Pembahasan Soal Perpindahan Panas

“Konveksi paksa”

Kelompok 4:
1. Kartika Putri Utami/170405009
2. Siti Rahmadani/170405017
3. Fadil M.Ryansah/170405028
4. Elfina Rahmania Zelfi/170405034
5. Muhammad Iksan Fauzi/170405050
 6.32 Engine oil at 20◦C enters a 2.0-mm-diameter tube at a velocity of 1.2 m/s. The tube
wall temperature is constant at 60◦C and the tube is 1.0 m long. Calculate the exit oil
temperature.
Penyelesaian:
𝑇𝑤 = 60℃

Oli ngine
𝑇𝑏2 =?

𝑇𝑏1 = 20℃
𝑚
𝑢∞ = 1,2
𝑠
d= 2mm = 0,002 m
𝐿 =1𝑚

• Untuk mencari suhu keluar (𝑇𝑏2 ) menggunakan rumus:

𝑇𝑏1 − 𝑇𝑏2
𝑞 = ℎ𝜋𝑑𝐿 𝑇𝑤 − = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇𝑏2 − 𝑇𝑏1
2
 Langkah-langkah penyelesaian:
Menghitung
Bilangan Re Menghitung Nilai 𝑁𝑢𝑑,
Mengetahui dengan rumus: Menghitung
sifat-sifat fisis Bilangan Graetz Karena, 𝐺𝑧 > 10
𝜌𝑢𝑑
dari oli engine 𝑅𝑒𝑑 = dengan rumus: 𝑇𝑤 = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎
𝜇
pada T=20°C 𝑑
𝐺𝑧 = 𝑅𝑒𝑑 Pr Rumus 𝑁𝑢𝑑 yang digunakan yaitu
𝜌 𝐶𝑝 k v Pr Aliran: Laminar/ 𝐿
turbulen? 1/3
𝑑 1 𝜇 0,14
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 1,86(𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟) ( )3 ( )
𝐿 𝜇𝑤

Menghitung nilai Menghitung nilai 𝑇𝑏2 dengan

h, rumus,
𝑘𝑁𝑢𝑑 𝑇𝑏1 − 𝑇𝑏2
ℎ= 𝑞 = ℎ𝜋𝑑𝐿 𝑇𝑤 −
𝑑
2
= 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇𝑏2 − 𝑇𝑏1
1. Berdasarkan Tabel Appendix A-4 JP Holman
Oli engine pada T= 20℃ dengan interpolasi, memiliki sifat fisis:
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 888,23 3
𝑚
𝑘𝑗
𝐶𝑝 = 1880 ℃
𝑘𝑔
𝑊
𝑘 = 0,145 ℃
𝑚
10−6 𝑚2
𝑣 = 0,009 ×
𝑠
𝑃𝑟 = 104000

2. Menghitung Bilangan 𝑅𝑒𝑑

𝑢𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑑 =
𝑣
1,2 (0,002)
𝑅𝑒𝑑 =
(0,0009)
𝑅𝑒𝑑 = 2,67 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟
3. Menghitung nilai 𝐺𝑧
𝑑
𝐺𝑧 = 𝑅𝑒𝑑 Pr
𝐿
0,02
𝐺𝑧 = 2,67 (10400)( )
1
𝐺𝑧 = 55,47 > 10
4. Menghitung nilai 𝑁𝑢𝑑
karena, 𝐺𝑧 > 10 dan 𝑇𝑤 = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎
maka rumus 𝑁𝑢𝑑 yang sesuai yaitu:
𝑑 1 𝜇 0,14
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 1,86(𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟)1/3 (
)3 ( )
𝐿 𝜇𝑤
1/3
0,002 1 79,947 0,14
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 1,86(2,67 × 10400) ( )3 ( )
1 0,072
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 6,1
5. Menghitung nilai ℎത
𝑘𝑁𝑢𝑑
ℎത =
𝑑
(0,145)(6,1)
ത
ℎ=
0,02
𝑊
ത
ℎ = 442 2 ℃
𝑚
6. Mengitung nilai 𝑇𝑏2
𝑇𝑏1 + 𝑇𝑏2
𝑞 = ℎ𝜋𝑑𝐿 𝑇𝑤 − = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇𝑏2 − 𝑇𝑏1
2
20 + 𝑇𝑏2 3,14
𝑞 = 442 3,14 (1) 60 − = (888,23)(1,2)( ) 0,002 2 (1880) 𝑇𝑏2 − 20
2 4
𝑇𝑏2 = 34,46℃
6.43 Ethylene glycol is to be cooled from 65 to 40◦C in a 3.0-cm-diameter tube. The tube wall
temperature is maintained constant at 20◦C. The glycol enters the tube with a velocity of 10 m/s.
Calculate the length of tube necessary to accomplish this cooling.
Penyelesaian:
𝑇𝑤 = 20℃

Oli ngine
𝑇𝑏2 = 40℃
𝑇𝑏1 = 65℃
𝑚
𝑢∞ = 10
𝑠
d= 3cm = 0,03 m
𝐿 =?
• Untuk mencari nilai L, rumus yang digunakan yaitu:
𝑞
𝐿= 𝑇 −𝑇
ℎ𝜋𝑑 𝑇𝑤 − 𝑏1 2 𝑏2
 Langkah-langkah penyelesaiannya yaitu:

Mengetahui Menghitung
sifat-sifat fisis Menghitung nilai Bilangan Re
dari etilen m, dengan rumus Menghitung nilai q, dengan dengan rumus:
rumus: 𝑢𝑑
glikol pada 𝜋𝑑 2 𝑅𝑒𝑑 =
T=20°C 𝑚=𝜌 𝑢 𝑞 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇𝑏2 − 𝑇𝑏1 ) 𝑣
4 ∞
𝜌 𝐶𝑝 k v Pr Aliran: Laminar/
turbulen?

