Transformasi Z

Transformasi Z (satu sisi) didefinisikan sbb

X ( z ) Z ( x[n]) x[n]z n
n 0

Di mana |z| adalah sedemikian sehingga deret 0oox[n]z-n konvergens

Pernyataan Transformasi Z

x[n] Z ( x[n])
Z 1 Z ( x[n]) Z x[n]

Sebelah kanan disebut Transformasi Z

Sebelah kiri disebut Transformasi Z invers
 Transformasi Z
Deret Taylor
Jika f(z) analitik di dalam kurva tertutup C dan a adalah
titik di dalam C
f ' ' (a)
f ( z ) f (a) ( z a) f ' (a) ( z a) 2 ...
2!

f ( n ) (a)
f ( z ) z a
n

n 0 n!

Deret Mac Laurin

Jika a adalah titik nol

f ( n) (0)
f ( z) z n

n 0 n!
 Transformasi Z
Beberapa deret terkenal

1
1 x x x x ... ( x) n ,
2 3 4
x 1
1 x n 0

1
1 x x x x ... x n ,
2 3 4
x 1
1 x n 0

e 1 x 12 x 31! x 41! x ... n1! x n ,
x 2 3 4
x
n 0
2n
x
Cos x 1 12 x 41! x ... (1)
2 4 n
x
n 0 (2n)!
2 n 1
x
Sin x x 31! x 51! x ... (1)
3 5 n
x
n 0 (2n 1)!
 Transformasi Z
Contoh Contoh
x[n]=1.u[n] x[n]=0.5n

X ( z ) 1.z n 1 2
1 z z ... X ( z ) 0.5n z n 1 0.5 z 1 0.25 z 2 ...
n 0
n 0
1
1 1 X ( z) 0.5 z 1 1 atau
X ( z) 1
z 1 atau 1 0.5 z 1

1 z z
z X ( z) z 0.5
X ( z) z 1 z 0.5
z 1
 Transformasi Z
Diferensial deret:

z
a n z n
z a n 0

z z a 1z ( z a) 2 (1)
d z d 1

da z a dz

d z z

da z a ( z a) 2 n 0
na n 1 n
z x [ n ] na n 1

d z 2z

da ( z a) 2 ( z a)3 n 0
n ( n 1) a n2 n
z x[ n ] n ( n 1) a n2
 Transformasi Z
Cari Transformasi Z dari: x[n] = n2

2z
( z a) 3

n 0
n ( n 1) a n2 n
z

2z

( z 1) 3 n 0
n ( n 1) z n

n(n 1) n 2 n
n 2 n(n 1) n

Z n 2 Z [n(n 1)] Z [n]
2 z z z 2
z
Z [n 2 ]
( z 1)3 ( z 1) 2 ( z 1)3
 Transformasi Z
Untuk setiap p integer (1 <= p < n)

n ( p 1) ( p 1)! z
(n) p 1 a
( z a) p
 Transformasi Z
z
a
n
z a
za
(n) 1 semua z
z
1 z 1
z 1
n 1 z
na z a
( z a) 2
n2 2z
n(n 1)a z a
( z a)3
6z
n(n 1)( n 2)a n 3 z a
( z a) 4
 Transformasi Z
z2 z
n
2
z 1
( z 1) 3
....
n
3
z 1
( z 1) 4
n ( p 1) ( p 1)! z
n p 1a z a
( z a) p
e jnw ....
z 2 z Cos w
Cos nw
( z 1w)( z 1 w)
z Sin w
Sin nw
( z 1w)( z 1 w)
 Sifat Transformasi Z
a n x[n] X az
x[n k ] u[n k ] z k X ( z )
k
x[n k ]u[n] z k X ( z ) z k p x[ p]
p 1

x[n]u[n] * y[n]u[n]
n
x[ k ] y[ n k ]u[n] X ( z )Y ( z )
0
 Transformasi Z
Contoh
y[n] 0.6 y[n 1] 2 n
y[1] 3

z
Y ( z ) 0.6 z 1Y ( z ) 3
z2
z 2 1.8 z ( z 2)
Y ( z)
( z 2)( 2 0.6)
 Transformasi Z
Contoh Z x[n] * y[n]
z

u[n] x[k ] y[n k ] z n
z 1 n 0 k 0
1 z
z 1 u[n 1]

z 1 z 1 x[k ] y[n k ]z n
1 5 z n 5
k 0 n 0
z ( 2) u[n 5]
z ( z 2)
4
z2


x[k ] y[ p ]z p k , p nk
k 0 n 0
k


x[k ]z y[ p ]z p
k 0 n 0
X ( z )Y ( z )
 Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
(0.6) n u[n] 3.33(0.6) n u[n 1]
z2 (0.6) n u[n] 1(0.6) n u[n 1]
X ( z)
z 0. 6
2.33(0.6) n u[n 1]
Jawab
(0.6) n u[n] u[n 1]
z2 z 2

z 0. 6 z 0. 6 z 0 .6 2.33(0.6) n u[n 1]
z2 n 1 [n] 2.33(0.6) n u[n 1]
(0.6) u[n] 2(0.6)
n
u[n 1]
z 0. 6
z2
(0.6) n u[n] 2(0.6) n (0.6) 1 u[n 1]
z 0. 6
z2
(0.6) n u[n] 3.33(0.6) n u[n 1]
z 0. 6
 Transformasi Z
X(z) berbentuk

