CASE MANAGEMENT
Artesunate + amodiaquine ( AS + AQ )
Dihydroartemisinin – Piperaquine ( DHA-PPQ )
Artemether-lumefantrine ( AL )
Artesunate + mefloquine ( AS + MQ )
Artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ( AS + S-P )
Un-compl.Mal BETHESDA HOSPITAL 1990-
2012
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
Un-compl.Mal
1000 Intensifikasi
CQ/SP/Q
800
ACT
600
400
200
0
350
MORBIDITY, MORTALITY 1997-2012
300
ACT
N 250
o 200
.
C 150
a Unc. Malaria
s 100
ALIVE
e 50 DIED
s
0
1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
Unc. Malaria 15262122172630212418161311131093
ALIVE 122427211635202217 8 8 5 3 4 3 2
DIED 2 3 2 3 4 3 7 4 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Pengobatan Malaria
Tanpa Komplikasi FALSIPARUM/VIVAX
Malaria RINGAN/ Tanpa Komplikasi :
Artesunate + Amodiaquine (AS + Amo)
Dihidroartemisinin – Piperakuin
Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL)
Lini Pertama =
A.C.T + Primakuin
• PILIHAN ACT TERGANTUNG ACT & Pola Resistensi
• Kegagalan pada AS +Amo di Lampung, Papua & Sulawesi Utara
• FDC ( Fixed dose combination ) pilihan
• Efek samping seminimal mungkin
A
.
C
.
T
Pengobatan Lini I, P. Falsiparum / VIVAX
menurut umur dan Berat Badan
Jumlah tablet perhari menurut berat
Hari Jenis obat badan
<5 kg 6-10 11-17 18-30 31-40 41-49 50-59 >60 kg
kg kg kg kg kg kg
Amodiakuin ¼ ½ 1 1½ 2 3 4 4
F-1 Primakuin - - ¾ 1½ 2 2 2 3
V
Primakuin - - ¼ ½ ¾ 1 1 1
1-14
F
Primakuin - - ¾ 1½ 2 2 3
1
V
Primakuin - - ¼ ½ ¾ 1 1
1-14
A-L 8 jam 1 2 3 4
2 A-L 24 jam 1 2 3 4
A-L 36 jam 1 2 3 4
3 A-L 48 jam 1 2 3 4
A-L 60 jam 1 2 3 4
KLASIFIKASI RESPON PENGOBATAN ( WHO 2003 )
Kegagalan Pengobatan Dini - Berkembangnya menjadi malaria berat pada hari H1,
( ETF = Early Treatment Failure) H2, H3 disertai parasitemia
- Parasitemia pada H3 dengan temperatur aksiler>37.5C
- Parasitemia H2 > H0
- Parasitemia H3 >= 25% H0
Kegagalan Pengobatan Kasep - Berkembangnya tanda bahaya malaria berat setelah
( LCF = Late Clinical [& H3 dan parasitemia ( jenis parasit = H0)
Parasitological] Failure ) - Parasitemia dan temp. aksiler >37.5C pada H4 - H28
( LPF = Late Parasitological - Parasitemia H7, H14, H21, dan H28 ( Parasit = H0)
Failure )
Respon Klinis & Parasitologis - Tidak ada parasitemia sampai D28 dengan abaikan
Adekuat ( ACPR = Adequate temp. aksiler, tidak sesuai dengan kriteria ETF/
Clinical and Parasitological LCF/LPF.
Response)
-Klinis memburuk - Klinis
-- Parasit > 25 % - memburuk
-- Parasit +, Temp > 37.5 - Klinis -- Parasit +
- memburuk
-- Parasit +
Klinis
Hasil Memburuk -Klinis memburuk
Mal + -- Parasit +,
-Temp > 37.5
Datang Mulai
RS/Dr Obat
- Klinis
- memburuk
-Klinis memburuk -- Parasit + - Klinis
-Klinis memburuk
-- Parasit > banyak -- Parasit +, Temp > 37.5 - memburuk
-- Parasit +
Dosis Clindamycin
Hari Jenis obat Jumlah tablet perhari menurut berat badan
Plasmodium falciparum
Mixed plasmodium ( Falciparum+ vivax)
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium knowlesi
PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI
Simian malaria ( Maccaca mullata)
Unusual presentation P. Malariae
Diagnosis by PCR
Acute diare, abdominal pain, jaundice
Algid malaria, hypotension
Renal failure, respiratory failure
MANAGEMENT SEVERE MALARIA
SPECIFIC TREATMENT
ANTI MALARIAL DRUGS
ORGAN FAILURE TREATMENT
SUPPORTIVE TREATMENT
ANCILLARY TREATMENT
ANTI MALARIAL THERAPY FOR S.M
Artesunate/ ARTS ( i.v./ i.m / supp )
Artemether / ARTM (i.m.)
Arte-ether (i.m )
Artemisinin ( supp )
Dihydro-artemisinin ( supp )
Artelinate ( i.v)
QUININE
QUINIDINE
SEVERE MALARIA
ARTEMETHER I.M
1 Amp = 80mg
1 Fl = 60 mg
35
o
. 25
C
a 20
ALIVE
s
DIED
e 15
s
10
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
ALIVE 12 24 27 21 16 35 20 22 17 8 8 5 3 4 3 2
DIED 2 3 2 3 4 3 7 4 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
Pengobatan lanjutan
420
400
350
300 RM
SL
250 250 DL
241
LK
200 CW
OL
RM 22 0 0 0
SL 60 60 41 4 0 0 0 0
DL 25 6 0 0 0 0 0 0
4000
P
a
r Clearence Time 72 hours
a
s 3000
i
Series1
t
e
s 2000
1000
0 20 3 10 0 2 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Series1 5000 20 3 10 0 2 0
Day/ 12 hours
FEVER & PARASITE CLEARANCES
110
100 100 100 100 100
100 95.5
95.5 98.4
90
93.7
84.1
80
48 Hrs
STUDI PYRAMAX
Proportion of Patients
70
63.6
60
58.7
MINAHASA
( AS+PR)
50
40
Sul-ut, INDO
30
20
18.2
11.1
10
0 0
0h 8h 16 h 24 h 32 h 40 h 48 h 56 h 64 h 72 h
Time (hours)
MULTICENTER 2005-06
Thai, Indo, Cambodia
Gambia,Senegal,Uganda
64 Hrs
PAKATUAN WO PAKALAWIREN
Sampai Baku Dapa !
Dr. Paul Harijanto, Sp.PD-KPTI
Div. Penyakit Tropik & Infeksi
SMF/ Bag. Penyakit Dalam
FK UNSRAT/ RSUP Manado
RSU Bethesda -Tomohon
Telp.:
0431-351024/046 ( RSU Bethesda)
0812-430-2869 ( HP)
0431-351187 (Res)
E-mail : paulharijanto@gmail.com