06 WPS WelderQual Rev1

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam
CODE, STANDARD,
WELDING PROCEDURE &
WELDER QUALIFICATION
Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.S c.
DEFINISI
Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.
Standard adalah kumpulan dokumendokumen-dokumen berisikan

kode (codes), spesifikasi (specification), Saran aplikasi
(recommended practice), klasifikasi, dan petunjuk (guide)
yangtelah dipersiapkan oleh suatu institusi organisasi dan di
sahkan (approved) sesuai dengan prosedur yang ada
(berlaku).
Codes adalah suatu standard yang berisikan kondisi dan

persyaratan yangberhubungan dengan bidang khusus (a
particularly subject) dan mengindikasikan bahwa prosedur
ygdigunakan telah sesuai dengan persyaratannya. Codes ini
HARUS diikuti (mandatory) karena menyangkut
kepentingan umum yang merefer kepada kebijakan otoritas
pemerintahan. ((Codes
Codes is a body of laws arranged
systimatically for easy reference)
DEFINISI
Specification (spesifikasi) adalah suatu

standard yang berisikan penjelasan yang rinci
dan akurat tentang persyaratan teknis dari
material, produk, sistim atau jasa.
Contoh Kode :
Structural Welding CodeCode-Steel (AWS D1.1)
Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (ASME)
Welded Pipeline & Vessel (API)
Contoh Specification :
Filler Metal Specification (AWS A5.X)
Material & Consumable of Welding (ASME sec. IIC)
CONTOH APLIKASI
ASME Sec VIII
ASME
B31.3
AWS D1.1
CONTOH APLIKASI
API 6A Crismas Tree
/ Well Head
Refinery / Kilang/
Processing Plant
Pipe line penyalur
ASM E B31.8 Gas

API 1104 Oil
ASM E B31.1 Steam (Geotermal)
AWS Structural Welding Code
AWS
AWS
AWS
AWS
AWS
AWS
D l.1,
D l.2,
D l.3,
D l.4,
D l.5,
D l.6,
Structural Welding Code

CodeSteel
CodeAluminum
CodeSheet Steel
CodeReinforcing Steel
Bridge Welding Code
CodeStainless Steel
Welding Code Steel (AWS D.1.1)
ASME STANDARD
API - STANDARD
API 1104, Standard for Welding Pipeline

and Related Facilities
API 620, Recommended Rules for Design
and Construction of Large Welded LowLowPressure Storage Tanks
API 650, Standard for Welded Steel Tank
for Oil Storage
Persyaratan Dasar dalam Menentukan

Kualitas dalam Pengelasan
Standar Eropa dan Amerika

dalam mendukung Kualitas Lasan
ASME (American Society of Mechanical

Engineers)
EN (European Norm) / European Standard
AWS (American Welding Society )
ASME Standard untuk Welding
ASME Sec IX (Qualification Standard for

Welding and Brazing Procedure, Welder,
and Welding & Braze Operator.
ASME Sec II C Standard for Material and
Consumable of Welding.
STANDARD KUALITAS LAS dari ASME

Basic Construction Code / Standard :
ASME Sec I, ASME B31.1 , ASME B31.3
ASME Sec VIII Div I & 2
Examination and
Testing
ASM E V
Quality of
Welds
Welding Personnel
And Welding
Procedure
ASM E IX
Welding Material
ASM E II C
European Standard For Welding
EN 288 (Standard & Qualification Welding

Procedure)
EN 287 ( Standard & Qualification of
Welder)
EN 1418 ( Standard & Qualification of
Welding Operator )
STANDARD KUALITAS LAS dari EN
PROSEDUR LAS - EN 288
EN 288 - 1 . General rules fusion welding.