N ( z ) bm z m bm1 z m1 .. b1 z
X ( z)
D( z ) an z n an 1 z n 1 .. a0

Jika m=n, maka X(z) dibawa ke bentuk

X ( z ) bm z m 1 bm 1 z m 2 .. b1

z an z n an 1 z n 1 .. a0
X ( z) A1 A2
...
z ( z a1 ) ( z a2 )
A1 z A2 z
X ( z) ...
( z a1 ) ( z a2 )
 Transformasi Z
Penyelesaian menjadi

Ak z
Ak (ak ) n u[n]
( z ak )
Ak z n 1
A n ( a ) u[n]
( z ak ) 2 k k

Ak z ( n) p n p
p 1
A ( a ) u[n]
( z ak )
k k
p!
(n) p n(n 1)( n 2)..( n p 2)
 Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
z 2 4z
X ( z)
( z 0.5)( z 1)
Jawab
z 2 4z A1 z Az
2
( z 0.5)( z 1) z 0.5 z 1
X ( z) A1 A
2
z z 0 .5 z 1
z4 2.33 3.33

( z 0.5)( z 1) z 0.5 z 1
z 2 4z 2.33 z 3.33 z

( z 0.5)( z 1) z 0.5 z 1
x[n] 2.33(0.5) n u[n] 3.33u[n]
 Transformasi Z
Jika m<n, maka X(z) dibawa ke bentuk
A1 A2
X ( z) ...
( z a1 ) ( z a2 )
Penyelesaian
Ak
Ak (ak ) n 1 u[n 1]
( z ak )
Ak1
Ak (ak ) n 1 u[n 1]
( z ak )
Ak 2 n2
A ( n 1)( a ) u[n 1]
( z ak ) 2 k2 k

Akp (n) p 1
Akp (ak ) n p u[n 1]
( z ak ) p ( p 1)!
 Transformasi Z
Cari x[n] dari
z 2 2z
X ( z)
( z 1)( z 0.5) 2
Jawab
z 2 2z A1 A21 A22

( z 1)( z 0.5) 2 z 1 z 0.5 ( z 0.5) 2
z 2 2z 1 0.44 1.44 0.83
A1 0.44 X ( z)
( z 0.5) 2 s 1
2.25 z 1 z 0.5 ( z 0.5) 2
d z 2 2z x[n] 0.44(1) n 1 u[n 1]
A21 1.44
dz ( z 1) s 0.5
1.44(0.5) n 1 u[n 1]
z 2 2z 1.25
A22 0.83 0.83(n 1)(0.5) n 2 u[n 1]
( z 1) s 0.5
1.5
 Transformasi Z
Carilah persamaan y[n], jika diketahui
y[n]-y[n-1]+0.25y[n-2] = 2n , dan y [-1] = 2, y[-2] = 1

y[n] Y ( z )
y[n 1] z 1Y ( z ) y[1]
y[n 2] z 2Y ( z ) z 1 y[1] y[2]
z
2n
z2
sehingga

1
2 1

Y ( z ) z Y ( z ) 2 0.25 z Y ( z ) z 2 1
z
z2
 Transformasi Z
1 2
1 z 0.25 z Y ( z ) z
z2
2 0.5 z 1 0.25

z 1.75( z 2) 0.5 z 1 ( z 2)
1 2
1 z 0.25 z Y ( z ) z2
1
( z 2)

z 2 z 0.25 z 2Y ( z )
z 1 .75 ( z 2)
z2
0 .5 z

Y ( z ) z 2 (1.75 z 0.5)( z 2)

z
( z 2) z 2 z 0.25
Y ( z) A1 A21 A22

z ( z 2) ( z 0.5) ( z 0.5) 2
Y ( z) 1.78 0.98 0.21

z ( z 2) ( z 0.5) ( z 0.5) 2
y[n] 1.78(2) n u[n] 0.98(0.5) n u[n] 0.21(0.5) n 1 u[n 1]
 Transformasi Z
Diketahui
y[n] 0.5 y[n-1] = x[n]
a. Cari Fungsi Sistem H(z)
b. Cari Tanggapan pulse h[n]
c. Cari zero state response jika x[n] = u[n]
d. Cari tanggapan lengkap jika x[n] = u[n] dan y[-1]=2
 Transformasi Z
a. Fungsi Sistem H(z)
y[n] 0.5 y[n 1] x[n]
Y ( z ) 0.5 z 1Y ( z ) X ( z )
1 0.5z Y ( z) X ( z)
1

Y ( z) 1 z
H ( z)
X ( z ) 1 0.5 z 1 z 0.5
b. Tanggapan pulsa h[n]
z
h[n] Z 1 H ( z ) Z 1
z 0.5
h[n] 0.5n u[n]
 Transformasi Z
c. Zero state response
1 0.5z Y ( z ) X ( z )
1

1 0.5z Y ( z) z z 1
1

z z
Y ( z)
( z 1) ( z 0.5)
Y ( z) z 2 1

z ( z 1)( z 0.5) z 1 z 0.5
2z 1z
Y ( z)
z 1 z 0.5

y[n] 2 0.5n u[n]
 Transformasi Z
d. x[n] = u[n] dan y[-1] = 2
y[n] 0.5 y[n 1] u[n] (2 z 1) z
Y ( z)
( z 1) z 0.5

Y ( z ) 0.5 z 1Y ( z ) y[1] z
z 1 Y ( z) (2 z 1) A1 A2

( z 1) z 0.5 ( z 1) ( z 0.5)
1 0.5z Y ( z ) 0.52 z z 1
1 z
2z 1
A1 2
1 0.5z Y ( z ) z z 1 1
1 z 0.5 z 1
2z 1
A2 0
1 0.5z Y ( z ) 2zz11
1 z 1 z 0.5
2z
Y ( z)
2z 1 ( z 1)
Y ( z)

( z 1) 1 0.5 z 1 y[n] 2u[n]