Oleh:
Nursigit (2010730151)
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS SEPSIS
GEJALA DISFUNGSI ORGAN
– Hipoksemia arteri (PaO2/FiO2 < 300)
– Oliguria akut (urin output < 0,5 ml/kg/jam selama 2 jam pemberian
resusitasi cairan yang adekuat)
– Peningkatan kreatinin > 0,5 mg/dl atau 44,2 μmol/L
– Koagulasi abnormal aPTT > 60 detik
– Ileus BU (-)
– Trombositopenia (trombosit < 100.000/μL )
– Hiperbilirubinemia (Bilirubin total dalam plasma > 4 mg/dl atau 70
μmol/L)
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
KRITERIA DIAGNOSIS SEPSIS
*GANGGUAN HEMODINAMIK
- Hipotensi arteri ( sistolik < 90 mmHg, MAP < 70 mmHg,
sistolik menurun > 40 mmHg pada dewasa dan < 2 kali
dibawah nilai normal pada kriteria umur
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
KRITERIA SEPSIS BERAT
- Sepsis menginduksi hipotensi
- Kadar laktat meningkat jauh diatas batas normal
- Urine out put < 0,5 ml/kg/jam selama resusitasi cairan adekuat >
2 jam
- Kerusakan paru akut dengan Pao2/Fio2 < 250 tanpa ada nya
pneumonia sebagai sumber infeksi
- Keruskan paru akut dengan Pao2/Fio2 < 200 dengan adanya
pneumonia sebagai sumber infeksi
- Kreatinin > 2 mg/dL
- Bilirubin > 2 mg/dL
- Jumlah platelet < 100000/μL
- Koagulopati
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Harus dilakukan dalam 3 jam :
1. Ukur kadar Laktat
2. Lakukan kultur darah sebelum pemberian antibiotic
3. Berikan antibiotic spektrum luas
4. Berikan kristaloid 30 ml/kg untuk hipotensi kadar laktat > 4 mmol/L
Harus dilakukan dalam 6 jam :
5. Berikan vasopressor (untuk hipertensi yang tidak respon pada
terapi cairan) untuk mempertahankan (MAP) > 65 mmHg
6. Pada kondisi hipotensi arteri yang menetap setelah pemberian
volume resusitasi (syok septik) atau kadar laktat > 4 mmol/L:
• Ukur CVP (Tekanan Central Vena). Target > 8 mmHg
• Ukur saturasi oksigen Central Vena ( ScvO2). Target > 70%
7. Ukur kembali kadar laktat bila kadar laktat awal telah tinggi.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
GUIDELINE
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
KOMPLIKASI
Sepsis adalah respon host sistemik terhadap infeksi yang merusak dan dapat
menyebabkan sepsis berat (disfungsi organ akut sekunder) dan syok septik
(sepsis berat ditambah hipotensi yang tidak membaik dengan resusitasi cairan).
Kriteria klinis dari sepsis dapat dinilai dari variable umum (demam, hipotermia,
takikardia, takipneu, penurunan status mental, edema yang signifikan,
hiperglikemia), variable inflamasi (leukositosis, leukopenia, peningkatan plasma
C-reactive protein dan plasma procalcitonin), variable hemodinamik (hipotensi
arterial), variable disfungsi organ dan variable perfusi jaringan.
Diagnosis dini dan GUIDELINE yang cepat dan tepat terhadap sepsis dapat memperbaiki outcome
pada pasien dan menurunkan tingkat mortalitas.
*REFERENSI
Levy MM, Dellinger RP, Townsend SR. et al. 2009. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Crit Care Med. 2010
Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al. 2001. International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003.
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016.
R. P. Dellinger, et al. Intensive Care Medicine. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for
Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, 2012. February 2013, Volume 39, Issue 2, pp 165–228.