EN 288 - 2. WPS for Arc Welding
EN 288 - 3. Welding procedure test for Arc welding of
steel.
EN 288 - 4. Welding Procedure Test for Arc welding
of Aluminum and Its alloys
EN 288 - 5. Approval by using approved welding
consumables for arc welding
EN 288 - 6. Approval related to previous experience
EN 288 - 7. Approval by a standard welding procedure
for arc welding
EN 288 - 8. Approval by a prepre-production welding test.
KUALIFIKASI WELDER - EN 287
EN 287 - 1 . Approval testing of welders Fusion welding

part 1 : Steels.
EN 287 - 2. Approval testing of welders Fusion welding
part 2 : Aluminumand aluminumAlloys.
part 3 : Copper and Copper Alloys.
part 4 : Nickel and Nickels alloys
part 5 : Titaniumand Titanium, Zirconiumand Zirconium
alloys
EN 288 - 6. Approval related to previous experience
EN 288 - 7. Approval by a standard welding procedure for arc
welding
EN 288 - 8. Approval by a prepre-production welding test.
10
POSISI LAS - ASME IX
POSISI LAS - EN 288
11
POSISI LAS - AWS
Table 1 Examples of application codes and standards and related welding procedure and welder approval standards
Welding S tandard
Procedure
Welder
approval
approval
Application
Application
code/standard
Pressure
Vessels
B S 5500
ASME VIII
B S EN 288
ASME IX
B S EN 287
ASME IX
Process
Pipe-work
B S 2633
B S 4677
ANSI/ASME B 311
ANSI/ASME
B 31.3
B S 2971
B S EN 288 (Part 3)
B S EN 288 (Part 4)
ASME IX
ASME IX
B S EN 288 (Part 3)
(if required)
B S EN 287 (Part 1)
B S EN 287 (Part 2)
ASME IX
ASME IX
B S 4872/BS EN 287
S tructural
Fabrication
AWS D1.1
AWS D1.2
B S 5135
B S 8118
AWS D1.1
AWS D1.2
B S EN 288 (Part 3)
B S EN 288 (Part 4)
AWS D1.1
AWS D1.2
B S EN 287
B S EN 287
B S 4872
S torage
Tanks
B S 2654
B S 2594
API 620/650
B S EN 288 (Parts 3 & 4)

B S EN 288 (Parts 3 & 4)
ASME IX
B S EN 287
B S EN 287
ASME IX
12
pWPS
pWPS
Preliminary
Preliminary
W
ication
Welding
eldingProcedure
ProcedureSpecif
Specification
Welders
Welders approval
approval
WAR
WAR
Approval
Approvalof
ofwelding
weldingprocedure
procedure
Testwelding
Testwelding
Testing
Testing
Reporting
Repor ting
WPAR
WPAR
WPS
WPS
Approved
Approvedconsumables
consumables
Ex
Experience
perience
Required
Required
Approvals
Approvals
Available?
Available?
Standard
Standardprocedure
procedure
Pre-production
Pre-productiontests
tests
Yes
Yes
Welding
WeldingProcedure
ProcedureSpecification
Specification
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
13
Why a WPS
A weld cannot be checked to the full extent!
strength, ductility and corrosion resistance can
only be checked by destructive techniques.
properties can only be guaranteed for the
actual product when manufactured to
exactly the same written procedure,
and carefully controlled.
Why a WPS
The main objective of a
WPS is to make a
welding operation
reproducable
14
Methods of approval
welding procedure tests -
EN 288 part 3 or 4
approved welding consumables - EN 288 part 5

previous welding experience -
EN 288 part 6
standard welding procedure -
EN 288 part 7
pre-production welding tests -
EN 288 part 8
Acceptance criteria
Strength
according to parent metal
Impact requirements
(temperature, energy)
according to the design requirements
(and application standard)
15
EN 288 - ISO 9956

Specification and approval of welding procedures
for metallic materials
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
General rules for fusion welding

Welding procedure specification for arc welding
Welding proc. tests for the arc welding of steels
Welding proc. tests for the arc welding of
aluminium and its alloys
Part 5 Approval by using approved welding consumables
for arc welding
Part 6 Approval related to previous experience
Part 7 Appr. by a stardard welding proc. for arc welding
Part 8 Approval by pre-production welding test
Additional tests
Such tests may include:
longitudinal weld tensile test

all weld metal bend test
Charpy V-notch impact test
yield strength or 0,2 % proof stress
elongation
chemical analysis
micro examination
delta ferrite determination
in austenitic stainless steels
16
Material groups
The use of particular method of approval
of a WPS is often a mandatory requirement of an application standard.
In the absence of such a requirement the
method of approval shall be agreed between the contracting parties at the
enquiry or at the order stage.
Approval of WPS
Preliminary welding procedure
specification
( pWPS )
Approval on the pWPS by a method
acc. to EN 288 part 3/4, 5, 6, 7 or 8
Approved welding procedure
specification
( WPS )
17
Welding procedure tests

