PERENCANAAN
PELAYANAN KESEHATAN
MAGISTER MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT
1. Kebutuhan yang dianggap diperlukan oleh dokter tetapi tidak diperlukan oleh klien
atau sebaliknya. misalnya: kolonoskopi mungkin merupakan pilihan skrining yang lebih
baik untuk kanker kolorektal, namun pasien menganggapnya tidak dapat diterima; Kebutuhan
2. Pelayanan yang diinginkan klien tetapi tidak diterima, seperti program penurunan
berat badan;
dan
3. Layanan yang diperlukan oleh tenaga profesional tetapi tidak diterima oleh pasien.
Permintaan
Misalnya: layanan pranatal bagi remaja kurang mampu;
4. Sumber daya yang diinginkan klien tetapi tidak ada atau tersedia, seperti dokter di
daerah yang kekurangan dokter;
5. Sumber daya yang dibutuhkan oleh para profesional namun belum tersedia. Misalnya:
teknologi pencitraan di daerah pedesaan;
6. Morbiditas yang disebabkan oleh kegagalan dalam menggunakan layanan yang tepat.
misalnya: rawat inap yang tidak dapat dihindari karena kondisi yang sensitif terhadap
perawatan rawat jalan.
Operational planning
Proses perencanaan fungsional jangka pendek untuk suatu
organisasi
Tactical planning is
Other
Perencanaan organisasi jangka pendek yang berfokus pada permasalahan Categories of
sehari-hari Planning
Program planning
Perencanaan organisasi untuk kegiatan tertentu; ruang lingkup dan kerangka
waktu dapat bervariasi. Disebut juga perencanaan proyek.
Contingency planning
Perencanaan organisasi untuk melanjutkan operasi selama terjadi bencana
atau kejadian tak terduga lainnya di masa depan.
Assume that we have a service area of 60,000 people aged 65-84 from which the hospital draws patients.
The care can be broken up into primary (75 to 80 percent of admissions), secondary (10 to 15 percent of
admissions), and tertiary (5 to 10 percent of admissions) service areas, each with distinct use rates that
reflect underlying demographic characteristics. Assume that you use 2017 utilization rates to project bed
demand to 2022 and that the population in the service area is expected to grow by 18 percent to 70,800 in
2022 and by 36 percent to 81,600 in 2027.
QUESTION (1)
1. Assume that 2017 utilization rates in patient days (per 1,000 population, aged 65-84) in the primary,
secondary, and tertiary service areas are 90, 115, and 120, respectively, for CHD patients.What might
explain these differences in use rates?
2. Assume that the overall 2017 use rate (per 1,000) for all areas combined is 95. With a population of
60,000 eligible patients, aged 65-84, how many patient days does this represent? (A patient day is one
patient occupying one bed for one hospital day; if one patient stayed in the hospital for an entire year,
that patient would accrue 365 patient days.)
95/1000 × 60,000 = 5,700 patient days for CHD patients aged 65-84.
3. Assuming that the use rate remains the same for CHD patients aged 65-84, how many patient days can
be anticipated in 2022? In 2027?
(95/1000) × 70,800 = 6,726 in 2022, and (95/1000) × 81,600 = 7,752 in 2027.
4. Would you expect the age-specific use rates to increase by 2027?Why or why not?
QUESTION (2)
5. How many beds are required for CHD patients in 2022 and 2027, assuming 100 percent utilization (each
bed is filled all the time?What about 75 percent utilization? Why is the number of beds needed at 75
percent utilization higher?
6,726/365 = 18.4 beds in 2022 and 7,752/365 = 21.2 beds in 2027 at 100 percent occupancy.
18.4/0.75 = 24.5 beds in 2022 and 21.2/0.75 = 28.3 beds in 2027 at 75 percent occupancy.
6. Assume that age-specific prevalence rates of CHD are projected to increase in 2022 and even more in
2027 due to the influence of risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. What effect would this have on
2022 and 2027 use rates and bed needs?
7. What other factors might affect both use rates and bed needs in 2022 and 2027?
QUESTION (3)
8. Exhibit 5.2 presents the prevalence of four major risk factors for CHD in Virginia for four age groups in
2012 and 2017. The ratio of two prevalence rates (prevalence ratio) is a measure of disease burden. The
prevalence of two risk factors is how much more common among men aged 70-74 in 2017 compared
with men aged 55-59?
10. Exhibit 5.3 presents the ten-year risk of CHD (cumulative incidence rate) for men and women with
these risk factors in 2012 and 2017 using an algorithm reported by Wilson et al. (1998). The ratio of
incidence rates (risk ratio or relative risk) is a measure of disease risk. Using 2022 data, how would you
calculate the relative risk of CHD for women aged 70-74 who have all four risk factors compared with
women aged 70-74 who have no risk factors?
12. How many hospital beds are needed in 2022 and 2027 at 100 percent occupancy? At 75 percent
occupancy?
6,576/365 = 18.0 beds in 2022 at 100 percent occupancy and 18.0/0.75 = 24.0 beds at 75 percent
occupancy. In 2027, 7,645/365=21.0 beds in at 100 percent occupancy and 21.0/0.75 = 28.0 beds at 75
percent occupancy.
MAGISTER MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT
Pasar Geografis
Wilayah geografis biasanya didasarkan pada unit geopolitik yang ada seperti
kabupaten atau wilayah statistik metropolitan standar
Area Layanan
Menempatkan penyedia layanan kesehatan sebagai pusat dan berupaya
menentukan area dimana sebagian besar pasiennya berasal.
●Geographic or
Wilayah pelayanan :
Service Area
● pasar primer, Market
● sekunder, atau
● tersier
tergantung pada persentase penerimaan yang berasal dari wilayah tersebut
MAGISTER MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT
Example
Secara global diperkirakan akan melebihi 106 juta kasus di masa depan,
.
MAGISTER MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT
Bertujuan :
1. Memahami kebutuhan pelanggan
2. Mempromosikan layanan
3. Memastikan bahwa pasien menerima perawatan yang mereka butuhkan.
Tingkat Lokal:
(ketersediaan dokter, tempat tidur rumah sakit, dan perawatan jangka
panjang.
Tingkat Regional atau Negara Bagian:
Departemen kesehatan memiliki akses terhadap data demografi populasi,
klaim rumah sakit, penyakit yang dapat dilaporkan, dan data faktor risiko.
Community
Tingkat Nasional:
Health Planning
Pencapaian kesehatan nasional , mencakup penurunan angka kematian
berdasarkan kelompok umur dan morbiditas.
MAGISTER MANAJEMEN RUMAH SAKIT
Human Resources
Planning
Human Resources
Planning