soil sample.
Power auger set with a drill rig can be used to
obtain samples from deeper strata. Some rigs
can be used to drill a hole to 100 m depth.

Wash Boring
Wash borings consists of simultaneous
drilling and jetting action. A hole is bored
through a casing by using a drilling bit.
Jetting action is accomplished by pumping
water downward through the drilling bit to
soften the soil. Samples taken using the
wash boring methods are disturbed
sample.

Percussion Drilling
Percussion Drilling is the process of making
boreholes by striking the soil then removing it.
The tools are repeatedly dropped down the
borehole while suspended by wire from the
power winch.
Water is circulated to bring the soil cuttings to
the ground surface.
A casing and a pump are required to circulate
the water.

Rotary Drilling
Rotary Drilling uses rotation of the drill bit with
the simultaneous application of pressure to
advance the hole.
This method is the most rapid method of
advancing a hole in soil and rock.
Drilling mud may be needed to prevent soil
cave-in.
Sample obtained from drilling by this method is
relatively less disturbed as compared to samples
obtained by the preceding methods.

Boring tools
Auger boring

Power drills

41

SOIL BORING

42

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING WORKS

2014
SECTION C : FOUNDATION WORKS AND WORKS
BELOW
LOWEST FLOOR LEVEL

1.2 Confirmatory Bearing Capacity Of

Soil
The Contractor shall conduct a Probe Test
as stated in the Drawings to confirm the
required design bearing capacity. The
Contractor shall submit the Probe Test
result to the S.O. for approval.

GAMBAR UJIAN MAKINTOSH DIJALANKAN

BAGI MENDAPATKAN NILAI KEUPAYAAN GALAS TANAH.
JKR PROBE

HAMMER 4.5KG

28 cm

ROD 16mm ; 1.2M

Long

Starter kun 300 & 600

Rod 16mm
, 1.2 meter
long

JKR Probe/Makintosh Probe

Couplin

Hammer 4.5kg

PREPARE CIVIL AND

STRUCTURAL METHOD
STATEMENT

What is a Work Method

Statements ?
A Work Method Statements is a
document detailing how a
particular task or activity will be
carried out

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING WORKS

2014
SECTION
A: PRELIMINARIES
AND GENERAL CONDITIONS
14.1.2 Method
statements

14.1.2.1 The Contractor shall also furnish in writing to

the S.O. or S.Os Representatives particulars of the
Contractors method statements for carrying out such
works and of the construction plant and temporary
works, if any, which the Contractor intends to supply,
use or construct as the case may be. The submission
to

and

approval

by

the

S.O.

or

the

S.O.s

Representatives of such programme or the furnishing

of such particulars shall not relieve the Contractor of

What is the purpose of a Work Method

Statements ?
To outline a correct, systematic and safe method
of work for the particular task or activity
To provide an induction document that workers
must read/understand before starting a task to
meet legal compliance, hazard identification and
control
To help plan for the task ahead of time
To provide the Supervisor with a procedure for
completing the work

Where does a Work Method

Statements sit in the hierarchy of
the construction site?
A Work Method Statements is part of your Quality
Plan
Your Quality Plan will include a list of required
Work Method Statements for the Project
The Work Method Statements will be produced as
site specific to cover the required task

PREPARE CIVIL AND

STRUCTURAL WORK
PROGRAMME

BORANG JKR203/203A:
MENJELASKAN BERKAITAN PROGRAM
KERJA

PERANCANGAN
PERANCANGAN IALAH PROSES PEMBUATAN
KEPUTUSAN TERDAHULU TERHADAP APA
YANG PERLU DIBUAT DAN BAGAIMANA
K&R 478
IA MELIBATKAN MISSI KESELURUHAN, KENALPASTI
PENYELESAIAN UTAMA, TENTUKAN OBJEKTIF,
KEMBANGKAN POLISI, PROGRAM, PROSEDUR UNTUK
MEMCAPAINYA.
CIRI-CIRI:
MASA DEPAN
TINDAKAN
PLAN TINDAKAN/PENCAPAIAN

The plan is
What needs to be done
How to do it
Who will do it
How long will it take?
How much will it costs?