Tests shall be carried out in accordance
with this standard unless more severe
tests are specified by the relevant
application standard or contract

when these shall apply.
Welding procedure tests

All new
welding procedure approvals
are to be in accordance with this
standard from the date of its issue
(first issue april 1992)
18
Welders approval
The welder who undertakes the
welding procedure test satisfactory,
is approved for the appropriate
range of approval given in the
relevant part of EN 287
Re - testing
If the test piece fails to comply with any of the
requirements for visual examinaton or NDE,
one further test piece shall be welded
and subjected to the same examination.
If this additional test piece does not comply with
the relevant requirements, the pWPS shall be
regarded as not capable of complying with the
requirements of this standard without
modification.
19
Re - testing
If any test specimen fails to comply with the
relevant requirements only due to geometric
weld imperfections, two further test specimens shall be obtained for each one that failed.
These can be taken from the same test piece
if there is sufficient material available or from
a news test piece, and shall be subjected to the
same test.
Re - testing
If either of these additional test specimens
does not comply with the relevant requirements, the pWPS shall be regarded as
not capable of complying with the requirements of this standard without modification.
20
Range of approval
An approval of a WPS obtained by a
manufacturer is valid for welding in
workshops or sites under the same
technical and quality control of
that manufacturer.
Essential variables
Process: 111; 114; 131; 135; 136; 137; 141
Material: group 1, 9
(EN 288-3)
group 21, 22a, 22b (EN 288-4)
Parent metal thickness:
Size of fillet weld:
Pipe diameter:
3 - 40 mm
3 mm
> 25 mm
21
Approved welding consumables

Some material do not deteriorate significantly
in the heat affected zones, provided heat
inputs are kept within specified limits.
For such materials, a pWPS shall be considered approved on the condition that the
welding consumables are approved and that
all essential variables are within the range
for which the approval is valid
Previous experience
A manufacturer may have a pWPS approved by referring to previous experience on
condition that he can prove by appropiate documentation of an independant
nature that he has previously satisfactorily
welded the type of joint and materials in
question
22
Previous experience
Previous experience shall involve:
Satisfactory documentation of tests (e.g. nondestructive, destructive, leak or pressure
tests) in all cases.
AND
A summary of welding manufacturing of at
least one year during an appropriate period
(5 years)
OR
Suitability of welds in service for an appropriate period (5 years)
Standard welding procedure

A standard welding procedure shall be
issued as a specification in the format of
a WPS or WPAR based on an approval
to the relevant part of EN 288 for welding
procedure testing.
Application of a standard welding procedure is also subject to be satisfied by
the user.
23
Essential variables
Process: 111; 114; 131; 135; 136; 137; 141
Material: group 1, 9
(EN 288-3)
group 21, 22a, 22b (EN 288-4)
Parent metal thickness:
Size of fillet weld:
Pipe diameter:
3 - 40 mm
3 mm
> 25 mm
Standard welding procedure

The use of a standard welding
procedure requires welding coordination in accordance with EN 719.
The user has to fullfill quality requirements in accordance with the appropriate part of EN 729.
24
Pre - production welding tests

At least the following tests are to be
performed:
a) visual inspection (100 %)

b) surface crack detection
c) hardness tests (for Re 275 N/mm)
d) macrographic examination
Pre - production welding tests

