Pengenalan Dosen Dalam Bidang Akademik H.A. Djadja Saefullah
Pengenalan Dosen Dalam Bidang Akademik H.A. Djadja Saefullah
PEMIKIRAN FILOSOFIS
Mengapa melakukan penelitian ?
TU HAN
MANUSIA BIASA
PENGAMATAN
PENGALAMAN
PENGETAHUAN
MENGAMATI
MEMBEDA-BEDAKAN / MEMILAH-MILAH
MEMILIH
MELAKUKAN PERCOBAAN
MENGEMBANGKAN
PROSES KNOWER – KNOWING - KNOWLEDGE
THE KNOWER
Kemampuan manusia untuk mengetahui, merasakan, dan mencapai
apa yang dirasakan – Berdasarkan pada kesadaran (consciousness)
KNOWING
Kegiatan berpikir atau nalar secara sadar – Apa yang dipikirkan
dengan menggunakan indera (pengalaman atau di luar indera
(gaib/metafisik) – Berpikir empirikal dan berpikir transdental
KNOWLEDGE
Pengetahuan yang diperoleh dari nalar – Berhubungan dengan
kepercayaan dari yang diketahui melalui sense of perception,
ingatan (memory) dan pengenalan obyek-obyek sebelumnya
OBYEK
SUBYEK PROSES MENGAMATI
INTELECTUAL ACTIVITY
KETERBATASAN PENGAMATAN
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SUBYEK OBYEK
MENGAMATI (YANG
(PENGAMAT)
DIAMATI)
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Keterbatasan Pengamatan
Bernard Phillips:
“Paradigms are set of assumptions, implicit or
explisit, about phenomena”
Thomas Khun:
A paradigm is made up general theoretical assumption and laws
and techniques for their application that the members of
particular scientific community adopt
A paradigm will always be suffently imprecise and open-ended
to leave of the kind of work be done
“The Structure of Scientific Revolution”
Menyangkut observasi dan perubahan pemikiran
Situasi dalam perubahan open ended
Pre-science characterized by total disagreement and constant
debate over fundamentals It is impossible to get to detailed,
esoteric work
Normal science involves detailed attempts to articulate a
paradigm with the aim of improving the match between it and
nature A normal scientist must be uncritical of the paradigm
in which he work
A scientific revolution crisis science corresponds to the
abandomment of one paradigm and the adoption of new one, not
by individual scientist only but by the relevant scientific
community as a whole A more and more individual scientists,
for a variety of reasons, are converted to the new paradigm….