PULASAN SITOPATOLOGI
-1861
-Pada sekresi faring
-Post mortem
-Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
Sejarah Sitodiagnosis
The second era
⚫ Mudah
⚫ Murah
⚫ Cepat
⚫ Sederhana
⚫ Resiko minimal (pendarahan sedikit/ bahkan tanpa rasa nyeri)
⚫ Waktu pemeriksaan relatif singkat
⚫ Dapat dilakukan sebagai tindakan massal
⚫ Untuk screening lesi yang derajat keganasannya tinggi tidak
menimbulkan stimulasi metastase
⚫ Efektif untuk diagnosis tumor saluran cerna, paru, saluran kemih,
dan lambung
⚫ Dapat memberikan hasil positif meskipun pada pemeriksaan
langsung dan palpasi tidak menunjukkan kelainan
Keterbatasan Pemeriksaan Sitologi
Sputum
Sendi
Bronchial washing/ brushing
Urine cerebrospinal
Cairan lambung
pleura
Aspirasi jaringan tumor
Fine Needle
Aspiration Cytology
(FNAC)
Body
fluids
Exfoliative cytology/
Sitologi Ekspoliatif
⚫ 🡪 Sel yang terlepas atau diambil dari permukaan
Epitel dari berbagai organ.
wash smear
scraping brushing
Bronchial wash
Brushing
Scraping
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (fnab)
Body fluids
Pleura Pericardium
Body fluids
CSF Ascites
JENIS CAIRAN SIAP
DI SENTRIFUS
⚫ Fiksasi 🡪
- mencegah proses degenerasi sel dan
jaringan
- mempertahankan morfologi sel seperti
pada saat masih hidup di dalam tubuh
Metode Fiksasi
⚫ Wet Fixation/ fiksasi basah 🡪 95% Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)
• Fiksasi yang ideal dan
direkomendasikan
• dehydrating agent
• menghasilkan detail
karakteristik kromatin
yang optimal
• Waktu fiksasi 30 menit
• Papanicolaou
SENTRIFUGE
Teknik Apusan 🡪 Pull Apart
Cytocentrifugation/ Sedimen + NaCl 0.09% (1:1)
Cytospin
Wet
1000 rpm 5 menit
Fixation🡪
Papanicolaou
Dry
Fixation🡪
Giemsa
Principle
•to concentrate cells within a defined area
•a filter card between the chamber sample and the glass
slide resulting in cell to slide adhesion
Hydraulic force
Centrifugal force
Cytocentrifugation
⚫ Shandon cytocentrifuge I
⚫ Shandon cytocentrifuge II
⚫ Shandon cytocentrifuge IV
⚫ Wescor cytopro
⚫ Hettick cytocentrifuge
Teknik Apusan 🡪
SPREADING
Pap smear
Alkohol 96 % Papanicolaou
konvensional
collection of
samples Saline moistened
Ayre spatula cotton tip
applicator
Conventional smear
Liquid based
cytology
⚫ cytology (the study of cells) through a liquid
medium
⚫ Cells are collected from cervix(any other site)
are placed directly into liquid preservative,
rather than transferred to slide.
⚫ Sample is processed and resultant thin smear
easy to screen
⚫ Cellprep LBC system 🡪liquid based
cytology system that used blowing
technology.
⚫ Filtration and collection of vacum packed
cells on a membrane and transferring to
the coating slide.
Cell prep
Cell prep kit
2. Bales CE. Laboratory techniques. In. Koss LG. Koss’s diagnostic cytology
and its histopathologic bases. 5th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
2005. p. 1570- 1634.
5 . Orell SR, Veilh p. The techniques of FNA cytology. In. Orell SR, Sterret
GF. Fine needle aspiration cytology. 5th edition. Churchill Livingstone.
2011. p. 8-27.
Metode Pulasan Sitologi
Papanicolaou
Giemsa
Diff Quick
Papanicolaou Staining
(1832-1962)
⚫ Pewarnaan polikromatik
metaboliknya
principles
Prinsip Papanicolaou
Kromatin &
membran
inti 🡪 biru -
ungu
(1) Fixation
- 95% ethyl alcohol or in other substitutes
- minimum of 15 minutes
hydration
dehydration
clearing
Type of Age of dyes
No. Of slides
fixatives
in each dye
Moisture and
humidity
Regressive
or Factors affecting
progressive Pap staining
Length of
staining time
Presence or absence
Quality of cell of inflammatory cell
sample changes
Giemsa
1. Larutan Giemsa
Bahan 2. Larutan phosfat buffer
(ph 6,8)
3. Methanol
Prosedur Pewarnaan Giemsa
⚫ Includes:
Reagent 1: Fixative;
⚫ Reagent 2: Eosin;
⚫ Reagent 3: Methylene Blue
Prosedur Diff Quick
Note :
1. Terlalu biru – kurangi 1 celup di Reagent #3.
2. Terlalu merah – kurangi 1 celup di Reagent
#2.
3. Terlalu gelap kurangi 1 atau 2 celup di
Reagents #2 and #3.
4. Terlalu terang – tambahkan 1 atau 2 celup di
Reagents #2 and #3.
Minimal 3 celup di Reagent #2 and #3 .
RESUL
T
Expected Results
1. Erythrocytes: Pink tan with degrees of chromasia.
2. WBCs: Nuclei with bright, bluish-purple chromatin, light blue nucleoli.
3. Lymphocytes: Clear blue cytoplasm, red-purple granules may be present.
4. Monocytes: Mosaic of pink and blue cytoplasm, azure granules usually present.
5. Neutrophils: Light purplish-pinkish or lavender granules in cytoplasm.
6. Eosinophils: Bright red or reddish-orange granules in cytoplasm.
7. Basophils: Deep purple and violet-black granules in cytoplasm.
8. Platelets: Clearly demarcated red-purple granules in light blue cytoplasm.