Pre-production welding test are used where the
shape and dimension of standardized test pieces do not adequately represent the joint to be
welded.
One or more special test pieces shall be made
to simulate the production joint in all essential
features e.g. dimensions, restraint, heat sink
effects.
25
Content of a WPs
preparation of the components to be welded
assembling of components for welding
welding process
post work of the welded connections
(e.g.grinding)
heat treatment (during fabrication/finalizing)
Material groups
a procedure test with one steel of a group covers the lower alloyed steels of the same
group or the steels with equal or lower specified yield strength of this group
as long as the welding consumables used for
the test can also be used for the steels of this
group
group 2 covers group 1
26
WPAR
Welding Procedure Approval Record
(WPAR)
The welding procedure approval record WPAR)
is a statement of results of assessing each test
piece including re-tests.
It shall be signed by the examiner or test body
Pressure vessel
The welding procedure tests for pressure vessels
are detailed in the AD-Merkblatt HP 2/1.
Welding and testing must be witnessed by the
authorised Inspector.
The results of the procedure qualification testing
shall be available prior to the production.
The qualification is based on
EN 288-3
EN 288-4
27
Pressure vessel
Additional requirements are given for:
material groups
welding positions
amount of testing
approval requirements for testing
Production tests
The number of the test pieces and the type of destructive and non-destructive testing depends on:
type of joint (round seam, long seam)

design stress level of the welded joint
(85 %, 100 %)
the base material

number of shell rings
post heat treatment (U, W)
thickness of base material
28
Summary
Which possibilities of approval of welding
procedures are available ?
What are the limits of these possibilities ?
Which important essential variables are
included in the WPS ?
What type of test pieces are standard types
according to EN 288-3 ?
Which tests (non destructive or destructive)
are necessary for EN 288-3 ?
Summary
W h at a r e th e a cc e p t a n c e c rit er ia fo r the
w el de d jo in t o f th e p r o du c tio n te s t ?
W h at e a s e g iv e s th e g r ou p in g s ys tem fo r
st e e l a c c o r di ng to E N 2 8 8- 3 ?
W h at a r e th e ra n g e s o f ap p r o v a l for th ic k ne s s a n d d ia m ete r ?
W hic h c h a n ge s to E N 2 88 - 3 ar e m a d e in th e
G er m a n s t a n d ar d s a n d r e g ula tio n s ?
W ha t is th e s e n s e o f a p r o d u c t io n te s t ?
29
Production tests
The requirements of
production tests in the field of
steel structures
are given in guideline
DV S 170 2.
For aluminium and aluminium
alloys the DIBt guid eline is
app lica ble
Steel structures
B a se d o n th e re q u ir e m e n ts o f D I N 1 8 8 0 0 T e i l 7 ,
w e ld in g p ro c e d u r e t e st s fo r s te e l st ru c tu r e s a re
re q u ir e d if :
a)
f u lly m e c h a n iz e d p ro c e ss e s a re u s e d
b)
f in e g ra in s te e ls w ith a yie ld s tr e n g h t
2
( R e ) > 36 0 N/m m ar e u se d
W e ld in g a n d te s tin g h a s to b e p e rf o rm e d u n d e r t h e
w it n e ss o f a re p r e se n ta t ive o f t h e a c cre d e te d in sp e c t io n a u t h o ra t y f o r t h e c o m p re h e n sive f o rm o f v e rific a t io n .
30
Steel structures
F or the fully m ec hanized processes and for
fine grain steels with (Re) > 360 N/m m 2 ,the
requirements of E N 288-3 are applicabl e.
Exception s:
F illet w eld s are not covered by butt welds.
W elding and testing of fill et welds has to be d one in accordance w ith G uideline DV S 1702
(cruziform test).
Aluminium structures
Welding procedure tests for aluminium
structures must be performed in accordance with the guideline of the German
Institute of Structural Engineering (DIBt)
For butt welds the guideline is based on
EN 288-4
31
CONTOH TAHAPAN PROSES
Fabrication
of Pipes
Welding
Eng
WPS
Technology
turer
WPQR
Manufac
Material
Selection
Science
der
Operation
Requiremen
t
Wel
Standard
Welding Application
Inspection
Welding
Inspect
W ELDING AND JOINING
Project Eng
PENGELASAN PIPA
WELDING PROCEDURES
WPQR AND WPS
Kualifikasi P rosedur ( Procedure Q ualification)