Starting the Project Plan: The Work Breakdown

Structure (WBS)
What is to be done
When it is to be started and finished
Who is going to do it
Some activities must be done
sequentially
Some activities may be done
simultaneously
Many things must happen when and how
they are supposed to happen

JENIS-JENIS LUKISAN RUJUKAN

a) Lukisan senibina (Architectural drawings)
lukisan utama yang dijadikan rujukan kepada jurutera awam, struktur,
mekanikal dan elektrikal.
Menunjukkan maklumat projek : lokasi, dimensi, dan bahan yang digunakan.
Sebarang percanggahan di dalam dimensi perlu dimaklumkan kepada
pegawai berkenaan.
b) Lukisan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal & Elektrikal (Mechanical & Electrical
Drawings)
Menunjukkan aturcara dan aturan terhadap aspek mekanikal dan elektrikal.
Termasuk pemasangan penghawa dingin, peralatan pencegah kebakaran,
sistem di makmal komputer sekolah, sistem hidraulik di makmal kejuruteraan
di universiti dan lain-lain.

C) Lukisan Kejuruteraan Awam dan Struktur untuk pembinaan (Civil &

Structural Drawings)
Digunakan dalam pembinaan jalanraya, perparitan, pembentungan serta paip
sumber air.
Struktur merupakan lukisan yang menunjukkan saiz kekuda bumbung, rasuk,
ketebalan papak lantai dan tebal papak.

SPESIFIKASI

amat penting di dalam merancang perolehan alatan dan bahan.

memberikan keterangan yang jelas mengenai mutu atau gred alatan dan bahan
yang diperlukan.
perolehan yang menepati kehendak kerja dapat menganggar kos dengan tepat
secara tidak langsung.
Spesifikasi mempunyai 2 fungsi:
alat komunikasi kepada pembekal mengenai kehendak bahan dan khidmat yang
perlu dibekalkan.
Kriteria terhadap bahan dan khidmat yang sebenar diberikan oleh pembekal
dibandingkan. Rujuk rajah 4

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
PROGRAMMING
AND SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES:
o BAR CHART

o ARROW NETWORKING
o CRITICAL PATH METHOD
o PERT - Program Evaluation and
Review Technique
o PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM
o RESOURCE AGGREGATION &
LEVELLING
o LINE OF BALANCE

o PERT was developed for the Polaris

missile/submarine project in 1958
o CPM developed by DuPont during the
same time
o Initially, CPM and PERT were two
different approaches
CPM used deterministic time
estimates and allowed project
crunching
PERT used probabilistic time
estimates
o Microsoft Project (and others) have

Terminology
o Activity - A specific task or set of tasks that
are required by the project, use up
resources, and take time to complete
o Event - The result of completing one or
more activities
o Network - The combination of all activities
and events that define a project
Drawn left-to-right
Connections represent predecessors

o
o
o
o

Terminology.
Path - A series of connected activities
Critical - An activity, event, or path which, if
delayed, will delay the completion of
the project
Critical Path - The path through the project
where, if any activity is delayed, the project
is delayed
There is always a critical path
There can be more than one critical
path
Sequential Activities - One activity must be
completed before the next one can begin

Probability Considerations on
Activity Duration Estimates
Optimistic time: time to complete
an activity if everything goes
perfectly well.
Most likely time: time to complete
an activity under normal conditions.
Pessimistic time: time to complete
an activity under adverse

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

PROGRAMMING AND SCHEDULING

TECHNIQUES:
COMPUTER SOFTWARES:
MICROSOFT PROJECT
PRIMAVERA

WORK PROGRESS SUMMARY

No

A
B

C
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

D
1

Item
OVERALL

Site Preparation
Surveying Works

Structure Works
Earthwork
Piling Works
Pile Cap
Stump
Ground Beam & Slab
Ground Wall & Column
1st Floor Beam & Slab
1st Floor Wall & Column
2nd Floor Beam & Slab
2nd Floor Wall & Column

