Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbon

Reaksi oksidasi
Reaksi substitusi
Reaksi adisi
Reaksi eliminasi
1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi

CH3-CH3 + 7/2 O2 2CO2 + 3H2O

CH2=CH2 + 3 O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

CHCH + 5/2 O2 2CO2 + H2O

 2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana

CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

CH3-CH3 +Cl2 CH3-CH2Cl + HCl

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl

CnH2n+2 + X2 CnH2n+1X + HX
 3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkuna

a. Adisi hidrogen

CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH3

CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3

CHCH + H2 Ni/Pt CH2=CH2

CHCH + 2H2 Ni/Pt 200c CH3-CH3

b. Adisi halogen CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2BR-CH2Br
etena dibromoetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3

2-butena 2,3-diklorobutana

CHCH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr

etuna dibromoetena

CH CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2

etuna tetrabromoetana

CHC-CH3 + Br2 CHBr=CBr-CH3

propuna 1,2-dibromopropena

CHC-CH3 + 2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3

propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana
 c. Adisi asam halida
Alkena simetris

CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2Cl

etena kloroetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3

2-butena 2-klorobutana

CHCH + HCl CH2=CHCl

etuna kloroetena
(vinilklorida)

CH3-CC-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH=CCl-CH3

2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena
 Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetris

CH3-CH=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2-CH2Cl

% <<<<<

CH3-CHCl-CH3
% >>>>>

CH3-CH= CH-CH2 -CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3

% <<<<<

CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3
% >>>>>
 d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkuna

CH2=CH2 + H2O H2SO4 300C 70 Atm CH3-CH2OH

etena etanol

CHCH + H2O H2SO4 60C CH3-CHO

etuna etanal
 4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana

CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2

C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4

 Substitusi halogen pada alkana

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl

propana kloropropana

Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna

CH3-CH2=CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2Cl-CH2Cl-CH3

etena 2,3-diklorobutana

CH3-CC-CH3 + H2 CH3-CH=CH-CH3
2-butuna 2-butena

CH3-CC-CH3 + 2 H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
2-butuna butana
 Adisi asam halida pada alkena

CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3

3-heksena 3-kloroheksana
=
CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3
3-kloroheksana

CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3

2-pentena 2-kloropentena

CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH3

1-butena 2-klorobutena
Uji diri
 Tuliskan hasil reaksi

Adisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena

Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena