OIKUMENIKA

Marsel J. Tumbelaka, S.Th, M.Pd

 Oikumenika
Studi Ilmu menyangkut oikumene
dan bagaimana usaha-usaha orang Kristen
atau gereja-gereja menjadi esa (satu)
 Istilah-Istilah Oikumene

EKUMENE / ECUMENE OIKUMENIS

EKUMENIKAL / ECUMENICAL
OIKUMENE / OIKOUMENE

OIKUMENISME /
OIKUMENIKA
ECUMENISM

3
Pengertian Oikumene
Kata oikumene diambil dari 2 kata Yunani yakni όικος yang berarti “rumah” dan
μενήιν yang berarti “mendiami”, “menghuni” atau “tinggal”. Oikumene dalam
artian lainnya berasal dari kata kerja Yunani; όικεο (participium praesentis
passivum femininum) yang berarti “tinggal”, “berdiam” atau “mendiami”. Oleh
sebab itu, secara etimologi oikumene berarti ”yang didiami” atau “mendiami
rumah sebagai tempat tinggal bersama”.

Pada perkembangannya, kata oikumene telah memperoleh arti khusus yaitu

secara geografis; “dunia yang didiami”, “seluruh umat manusia”. Sedangkan
secara politik; “kekaisaran Romawi dan semua penduduknya”.
Istilah Oikumene dalam Gereja
Istilah oikumene mulai dipakai oleh gereja dimana seluruh dunia yang didiami dan
yang dikuasai oleh kekaisaran Romawi menjadi wilayah kerja gereja dalam
menjalankan misinya. Pada saat gereja diakui oleh negara, mulai muncul konsili-
konsili oikumenis yang bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan persoalan-persoalan gereja
yang dianggap mewakili seluruh gereja (oikumene) atau berlaku secara universal.

Pemahaman oikumene modern mulai diartikan sebagai sikap rela untuk melampaui
batas-batas tembok yang memisahkan gereja-gereja Protestan, Ortodoks, dan
Katolik Roma untuk menjadi esa (satu) kembali. Jadi arti modern kata ini tidak lagi
menunjuk pada suatu kenyataan seperti dahulu tetapi kepada suatu tujuan yang
hendak dicapai melalui suatu usaha menciptakan gereja yang esa (satu), kudus,
am dan rasuli dari credo (pengakuan iman) yang dipercayai.

5
 Landasan Teologis Yohanes 17:20-21

1. Oikumene adalah Kehendak Allah

Oikumene lahir dari pikiran Allah sendiri dan
inisiatif Allah untuk kesatuan gereja
2. Model oikumene adalah Tritunggal
Tritunggal menjadi model dan konsep ideal bagi
kesatuan gereja
3. Doa adalah modal oikumene
Doa memegang peran sentral dalam usaha
mewujudkan oikumene
4. Oikumene memiliki tujuan yang besar
Oikumene berimplikasi pada satu target besar yakni
misi pekabaran Injil bagi dunia

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 Landasan Teologis Oikumene
Yohanes 17:20-21
Doa Tuhan Yesus agar
supaya mereka menjadi satu
Roma 10:9-12
Karena Allah yang satu itu Matius 28:18-20
adalah Tuhan dari semua orang Amanat Agung; jadikanlah
semua bangsa murid-Ku

Kisah Para Rasul 1:8

Kamu akan menjadi saksi-Ku Ibrani 2:5
sampai ke ujung bumi Seluruh dunia yang
ditaklukkan di bawah
pemerintahan Kristus

Efesus 1:10,15,22
Kristus sebagai kepala gereja Efesus 4:1-16
dan jemaat Kesatuan Jemaat

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Oikumene dan Gerakan Oikumene
Dalam perkembangan sejarah gereja, istilah oikumene tidak terpisahkan dari istilah
Gerakan Oikumene. Menurut Eka Darmaputera, pemahaman oikumene hendaknya
memang menjadi suatu gerakan dalam hal ini Gerakan Oikumene, sebab gerakan
berarti menandakan suatu kondisi dinamis dalam konteks dunia yang terus berubah.
Menurut Chris Hartono, Gerakan Oikumene adalah gerakan yang bertujuan untuk
mewujudkan dan menghayati keesaan gereja-gereja sebagai wujud nyata dari hakikat
yang asasi dari gereja Kristus yang sebenarnya.

Jadi, Gerakan Oikumene merupakan upaya yang dilakukan oleh gereja-gereja dalam
mewujudkan keesaan (kesatuan) gereja. Dalam perkembangannya gerakan ini
berkembang luas tidak hanya pada persoalan gereja melainkan turut ambil bagian
dalam persoalan duniawi yang menyangkut kemanusiaan dan alam semesta.