Architecture Works
Brickwork

Block A

Block B

Block C

100%
60%

100%
47%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

100%
75%

100%
100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

100%
75%

100%
100%
90%
90%
60%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

Consumer
Sub Station

Rumah
Sampah

Kafeteria

Pondok
Pengawal

Sewerage
Treatment
Plant

100%
50%

100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

100%
50%

100%
7%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

100%
50%

100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

100%
50%

25%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

0%

100%
50%

100%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%

0%

PROGRESS S-CURVE
100.00
DATE

March-14

April-14

TARG ACTU
ET
AL

0.00

2.00

0.00

0.00

May-14

3.00

0.00

June-14

4.00

1.00

July-14

5.00

1.80

August-14

6.00

2.80

September-14

7.00

5.00

October-14

7.50

6.00

November-14

9.00

8.00

90.00

11.00

January-15

13.00

February-15

16.00

March-15

21.00

89.0
86.0
82.0

80.00

77.0
72.0

70.00

67.0
61.0

60.00
% WORK
DONE

55.0

50.00

TARGET
ACTUAL

48.0

40.00

40.0
33.0

30.00

26.0
21.0

20.00
10.00
0.0
0.00

December-14

100.0
100.0
99.099.5
97.0
95.0
93.0

7.0 7.5

16.0
13.0
11.0
9.0
8.00

5.006.00
2.80
1.80
0.000.000.001.00

4.0
2.0 3.0

5.0 6.0

DURATION (TOTAL 30 MONTHS)

NADI CERGAS SDN

BHD

23

MONETARY S-CURVE
100.0

100.0
98.099.0
95.0
92.0

90.0

85.0
80.0
75.0
71.0
67.0
63.0
59.0
56.0
53.0
49.0
46.0
42.0
38.0
34.0
30.0

70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0

Tar
get

25.0
21.0
20.0
17.0
10.8
14.0
8.1
10.0
10.0
4.84.84.8 4.8 7.0 9.0
6.0
5.0
0.0 2.0 4.0
0.00.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0

NADI CERGAS SDN

BHD

25

ORGANISE
PRELIMINARY ITEMS

PENGENALAN
9/10/15

PRELIMINARIES
merupakan senarai arahan
kerja
yang
perlu
dilaksanakan oleh pihak
Kontraktor
bagi
tujuan
penyediaan atau persiapan
tapak bina.
81

Keterangan :
Preliminaries adalah merupakan
salah satu daripada kandungan
Dokumen Tender atau Dokumen
Kontrak,
ianya merupakan arahan yang
perlu dipatuhi oleh pihak
Kontraktor dalam melaksanakan
kerja pembinaan.
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Dalam penyediaan Preliminaries ,

Juru Ukur Bahan akan mengenal pasti terlebih
dahulu tentang perkara yang perlu
dinyatakan.
Ia bergantung kepada
o kepentingan,
o keperluan projek dan
o kehendak Majikan.
Penyediaannya adalah berbeza di antara satu
projek dengan projek yang lain.

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PELAKSANAAN
IBS

SKOR IBS
70%

Senarai yang terkandung

dalam Preliminaries
dipecahkan kepada dua :i. Perlu dihargakan
ii. Tidak perlu dihargakan.

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i.

Perlu dihargakan

Ianya bermaksud arahan atau

maklumat
yang
dinyatakan
merupakan kerja atau keperluan
yang perlu dilaksanakan oleh
pihak Kontraktor, di mana kerja
perlaksanaan ini melibatkan kos.
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Dalam pecahan pertama

Perlu Dihargakan
terbahagi
kepada tiga (3) iaitu :
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I. Keperluan yang menjadi syarat
untuk Kontraktor masuk ke tapak
projek.
Kontraktor dikehendaki
mematuhi arahan dengan
menyediakan keperluan sebelum
dibenarkan memulakan kerja di
tapak dan kepatuhan terhadap
arahan ini merupakan syarat bagi
pihak majikan untuk membenarkan
Kontraktor
memasuki tapak
bina.
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88


I. Keperluan yang menjadi syarat
untuk Kontraktor masuk ke tapak
projek.

-Contohnya seperti menyediakan

polisi-polisi insuran ( Contractors
All Risks, Workers Compensation
Insurance Policy etc. )
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II. Keperluan yang dilaksanakan

semasa projek sedang berjalan.
Arahan terhadap kerja yang perlu
disedia dan dilaksanakan oleh pihak
Kontraktor semasa projek sedang
berjalan.
Membantu kerja pembinaan sebenar
dari segi penyediaan kemudahan,
pengurusan dan pentadbiran,
keselamatan dan sebagainya.
Melicinkan lagi perlaksanaan projek
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tersebut secara keseluruhan. 90