Sebelum mengelas komponen (pipa atau lainnya) umumnya
prosedur pengelasan (welding p rocedure) harus d ibuat dan
dikualifikasi.
Dokumentasi ( Record)
Detail mengenai p rosedur haru s d idokumentasi (record) yang berisi
hasil lengkap tentang procedure qualification test.
Kualifikasi O perator Las (Qualification of Welders)

Setiap welde r atau operato r las ha rus d ikualifikasi menurut
prosedur baku sebelum melakukan pengelasan komponen (pipa
atau lainnya). Tujuannya adalah untuk menentukan kemampuan
operator las (welde r) dalam menghasilkan lasan yang baik tanpa
cacat dengan menggunakan p rosedur sebelumnya yang telah lulus
qualifikasi.
32
ISI WELDING PROSEDUR

WPQR AND WPS
Process Manual, Semi-or

automatic welding process
Pipe and Fitting Materia l API
5L or ASTM
Diameter and Wall Thickness
Joint Design
Filler Meta l and Number of Bed
The size and class ification
number of the filler metal and
minimum number and sequence
of bead
Time Between Passes Max

time between completion of the
root bed and start of the second
and other bed
Type and Remove of Lineup
Clamp
Cleaning and or Grinding
Electrical Characte ris tics The

range of voltage and amperage
Pre and Post-Heat Treatment

Methods, Temp. temp-control
methods
Shieldin g Gas and Flow Rate
Composition and range of f low
rate
Position Roll or fix

Direction of Weld ing Uphill or
downhill
Shielding Flux
Speed of T ravel in in ch per
minute
CONTOH PENGELASAN PIPA
NUMBER OF WELD METAL-LAYER
The number of we ld metal-layer (pass) in we lding of pipe depend o n

pipe wall thickness. Recommended number of layer as shown below.
Range of Pipe
Wall Thickness
Number
of Layers
Remark
Cross Section of Weld
3/8 to 5/8 in
5/8 to 7/8 in
3
2
1
7/8 to 1 1/8
in
4
3
2
1
1 = Rott pass
2 = Cover pass
1 = Root pass
2 = Hott pass
3 = Cover pass
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
Root pass
Hott pass
Filler pass
Cover pass
33
PIPE WELDING PROCEDURES

TYPE OF PASS
.
Filler Pass
3/16 Electrode
180 - 190 A DC +
Cover Pass
3/16 Electrode
160 - 190 A DC +
Base Metal
Hot Pass
5/32 Electrode
170 - 200 A DC +
Root/Stringer Bead
5/32 Electrode
135 - 175 A DC +
SPEED OF TRAVEL
Layer
Trav el Speed,
Cm/Minute
Root Pass
7.5 - 20
Hot Pass
7.5 - 20
Filler Pass
12.5 - 25
Cov er Pass
12.5 - 25
34
FILLER METAL
.
Filler Metal Group
Group
1
2
3
AWS
Specificatio
n
A5.1
E6010, E6011
A5.5
E7010, E7011
A5.5
AW S E6010 AND E6011

Electrode
Dia, In
Current
A
Votage,
Arc Volt
3/32
40 - 80
23 - 25
1/8
75 - 125
24 -
E8010, E8011
5/32
110 - 170
26
A5.1 or 5.5
E7015, E7016, E7018
3/16
140 - 215
24 - 26
A5.5
E8015, E8016, E8018
7/32
170 - 250
26 - 30
EL8, EL8K, EL12, EM5K
1/4
210 - 320
26 - 30
EM12K, EM13K, EM15K
5/16
275 - 425
28 - 34
A5.17
4
Electrode
28 - 34
PRE HEATING AND STRESS RELIEF
Preheating shall be performing when:

Carbon steel having a carbon content in
excess of 0.32 % (ladle analysis) or a
carbon equivalent (C + 1/4 ( Mn + Si ))
in excess of 0.65 % (ladle analysis).
Steel having lower carbon content or CE
when the welding procedure indicates
that chemical composition, ambient/or
metal temperature, material thickness
or
weld
geometry require
such
treatment to produce satisfactory welds
(Source ASME B31.8)
Preheating Method
Furnace Heat Treatment
Preheating Requirement Based on CE