8
 Sejarah Gerakan Oikumene

Skisma Timur-Barat Gerakan Pietisme/ Revival

Skisma Gereja Gerakan kesalehan
Ortodoks dan Katolik atau semangat
Roma tahun 1054 kebangunan rohani
(Abad 11) (Abad 18-19)

Reformasi berawal pada 31 Konferensi PI Sedunia di Edinburgh 14-23

Oktober 1517 oleh Martin Juni 1910 diperingati sebagai hari kelahiran
Luther (Abad 16-17) gerakan oikumene internasional

Reformasi Protestan Konferensi PI

Sedunia 1910

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 Tugas Kelompok

Kelompok 1 Kelompok 2 Kelompok 3

Gereja Katolik Roma Gereja Ortodoks Yunani Gereja Prostestan

Kelompok 4 Kelompok 5 Kelompok 6

Gerakan Baru; Pietisme dan Konferensi Pekabaran Injil Neptune is the farthest planet
Revival Sedunia di Edinburgh 1910 in our Solar System and the
fourth-largest

10
Whoa!
It could be the part of the presentation where
you can introduce yourself, write your email…
Here is where your
presentation
begins
“This is a quote. Words full of
wisdom that someone
important said and can make
the reader get inspired.”
—Someone famous
Contents

Introduction Presentation Conclusion

Here you could describe the Here you could describe the Here you could describe the
topic of the section topic of the section topic of the section
Maybe you need to divide the content
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than our
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to
do with the liquid metal since it was
named after the Roman messenger god
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly
hot—even hotter than Mercury—and its
atmosphere is extremely poisonous. It’s
the second-brightest natural object in the
night sky after the Moon
15
 You could use three columns, why not?

MARS JUPITER MERCURY

Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place, not hot. It’s full
of iron oxide dust, which
gives the planet its reddish
cast
It’s a gas giant and the
biggest planet in our Solar
System. Jupiter is the
fourth-brightest object in
the sky
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in our
Solar System. It’s only a
bit larger than our Moon

16
A picture always
reinforces the
concept
Images reveal large amounts of data
quickly, so remember: use an image
instead of long texts. Your audience
will appreciate that

17
A picture is worth a
thousand words

18
Awesome words
Because key words are great for catching your audience’s attention
 Infographics make your idea
understandable…

MERCURY MARS
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun Despite being red, Mars is a
and is only a bit larger than our Moon. cold place, not hot.

SATURN NEPTUNE
It’s a gas giant, composed mostly of Neptune is the farthest
hydrogen and helium. planet in our Solar System.

VENUS SUN
Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s It’s the star at the center
terribly hot, even hotter than Mercury. of the Solar System.

20
 If you want to modify this graph, click on it, follow the
link, change the data and replace it here

JUPITER
It’s a gas giant and the biggest
planet in our Solar System.

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and is only a bit larger than our Moon.

MARS
Despite being red, Mars is a cold place, not hot.
The planet is full of iron oxide dust.

VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s terribly hot,
even hotter than Mercury.

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 …and the same goes for tables

MASS DIAMETER SURFACE GRAVITY

(earths) (earths) (earths)

MERCURY 0,06 0,38 0,38

MARS 0,11 0,53 0,38

SATURN 95,2 9,4 1,16

22
A timeline always works fine
DAY 1 DAY 3 DAY 5
Mercury is the Despite being Saturn is composed
closest planet to red, Mars is a mostly of hydrogen
the Sun. cold place. and helium.

DAY 2 DAY 4 DAY 6

Venus has a Jupiter is the Mercury is the
beautiful name, but biggest planet in closest planet to
it’s terribly hot. our Solar the Sun.
System. 23
Do you prefer this timeline?

DAY 1 DAY 3
Mercury is the Despite being
closest planet to red, Mars is a
the Sun. cold place.

Venus has a Jupiter is the

beautiful name, but biggest planet in
it’s terribly hot. our Solar System.

DAY 2 DAY 4

24
 How about the percentages?

JUPITER VENUS
It’s a gas giant and Venus has a
25% the biggest planet 75% beautiful name, but
in our Solar System. it’s terribly hot, even
hotter than Mercury.

MERCURY MARS
It’s the closest Despite being red,
50% planet to the Sun. 100% Mars is a cold place,
It’s only a bit larger not hot. It’s full of
than our Moon. iron oxide dust.

25
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
is the distance between the Earth and the Moon

27
 You could use three columns, why not?

MARS JUPITER MERCURY

Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place, not hot. It’s
full of iron oxide dust,
which gives the planet its
reddish cast
It’s a gas giant and the Mercury is the closest
biggest planet in our planet to the Sun and
Solar System. Jupiter is the smallest one in our
the fourth-brightest Solar System—it’s only a
object in the sky bit larger than our Moon

28
 Sometimes, reviewing
concepts is a good idea

MERCURY VENUS MARS

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name, Despite being red, Mars is a
to the Sun and is only a bit but it’s terribly hot, even hotter cold place, not hot. The planet
larger than our Moon than Mercury is full of iron oxide dust

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

It’s a gas giant and also the Yes, this is the ringed one. It’s a Neptune is the farthest planet
biggest planet in our Solar gas giant, composed mostly of in our Solar System and the
System hydrogen and helium fourth-largest

29
 Reinforce the concept
using infographics!

MERCURY MARS
Mercury is the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is a cold
the Sun and is only a bit larger place, not hot
than our Moon

SATURN NEPTUNE
It’s a gas giant, composed Neptune is the farthest planet from
mostly of hydrogen and the Sun
helium

VENUS SUN
Venus has a beautiful name, but It’s the star at the center of
it’s terribly hot, even hotter than the Solar System
Mercury

30
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