II. Keperluan yang dilaksanakan

semasa
projek
sedang
berjalan.
Contohnya
adalah
seperti
penyediaan
pejabat
tapak,
telefon, fax, kenderaan Pegawai
Penguasa, Pegawai Keselamatan,
setor, rumah kongsi, foto dan
laporan
kemajuan
dan
sebagainya.
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CONTOH: Keperluan yang dilaksanakan

semasa projek sedang berjalan
Menyediakan dan melaksanakan langkah-langkah keselamatan/
kesihatan (health & safety) di tapak yang perlu dan mencukupi,
sepertimana keperluan OSHA serta akta berkaitan dan langkah-langkah
lain yang perlu sebagaimana Arahan Pegawai Inden seperti berikut:i) Pakaian, topi dan but keselamatan (Peralatan Perlindungan Diri yang
lengkap)
ii) Tali keselamatan dan papan tanda keselamatan untuk mengasingkan
kawasan kerja dan kawasan laluan
iii) Lain-lain peralatan keselamatan yang diperlukan untuk kerja ini.
iv) Orang yang berlesen/kompeten untuk melaksanakan kerja-kerja
seperti berikut :a)
Kerja-kerja memasang perancah
b)
Kerja ruang terkurung
c)
Kerja-kerja kimpalan
d)
Pengendali jentera/mesin
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16. Progress Photographs

16.1 The Contractor shall take progress photographs
at monthly intervals or more frequent as directed by
the S.O. The photographs to be taken from different
angles as approved by the S.O. and the average
number of photographs shall be sufficient enough to
show the progress of the Works. For building works,
the average number per month shall not be less than
six (6) per block of building.
16.2 The Contractor shall supply six (6) sets of bound
printed copies of the approved photographs, all
properly titled and dated. The photographs shall also
be provided in jpeg or other approved format with
each image set at minimum size of 1280 x 960 pixels
and at resolution of 72 pixels per inch and submitted
9/10/15
93
to
the S.O. monthly, in compact discs or
removable

III. Keperluan yang

dilaksanakan selepas projek
siap.
Keperluan yang perlu
dilakukan oleh pihak Kontraktor
selepas kerja pembinaan siap
sebagaimana kehendak
kontrak.

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Sebelum Kontraktor
dibenarkan menyerah tapak,
Kontraktor perlulah memastikan
94

III. Keperluan yang dilaksanakan

selepas projek siap.
Contohnya adalah seperti pembukaan
terhadap kerja tertutup, pengalihan
atau pembuangan sampah / sisa
bahan, pembersihan tapak bina dan
sebagainya.

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Dihargakan :

1. Permits and licenses required in

connection with the works.
The contractor shall allow for and
obtain
all
necessary
permits,
licenses, etc., required from the
relevant Authorities in connection
with the carrying out of the works
and pay all fees, royalties in
connection therewith.
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Dihargakan :

2. Testing of materials
Allow here or in the rates for the
cost of carrying out all tests
described
herein
including
providing all necessary labor,
materials and appliances and
paying all fees and charges for
tests carried out by others.
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Dihargakan :

3. Removal of rubbish
The contractor shall ensure all
surplus materials of building, cutting
trees and the like will be removed
from the site to contractors own
dump. All transportation and costs
to remove this rubbish shall be
responsible by the contractor.

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Dihargakan :

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Dihargakan :
LALUAN SEMENTARA DENGAN
KOSNYA SENDIRI, KONTRAKTOR
PERLU MENYEDIAKAN LALUAN
SEMENTARA KE TAPAK BINA
SEHINGGA SIAP.

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105

ii. Tidak Perlu Dihargakan.

Ianya berbentuk maklumat atau
kenyataan semata.
Dapat memberi penjelasan yang
terperinci kepada Kontraktor
mengenai perjalanan sesuatu
projek.
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Maklumat yang dinyatakan adalah :takrifan terhadap mana-mana

istilah,
huraian terhadap kontrak dan
sebagainya,
maklumat yang dinyatakan ini akan
membantu pihak Kontraktor memahami
kehendak sebenar kontrak.
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Tidak Dihargakan :

1. Location
The site is situated as shown
on the site and location Plan
No. KN 669/479/1 which also
indicated the confines of the
building.

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Tidak Dihargakan :
2. Days and hours of working
No part of the work shall be done in other
than the normal working hours during the
nights of during any days of the weeks
set apart for the rest or for authorized
public holidays without the knowledge
and written permission so given. The
contractor shall not be entitled to any
additional payment neither shall it
release him from any of his liabilities
under the contract.