ISSN: 0342-4642 (Print) 1432-1238 (Online)
R. Phillip Dellinger, MD. Consultant: Volume 54 - Issue 10 - October 2014 The Surviving Sepsis Campaign
2014: An Update On The Management And Performance Improvement For Adults In Severe Sepsis
Reinhardt K, Bloos K, Brunkhorst FM. 2005. Pathophysiology of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction. In:
Fink MP, Abraham E, Vincent JL, eds. Textbook of critical care. 15th ed. London: Elsevier Saunders Co. p:
1249-57
Besten, Andrew D. et al. 2009. Oh’s Intensive Care Manual Sixth Edition. British Library
ProCESS Investigators, Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Juang DT, et al. A randomized trial of protocol-based care for
early septic shock. N Engl J Med 2014; 370(18):1683-1693
Terima kasih,
Wassalamu ‘alaikum
wr.wb
GEJALA KLINIS
SIRS
SIRS
– systemic inflammatory response
syndrome
Must have at least 2 of the following:
Temperature >38.5ºC or <36ºC
Heart rate >90 beats/min
Respiratory rate >20 breaths/min or PaCO2 <32
mmHg
WBC>12,000 cells/mm3, <4000 cells/mm3, or
>10 % immature (band) forms
SIRSis the body’s response to infection,
inflammation, stress.
Sepsis and Severe Sepsis
Sepsis
– SIRS + suspected or confirmed infection
(documented via cultures or visualized via physical
exam/imaging)
Severe Sepsis – Sepsis + at least one sign of organ hypo-
perfusion or dysfunction
Areas of mottled skin Disseminated intravascular
coagulation
Capillary refill > 3 secs AKI
UOP < 0.5cc/kg /hr ARDS or acute lung injury (ALI)
Lactate > 2mmol /L Cardiac dysfunction on echo
Altered mental status Plt < 100
Abnormal EEG Troponin Leak
Septic Shock
SepticShock - Severe sepsis plus one of the following
conditions:
MAP <60 mm Hg (<80 mm Hg if previous hypertension)
after adequate fluid resuscitation
Need for pressors to maintain BP after fluid resuscitation
Adequate fluid resuscitation = 40 to 60 mL/kg saline
solution (NS 5L-10L)
Lactate > 4mmol /L
Syok Berdasarkan Penyebabnya
Hipovolemi Obstruktif
Kardiogeni
k (from (hambatan
k (pompa
internal or sirkulasi Distributif (vasomotor terganggu)
jantung
external menuju
terganggu)
fluid loss) jantung)
Insufisiensi
Syok Syok
Syok Septik Adrenal
Anafilaktik Neurogenik
Akut
Syok Septik
• Merupakan penyebab utama mortalitas pada unit
rawat intensif oleh karena aktivasi kaskade inflamasi
sistemik.
Pemberian antibiotik
Golongan spektrum luas
Berikan O2
Gamma Venin P
Sebaiknya diberikan koloid berat molekul sedang <100.000-200.000 dalton> seperti
fima hes 200
Syok Septik
• Merupakan penyebab utama mortalitas pada unit
rawat intensif oleh karena aktivasi kaskade
inflamasi sistemik.
Pemberian antibiotik
Golongan spektrum luas
Berikan O2
Gamma Venin P
Sebaiknya diberikan koloid berat molekul sedang <100.000-200.000 dalton> seperti
fima hes 200
+
Oxygen Delivery
Optimalisation
DO2 = CO x Hb x SaO2 x 1,34
Oxygenation/Ventilation
HR x SV
Oxygenation/Ventilation
HR x SV 1
Mechanical Ventilation
2
Preload Contractility Afterload
Terapi Cairan
+
Oxygen Delivery
Optimalisation
DO2 = CO x Hb x SaO2 x 1,34
Oxygenation/Ventilation
HR x SV 1
Mechanical Ventilation
2 3
Preload Contractility Afterload
Terapi Cairan
Vasoaktif
+
Oxygen Delivery
OptimalisationTransfusi 5
2 3
Preload Contractility Afterload
Terapi Cairan Vasoaktif
Inotropik 4