ZUBAIDAH
Program intervensi dalam pencegahan dan
penanggulangan stunting (Ruel & Alderman,
2013)
Nutrition-specific intervention
Intervensi atau program yang membahas determinan langsung nutrisi anak
yang meliputi makanan dan nutrisi yang adekuat, pola asuh dan praktik
pemberian makan serta beban penyakit menular yang rendah.
Nutrition-sensitive intervention
Intervensi atau program yang membahas faktor-faktor yang mendasari penentu
nutrisi pada anak dan janin yang meliputi: keamanan pangan; sumber daya
perawatan yang memadai ditingkat ibu, rumah tangga dan masyarakat; akses
ke layanan kesehatan, lingkungan yang aman dan higienis.
Nutrition-specific intervention (Ruel &
Alderman, 2013)
Health and nutrition during adolescent, preconception, pregnancy lactation
(Kesehatan dan nutrisi selama remaja, prekonsepsi, hamil dan laktasi)
Maternal dietary or micronutrient supplementation (Diet maternal dan supplement
mikronutrien)
Promotion of optimum breastfeeding (Optimalisasi pemberian ASI)
Complementary and responsive feeding practice and feeding stimulation (Pemberian
makan pendamping ASI secara responsive)
Dietary supplementation, food diversification and micronutrient supplementation or
fortification for children (supplemen makanan, suplemen mikronutrien atau fortifikasi)
Treatment for severe acut malnutrition (Pengobatan malnutrisi berat)
Diseases prevention and management (Pencegahan dan manajemen penyakit)
Nutrition in emergencies
Nutrition-sensitive INTERVENTION (Ruel
& Alderman, 2013)
Conde- Systematic Neonatus Perawatan Mengurangi risiko kematian (RR 0,60, 95% CI
Agudelo, 2011 review 16 prematur Metode 0,39-0,93), mengurangi infeksi nosocomial
RCTs kanguru
dan sepsis (RR 0,42, 95% CI 0,24-0,73),
mengurangi hipotermi (RR 0,23, 95% CI
1,10-0,55), mengurangi lama rawat (MD 2-4
hari, 95% CI 0,7-4,1)
Intervensi pada neonatus
Author, tahun Desain Populasi Intervensi Outcomes
Darlow & Systematic BBLR Pemberian Secara signifikan mengurangi angka
Graham, 2007 review of 9 Vitamin A (IM kematian dan kebutuhan oksigen pada usia
RCTs 5000 IU 3 hari
1 bulan.
perminggu
selama 4 Tidak signifikan pada neurodevelopment
minggu) usai 18-22 bulan
Haider & Systematic Bayi cukup Pemberian secara signifikab mengurangi angka
Bhutta, 2011 review 5 bulan Vitamin A kesakitan bayi (RR 0,86, 95% CI 0,77-0,97)
RCTs dan (50.000 IU
quasi pada saat
eksperimen lahir) Tidak signifikan terhadap angka kesakitan
bayi usia 12 bulan
Intervensi pada Bayi dan Anak dengan
meningkatkan perilaku
1. Pemberian ASI (Breastfeeding)
Evidence:
3. Responsive feeding
Evidence:
- cluster randomized field trial (Aboud et al, 2008)
Populasi: orang tua dan anaknya usai 12-24 bulan
Intervensi: 6 sesi pendidikan kesehatan responsive feeding
Comparison: 6 sesi Pendidikan kesehatan nutrisi yang ada
Outcome:
Secara signifikan meningkatkan berat badan dan perilaku makan anak
dibandingkan kelompok kontrol
Intervensi pada bayi dan anak dengan
pemberian Mikronutrien
1. Pemberian vitamin A (50.000 IU bayi < 6 bulan, 100.000 bayi 6-12 bulan, 200.000IU
diatas 12 bulan setiap 4-6 bulan)
Evidence:
- Systematic review 43 RCTs (Imdad, 2010)
Populasi: anak usia 6 bulan – 5 tahun
Outcome:
Secara signifikan mengurangi semua penyebab kematian (RR 0,76, 95% CI 0,69–
0,83), mengurangi diare penyebab kematian (RR 0,72, 95% CI 0,57–0,91),
mengurangi insiden diare (RR 0,85, 95% CI 0,82–0,87), mengurangi insiden campak
(RR 0・50, 95% CI 0・37–0・67)
3. Pemberian zat besi pada anak
- Systematic review 33 RCTs dan quasi eksperiment (De-regil et al, 2011)
Outcome:
Efek signifikan: menurunkan anemia (RR 0,51, 95% CI 0,37–0,72), menurunkan
kekurangan zat besi (RR 0・24, 95% CI 0・06–0・91), meningkatkan konsentrasi
hemoglobin (MD 5,20 g/L, 95% CI 2,51–7,88), meningkatkan konsentrasi ferritin
(MD 14・17 mcg/L, 95% CI 3,53–24,81)
3. Pemberian supplemen Zinc
Evidence:
Systematic review 18 RCTs (Imdad & Bhutta, 2011; Yakoob et al, 2011)
Intervensi: Pemberian zinc 10-20 mg dg durasi 6-18 bulan.
Outcome:
Preventive zinc supplementation memberikan efek signifikan pada
peningkatan rata-rata tinggi badan 0,37 cm (SD 0,25) pada anak usia
24 minggu, mengurangi diare 13% (95% CI 6–19), mengurangi kejadian
pneumonia 19% (95% CI 10–27).
4. Pemberian Multi Mikronutrient (MMN)
Evidence:
- Systematic review 18 RCTs (Allen et al, 2009)
supplemen MMN pada anak usia 6 bulan sampai 16 tahun
outcome: meningkatkan Panjang badan (MD 0,13, 95% CI 0,06–0,21),
meningkatkan tinggi (MD 0,14, 95% CI 0,03–0,25)
Immunisation; MTBS; pelayanan KB; Keamanan pangan; Air, sanitasi, dan hygiene
(Khan et al, 2007)
Edukasi orang tua; Keamanan pangan; keamanan social; MTBS; air sanitasi, dan
hygiene; Pelayanan keluarga berencana (Lima et al, 2010; Montero et al, 2009;
Victora et al; 2011)
Edukasi dan konseling nutrisi; Monitoring pertumbuhan; pemberian
makan pada bayi dan anak; Vit A and zat besi; imunisasi; fortifikasi
makanan; air, sanitasi dan hygiene, stimulasi psikososial pada anak
(Lechtig et al, 2009)
Edukasi dan konseling nutrisi; monitoring pertumbuhan; pemberian
makan pada bayi dan anak; Vit A; imunisasi; MTBS; keamanan pangan;
akses ke pelayanan kesehatan; air, sanitasi dan hygiene; telemedicine;
pencegahan dan pengobatan malaria, social savety net (Remans et al,
2011; Pronyk et al, 2012)
Pencegahan dan pengobatan malaria (Amouzu et al, 2012)
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TERIMA KASIH