Riwayat Pendidikan
Riwayat Pekerjaan
• Gejala
• Faktor • Tes • Infeksi
risiko oportu-
• Konseling
nistik
• Populasi • Hasil tes
khusus • CST
• ARV
Mengapa
harus
efektif ?
Epidemiologi
• Jumlah penderita infeksi HIV-AIDS hingga Juni
2014 berjumlah : 142.961 (HIV), 55.623 (AIDS)
No Tahun Jumlah kasus Jumlah kasus
HIV AIDS
1 2010 21.591 6.907
2 2011 21.031 7.312
3 2012 21.511 8.747
4 2013 29.037 6.266
5 2014 15.534 1.700
Kemenkes RI 2014
Epidemiologi
• Jumlah penderita infeksi HIV yang dilaporkan
propinsi hingga Juni 2014
NO Propinsi 2013 2014 Jumlah
1 DKI Jakarta 5.865 2.796 31.586
2 Jawa Barat 3.041 1.851 12.049
3 Jawa Timur 3.391 1.957 18.210
4 Bali 1.690 992 9.051
5 Papua 3.974 1.599 15.686
Kemenkes RI 2014
Siapa yang diduga terinfeksi HIV?
TB ekstraparu (TB
TB paru
meningitis)
(RSHS Bdg 14%)
(Ganiem AR, Bdg 20%)
1 Kandidiasis oral 56
2 TB paru 45
3 Toksoplasmosis 18
4 Diare kronis 11
5 TB ekstra paru 9
Epidemi
terkonsentrasi
Epidemi Epidemi
rendah Prevalensi >5% meluas
di sub populasi
Prevalensi <5% tertentu Prevalensi >1%
di sub populasi di populasi
atau
tertentu umum/ibu hamil
<1% di populasi
umum/ibu hamil
Brief Situation Analysis
• Concentrated epidemic in most of country, but low-
level generalized epidemic in Papua (2006)
Jumlah AIDS menurut pekerjaan
NO Jenis pekerjaan Jumlah pasien
7 Supir 1127
8 Narapidana 359
Kemenkes RI 2014
Bagaimana mengetahui status HIV
seseorang dan cara menawarkan ?
Informasi tes,
edukasi &
persetujuan pasien
Konseling pasca-test
Prinsip dasar KT HIV : 5 C
Confidential
Consent Counseling
Assess Advise
(menilai) (menyarankan)
3TC
TDF or EFV
ABC*
Infeksi Oportunistik
Lifecycle
of
HIV-1
Joint Rapid Assessment: Findings and
Recommendations (cont’d)
• There is a need for further
strengthening the HIV care pathway
Enrollment in HIV 118343 – In 2005-2012 from those eligible for
care
ART (68%), only 73% started
treatment and 53% of those
Eligible for ART 80039 starting ART were still on treatment
at the end of the year; the
remaining died or were lost-to-
Ever received ART 58328 follow-up.
(strong recommendation)
When to start ART
• ART should be initiated in all individuals with
HIV regardless of WHO clinical stage or CD4
cell count in the following situations :
– Individual with HIV & active TB disease
– Individual coinfected with HIV and HBV
– Partners with HIV in serodiscordant couples
– All pregnant & breastfeeding women
What ART regimen to start
• First line ART should consist of 2NRTI+1NNRTI
– TDF + 3TC (or FTC) + EFV as a FDC
– If contraindicated or not available :
• AZT + 3TC + EFV (or NVP)
• TDF + 3TC (or FTC) + NVP
• Should discontinue d4T use in first line
regimen because of its well-recognized
metabolic toxicities
Monitoring ARV treatment
• Viral load is recommended as the preferred
monitoring approach to diagnose and confirm
ARV treatment failure
• If Viral load is not routinely available, CD4
count and clinical monitoring should be used
to diagnose treatment failure
Kasus 3
• Seorang penderita laki-laki, 26 tahun datang
ke poliklinik dengan keluhan :
– tidak dapat makan karena merasa nyeri bila
menelan makanan sejak 2 minggu yang lalu.
– Timbul bruntus-bruntus di sekitar mulut, tidak
nyeri.
– Ada riwayat BAB mencret hilang timbul dalam 1
bulan terakhir.
Kasus 3
• Penderita dikirim dari RS lain dengan diagnosis
suspek SLE, dan pernah mendapat obat
steroid ± 3 bulan.
+ Perawatan paliatif
& di rumah
+ PMTCT
Dukungan psikososial