Gruber4e - ch01 - Terjemahan
Gruber4e - ch01 - Terjemahan
CopyrightGruber
© 2012 Fourth
Worth Edition
Publishers
Copyright © 2012 Worth Publishers 1 of 32
Kenapa mempelajari Keuangan Publik? 1
1.1 4 pertanyaan mengenai Keuangan Publik
1.2 Kenapa belajar Keuangan Publik? Fakta pada
pemerintah di United States dan seluruh dunia?
1.3 Kenapa belajar Keuangan Publik? Pembahasan
kebijakan mengenai jaminan sosial, kesehatan dan
pendidikan
1.4 Kesimpulan
PREPARED BY
Dan Sacks
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Kapan Pemerintah Seharusnya beperan dalam
Perekonomian?
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PENERAPAN: Wabah cacar air 1989−1991
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PENERAPAN: Wabah cacar air 1989−1991
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Bagaimana Peran Pemerintah?
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Bagaimana Peran Pemerintah?
• Membatasi atau Mengawasi Penjualan dan
Pembelian
o Membatasi kuota penjualan dan pembelian
barang yang terlalu banyak diproduksi.
o Mengawasi kebutuhan pembelian barang yang
kurang diproduksi.
• Ketetapan Publik
o Pemerintah dapat menyediakan barang secara
langsung.
• Pembiayaan Publik dari ketetapan swata
o Pemerintah membayar, perusahaan swasta yang
memproduksi
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Apa dampak dari Peran Pemerintah?
Peran Pemerintah mempunyai dampak langsung dan
tidak langsung
Direct effects: Dampak yang akan dilihat jika individu
tidak merubah kebiasaan mereka untuk merespon peran
pemerintah.
o Dengan 49 juta warga yang tidak diasuransikan,
menyediakan asuransi kesehatan untuk melindungi
49 juta orang.
• Indirect effects: Dampak yang hanya meningkat karena
individu merubah kebiasaan mereka untuk merespon
peran pemerintah.
o Jika masyarakat menurunkan cakupan swasta,
banyak orang akan terlindungi dengan rencana
publik.
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Kenapa Pemerintah Melakukan hal yang Mereka
Mau?
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APLIKASI: The Congressional Budget Office
sebagai ‘penjaga pintu’
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Pengeluaran pemerintah federal AS terhadap %
PDB, 1930−2011
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Total pengeluaran pemerintah federal AS
dibandingkan dengan Negara maju lainnya,
1960−2013
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Desentralisasi
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Pendapatan dan pengeluaran federal, 1930−2011
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Surplus/deficit anggaran federal, 1930−2011
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Hutang federal, 1930−2011
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Tingkat hutang dari Negara-Negara anggota OECD
pada 2011
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Penerimaan, pengeluaran, dan Surplus pemerintah
Negara bagian/daerah, 1947−2008
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Distribusi pengeluaran
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Distribusi pengeluaran pemerintah Negara
bagian/daerah, 1960 and 2012
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Distribusi sumber pendapatan pemerintah federal,
1960 and 2011
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Distribusi sumber pendapatan pemerintah Negara
bagian/daerah, 1960 and 2011
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Regulatory Role of the Government
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Mengapa mempelajari keuangan public sekarang?
Perdebatan dalam pengambilan kebijakan mengenai jaminan
sosial, Health Care, dan pendidikan
Terdapat beberapa debat ‘panas’ mengenai pengambilan
kebijakan yang berfokus pada dampak dari program –
program pemerintah yang utama :
• Peran dari adanya program jaminan sosial, health care,
dan pendidikan adalah semua subjek yang menjadi
sumber pendapatan.
• Kubu “Liberal” dan kubu “konservatif” memiliki
pandangan yang berbeda mengenai bagaimana
mengatasi permasalahan utama tersebut
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Mengapa mempelajari keuangan public sekarang? Jaminan
sosial
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Mengapa mempelajari keuangan publik sekarang?
pendidikan
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kesimpulan
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