Dalam
Islam
( Munakahat )
http://rangkumanbukuagamaislamxxx.blogspot.com/p/bab-5-munakahat-ketentuanhukum-islam_563.html
01 Ashita Nadira Syamsudin
02 Devia
Kelompok
1 03 Isca Humaira
05 Mhd.Hafiz Ramadhan
A.KETENTUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PERNIKAHAN
1.Pengertian
Munakahat berarti pernikahan atau perkawinan.
Menurut bahasa Indonesia, kata nikah berarti berkumpul
atau bersatu. Dalam istilah syariat, nikah itu berarti
melakukan suatu akad atau perjanjian untuk
mengikatkan diri antara seorang laki-laki dan seorang
perempuan serta menghasilkan hubungan kelamin
antara keduanya dengan suka rela dan persetujuan
bersama, demi terwujudnya keluarga (rumah tangga)
bahagia, yang di ridai oleh Allah SWT.
2. Hukum Nikah
Menurut sebagian besar ulama, hukum nikah pada dasarnya adalah mubah, boleh
dikerjakan dan boleh ditinggalkan. Hukum nikah dapat berubah menjadi sunah, wajib,
makruh, atau haram. Penjelasannya adalah sebagai berikut:
1.Wanita yang haram dinikahi karena keturunan: 2. Wanita yang haram dinikahi karena perkawinan
a. Ibu kandung dan seterusnya ke atas (nenek dari ibu dan nenek dari ayah). a. Ibu dari istri (mertua).
b. Anak perempuan kandung dan seterusnya ke bawah (cucu & seterusnya). b. Anak tiri (anak dari istri dengan suami lain), apabila suami telah berkumpul
c. Saudara perempuan (sekandung, sebapak atau seibu). dengan ibunya.
d. Saudara perempuan dari bapak c. Ibu tiri (istri dari ayah),baik sudah dicerai atau belum. Allah SWT berfirman
e. Saudara perempuan dari ibu. yang artinya,“Dan janganlah kamu kawini wanita-wanita yang pernah dikawini
f. Anak perempuan dari saudara laki-laki dan seterusnya ke bawah. oleh ayahmu.” (Q.S. An-Nisa’, 4: 22)
g. Anak perempuan dari saudara perempuan dan seterusnya ke bawah. d. Menantu (istri dari anak laki-laki), baik sudah dicerai maupun belum
3. Wanita yang haram dinikahi karena pertalian 4. Wanita yang haram dinikahi karena
muhrim dengan istri hubungan sesusuan:
Misalnya, haram melakukan poligami (memperistri sekaligus) a. Ibu yang menyusui.
terhadap dua orang bersaudara, terhadap seorang perempuan b. Saudara perempuan sesusuan
dengan bibinya, terhadap seorang perempuan dengan
kemenakannya.
6. Kewajiban Suami
a. Taat kepada suami dalam batas-batas yang sesuai dengan ajaran Islam.
f. Memelihara, mengasuh, dan mendidik anak agar menjadi anak yang saleh.
8. Hikmah Pernikahan
Memenuhi kebutuhan seksual dengan cara yang diridai Allah
(cara yang islami), dan menghindari cara yang dimurkai Allah
seperti perzinaan atau homoseks (gay atau lesbian).
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