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Keseluruhannya Preliminaries
ini terbahagi kepada :Huraian mengenai projek
Definisi terhadap istilah,unit dan
Pengukuran
Ringkasan spesifikasi
Keselamatan dan kesihatan
Kemudahan dan keperluan projek
Arahan terhadap kerja dan
sebagainya

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RUMUSAN
Memastikan proses
pembinaan berjalan dengan
lancar dan licin tanpa
mengalami apa-apa masalah
yang mengakibatkan projek
tersebut terlewat atau pun
terbengkalai.
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111

ORGANISE SETTING
OUT

Construction surveying or building surveying

(otherwise known as "lay-out" or "setting-out")
is to stake out reference points and markers
that will guide the construction of new
structures such as roads or buildings. These
markers are usually staked out according to a
suitable coordinate system selected for the
project.
Surveying equipment, such as levels and
theodolites, are used for accurate measurement
of angular deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope
distances.
With
computerisation,
electronic
distance measurement (EDM), total stations, GPS
surveying and laser scanning have supplemented
(and to a large extent supplanted) the traditional
optical instruments.

The aims of setting out

There are two main aims when
undertaking setting out
operations:
i.

The various elements of the scheme must be

correct in all three dimensions both relatively
and absolutely, that is each must be its
correct size, in its correct plan position and
correct reduced level

ii. Once setting out begins it must proceed

quickly with little or no delay in order that
the works can proceed smoothly and the cost
can be minimised.
It must always be
remembered that the contractors main

The services of a licenced land surveyor are

generally required for boundary surveys (to
establish the boundaries of a parcel using
its legal description) and subdivision plans
(a plot or map based on a survey of a parcel
of land, with boundary lines drawn inside
the larger parcel to indicated the creation
of new boundary lines and roads).

Sight Rails
These consist of a horizontal timber cross
piece nailed to a single upright or a pair of
uprights driven into the ground (see below)
The upper edge of the cross piece is set to a
convenient height above the required plane of
the structure, usually to the nearest 100mm,
and should be a height above ground to
ensure convenient alignment by eye with the
upper edge.
Sight rails are usually offset 2 or 3 metres at
right angles to construction lines to avoid

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING WORKS

2014
SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS

2. Site Clearing, Grubbing And Stripping

Topsoil
2.1 This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and
tripping topsoil in the areas within the limits of Works
designated hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings
and/or directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in
other areas designated hereunder and/or shown on
the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., all as
specified herein and as required by the S.O. The work
shall also include the demolition and disposal of
structures in the said areas, except where otherwise
provided for in the Contract, as specified herein and
as required by the S.O.

STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING WORKS

2014
SECTION B : EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORKS
2.1.1 Site clearing
Clearing shall consist of cutting and/or taking down,
removal and disposal of everything above ground level,
including objects such as walls, fences, drains and other
obstructions, except such trees, vegetation, structures or
parts of structures and other things which are designated in
the Contract to remain, to be protect as satisfied under
SECTION R : LANDSCAPING AND TURFING WORKS. The
material to be cleared shall include but not necessarily be
limited to trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs,
brushwood, undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose
vegetable matter and structures (except those structures
whose removal or clearance is otherwise provided for in the
Contract). Clearing shall also include levelling of obsolete
dikes, terraces, ditches, et cetera, unless otherwise directed
by the S.O.

2.1.2 Grubbing
Grubbing shall consist of removal and disposal of surface
vegetation, bases
of stumps, roots, underground parts of structures, and other
obstructions to a depth of at least 0.50 m below ground level,
with the agreement of the S.O.
2.1.3 Stripping topsoil
Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of topsoil to an
average depth
of at least 100 mm below ground level, and its stockpiling for use
in the
Works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the S.O.
2.1.4 Disposal
All materials resulting from site clearing, grubbing and stripping
topsoil shall be removed and disposed of as approved by the S.O.

Clearing the Site

Construction equipment operations are usually the
most rapid and efficient means of clearing a site.
Use of the equipment is limited only by unusually
large trees and stumpsterrain which hinders their
maneuverability
and
maintenance
requirements. The construction equipment used
include bulldozers, winches, power saws, rippers,
motor graders, and scrapers. In addition, hand
tools are used in certain clearing operations.