CE
%
Preheating Reaquired
Up to 0.45
Preheat optional
0.45 to 0.60
Preheat to 93 - 205 deg C
Over 0.60
Preheat to 205 to 370 deg C
Preheating Requirement Based on C Content

C Content, %
Preheating Temperatur, oC
Induction Heating
Below 0.2
Torch Heating
0.20 - 0.30
93 - 150
Resistance Heating
0.30 - 0.45
150 - 260
Exothermal Heating
0.45 - 0.80
260 - 425
Up to 93
35
PRE HEATING AND STRESS RELIEFING

Stress - Reliefing
Equipment
To eliminat e or great ly reduce built

up stress caused by welding.
Electric induction
Required when
Fuel-fired ring burner
Electric resistance
Following a welding operation on a big

work piece (wall thickness >)
Fuel-fired torch
Temperature Controller
On that is likely to have large built up

stress in it,
Having
trouble
with
warping out of shape.
work-piece
Thermocouple pyrometer
Stress-Relief Time & Temperature for Carbon
Steel
Methods of Stress Relieving
Metal Temp.
oC
Heat the complete structure as a unit
Time per Inch of Section

Thickness, h
Heat a complete section containing the

weld to be stress relief
593
Heat a part of work by slowly heating a

circumferential band containing the
weld at the center.
565
538
Branch or other welded attachment
510
482
10
PIPE WELDING INSPECTION
METHODS OF INSPECTION
NDT
Visual
weld, at randomly by operators
Radiographic Testing
Magnetic Particle Testing
Liquid Penetrant Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
The method use d shall pr oduce
indications of defects that ca n be
accurately interpreted and evaluated.
Qualification of Inspection Personnel
Weldi ng i nspection personnel shall
be qualified by ex perie nce a nd
training
for
the
specified
inspection task they performed.
Radiographic testing
least by Level I
Percentages of each days fiel d butt
pe rformed at
Class 1 location, except offshore,

at least 10 %
Class 2 location, at least 15 %
Class 3, and class 4 l ocation, at
crossing
or
navigable
river,
offshore and rail road or public

highway right of way, includi ng
tunnels, bri dges a nd over head
road crossing, 100 %, unless
impracticable, at least 90 %.
Pipelines tie-in, 100 %
Only Level II or III personnel shall

interprete test results.
36
PIPE WELDING INSPECTION
BASIC CONCEPT
Preparation
Radiographic
Test
Interpretation
and Evaluation
Acceptanc
e
Yes
Welding is Perfect
No
Repair
Terima Kasih
37

06 WPS WelderQual Rev1

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

06 WPS WelderQual Rev1

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Standard adalah kumpulan dokumendokumen-dokumen berisikan

Codes adalah suatu standard yang berisikan kondisi dan

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Specification (spesifikasi) adalah suatu

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Pipe line penyalur

ASM E B31.8 Gas

AWS Structural Welding Code

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Structural Welding Code

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Welding Code Steel (AWS D.1.1)

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

API 1104, Standard for Welding Pipeline

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Persyaratan Dasar dalam Menentukan

Standar Eropa dan Amerika

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

ASME (American Society of Mechanical

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

ASME Standard untuk Welding

ASME Sec IX (Qualification Standard for

STANDARD KUALITAS LAS dari ASME

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

European Standard For Welding

EN 288 (Standard & Qualification Welding

STANDARD KUALITAS LAS dari EN

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

PROSEDUR LAS - EN 288

EN 288 - 1 . General rules fusion welding.

KUALIFIKASI WELDER - EN 287

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

EN 287 - 1 . Approval testing of welders Fusion welding

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

POSISI LAS - ASME IX

POSISI LAS - EN 288

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

POSISI LAS - AWS

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

B S EN 288 (Parts 3 & 4)

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

approved welding consumables - EN 288 part 5

standard welding procedure -

pre-production welding tests -

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

Kuliah Penyambungan Logam

EN 288 - ISO 9956

General rules for fusion welding

Dr. Ir. Winarto, M.Sc.

longitudinal weld tensile test