Lusito
Demam Rematik
Etiologi
• group A beta hemolytic streptococcal
• Inflamasi jaringan ikat, melibatkan hati,
pembuluh darah, sendi, jaringan sub kutan,
saraf.
Epidemiology
• Usia 5-15 thn paling banyak, <3 thn jarang
• ♀>♂
• Faktor lingkungan-populasi padat, sanitasi
buruk, kemiskinan
Pathogenesis
• Delayed immune response to infection with
group A beta hemolytic streptococci
• Setelah 1-3 minggu, antibodi akan
menyebabkan kerusakan imunologik pada
katup jantung, sendi, jaringan sub kutan,
ganglia basalis otak.
Penyakit jantung rematik
Fibrosis
Valvulitis
Penebalan daun katup
Kalsifikasi
Fusi komisura
Pemendekan korda
Stenosis mitral
Penyakit jantung rematik
Murmur/bising jantung
Stenosis : Katup membuka tidak sempurna
Regurgitasi : Katup menutup tidak sempurna
Evaluation of the Patient
with a Cardiac Murmur
The production of murmurs is due to 3 main
factors:
High blood flow rate through normal or
abnormal orifices
Forward flow through a narrowed or irregular
orifice into a dilated vessel or chamber
Backward or regurgitant flow through an
incompetent valve
Classification of Cardiac Murmurs
1. Systolic murmurs
a. Holosystolic (pansystolic) murmurs
b. Midsystolic (systolic ejection) murmurs
c. Early systolic murmurs
d. Mid to late systolic murmurs
2. Diastolic murmurs
a. Early diastolic murmurs
b. Middiastolic murmurs
c. Presystolic murmurs
3. Continuous murmurs
Murmur sistolik/diastolik ?
• Kausa
demam rematik ( 60 %)
kongenital, kalsifikasi, myxoma
• Natural history
RF 12 thn
murmur 1st heard 20 th kemudian
gejala setlh 4-5 dekade
Derajat mitral stenosis
Ringan 1.4-2.5 cm
Sedang 1-1.4 cm
Berat <1 cm
Stenosis Mitral - Gambaran klinik
Severity Symptoms
Mild Asymptomatic or mild DOE
Inspeksi
Malar flush
Sianosis perifer (severe MS)
Dispnoe-orthopnoe
Peningkatan JVP
Edema
Palpasi
Kardiomegali
Pinggang jantung merata atau mencembung
Auscultation
OS
Medical
- Diuretic - pulmonary congestion
- Prevent embolism - cause of 19% deaths,
with LA size and age anticoagulate all with
PAF/AF, SR in older age
- Control atrial fibrillation
• Akut
Simptomatik, dispneu, orthopneu, berdebar no
cardiomegaly, short murmur ( early sistolik to
holosistolikc)
• Kronik
simtom bervariasi, kardiomegali, murmur
holosistolik dijalarkan ke axila, gallop S3
Regurgitasi Mitral - PF
Inspeksi
Dispnoe-Orthopnoe
Peningkatan JVP
Edema
Palpasi
Kardiomegali
Pinggang jantung cekung, merata atau mencembung
Auscultation
M1 normal
Tidak pernah Opening snap
Murmur holosistolik dijalarkan ke axila
Regurgitasi Mitral - Terapi
Akut
• Diuretik LV filling P, p udema
• Vasodilator forward SV
Kronik
No known effective therapy
Vasodilator
Treat complications
Surgery
Valve repair
MVR
Mitral Regurgitation - Indications for surgery
Chronic severe
mitral regurgitation
No symptoms Symptoms
Echocardiography Echocardiography
Left ventricle ejection Left ventricle ejection Mitral valve Mitral valve
fraction >0.60 fraction <0.60 reparable not reparable
and end-systolic or end-systolic
dimension <45 mm dimension >45 mm
Terapi
• Medical therapy ineffective
• AVR if symptoms/signs LVF
Regurgitasi Aorta Kronik - Klinik
Inspeksi
Dispnoe-Orthopnoe
Palpasi
Kardiomegali
Pinggang jantung cekung, merata atau mencembung
Aortic Stenosis - Treatment
• Medical
Nitrogliserin ( Angina)
Diuretics + digitalis ( HF)
•Surgical
Kelainan katup
Pulmonal/Trikuspid