Menghitung nilai 𝑁𝑢𝑑 , 𝑘𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑎: Menghitung L dengan rumus:

Menghitung nilai h, 𝑞
2500 < 𝑅𝑒𝑑 < 1,25 𝑥 105 𝐿=
𝑘𝑁𝑢𝑑 𝑇 − 𝑇𝑏2
0,6 < 𝑃𝑟 < 100 ℎ= ℎ𝜋𝑑 𝑇𝑤 − 𝑏1
𝑑 2
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 0,023 𝑅𝑒𝑑 0,8 𝑃𝑟 0,3
1. Berdasarkan Tabel Appendix A-4 JP Holman
Etilen Glikol pada T= 65℃ dengan interpolasi, memiliki sifat fisis:
𝑘𝑔
𝜌 = 1085,135 3
𝑚
𝑘𝑗
𝐶𝑝 = 2584 ℃
𝑘𝑔
𝑊
𝑘 = 0,26025 ℃
𝑚
10−6 𝑚2
𝑣 = 4,3075 ×
𝑠
𝑃𝑟 = 46,35

2. Menghitung nilai massa (m)

𝜋𝑑 2
𝑚=𝜌 𝑢
4 ∞
2
3,14 0,03
𝑚 = 1085,135 10
4
𝑚 = 7,666 𝑘𝑔
3. Menghitung nilai q
𝑞 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 (𝑇𝑏2 − 𝑇𝑏1 )
𝑞 = 7,666 2,584 (40 − 65)
𝑞 = −495223,6 𝑊

4. Menghitung Bilangan 𝑅𝑒𝑑

𝑢𝑑
𝑅𝑒𝑑 =
𝑣
10 (0,03)
𝑅𝑒𝑑 =
(4,3075×10−6 )
𝑅𝑒𝑑 = 69646 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛

5. Menghitung nilai 𝑁𝑢𝑑

karena, 2500 < 𝑅𝑒𝑑 < 1,25 𝑥 105 dan 0,6 < 𝑃𝑟 < 100
maka rumus 𝑁𝑢𝑑 yang sesuai yaitu:
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 0,023 𝑅𝑒𝑑 0,8 𝑃𝑟 0,3
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 0,023 (69646)0,8 (46,35)0,3
𝑁𝑢𝑑 = 544,96
6. Menghitung nilai ℎത
𝑘𝑁𝑢𝑑
ℎത =
𝑑
(0,26025)(544,96)
ത
ℎ=
0,03
𝑊
ത
ℎ = 4727,528 2 ℃
𝑚
7. Mencari Nilai L
𝑞
L= 𝑇 +𝑇
ℎ𝜋𝑑(𝑇𝑤 − 𝑏1 2 𝑏2 )
−495223,6
L= 65+40
(4727,528)(3,14)(0,03)(20− )
2
L=34,2 m
6.50 A0.13-mm-diameter wire is exposed to an airstream at −30◦C and 54 kPa. The flow
velocity is 230 m/s. The wire is electrically heated and is 12.5 mm long. Calculate the electric
power necessary to maintain the wire surface temperature at 175◦C.
6.61 Helium at 150 kPa and 20◦C is forced at 50 m/s across a horizontal cylinder having a
diameter of 30 cm and a length of 6 m. Calculate the heat lost by the cylinder if its surface
temperature is maintained constant at 100◦C.
6.68 A heated sphere having a diameter of 3 cm is maintained at a constant temperature of
90◦C and placed in a water flow stream at 20◦C. The water flow velocity is 3.5 m/s. Calculate
the heat lost by the sphere.
6.79 A certain home electric heater uses thin metal strips to dissipate heat. The strips are 6 mm
wide and are oriented normal to the airstream, which is produced by a small fan. The air velocity
is 2 m/s, and seven 35-cm strips are employed. If the
strips are heated to 870◦C, estimate the total convection heat transfer to the room
air at 20◦C. (Note that in such a heater, much of the total transfer will be by thermal radiation.)
6.86 Air at 1 atm and 350 K enters a 1.25-cm-diameter tube with a flow rate of 35 g/s. The
surface temperature of the tube is 300 K, and its length is 12 m. Calculate the heat lost by the
air and the exit air temperature.
6.97 Water flows at an average flow velocity of 10 ft/s in a smooth tube at an average
temperature of 60◦F. The tube diameter is 2.5 cm. Calculate the length of tube required to
cause the bulk temperature of the water to rise 10◦C if the tube wall temperature is
maintained at 150◦F.