Kunci keberhasilan
ventilasi mekanis
terletak pada
sinkronisasi
ventilator- pasien Observasi klinis dan
penyesuaian setting
ventilator penting
diketahui →
memperbaiki outcome
Asynchrony
• Synchrony memperbaiki:
• Ventilasi
• Eliminasi CO2
• Menurunkan episode-episode hipoksik
• Asynchrony menyebabkan masukan tidal volume
menjadi jelek → mengganggu pertukaran gas
• Ekshalasi aktif (ekshalasi sewaktu pernapasan
ventilator) meningkatkan resiko episode hipoksik
Empat tipe Asynchrony
• Ineffective triggering
• Auto-triggering
• Double triggering
• Delayed cycling
Patient - Ventilator Interaction
dV
Compliance =
dP
When to start a breath
(triggering)
C
Time triggering
Pressure triggering
Flow triggering
time
A
Napas sewaktu inspirasi
Gas delivery variables
Name of
Trigger
mode
Pressure Flow Volume Duration
AC (VC)
Time
or
Pressure
or
Flow
AC (PC)
Set
Variable,
Variable, 1. Square /
Set as depends on
AC (VC) depends on Ramp
Target set flow &
Time R, F, E, V 2. Peak flow
volume target
or rate
Pressure
or
Flow
Variable,
Set as Decelerating
AC (PC) depends on R, Set
Target (by default)
E
R = Resistance, F = Flow, E = Elastance, V = Volume
Napas sewaktu inspirasi
Gas delivery variables
Name of
Trigger
mode
Pressure Flow Volume Duration
Set
Variable,
Variable, 1. Square /
Set as depends on
AC (VC) depends on Ramp
Target set flow &
Time R, F, E, V 2. Peak flow
volume target
or rate
Pressure
or
Flow
Variable,
Set as Decelerating
AC (PC) depends on R, Set
Target (by default)
E
R = Resistance, F = Flow, E = Elastance, V = Volume
Bagaimana suatu pernapasan
diakhiri (I → E)
Pressure
AC (VC) Volume Volume or Time
(breath cuts off)
Volume
AC (PC) Pressure Time
(alarm only)
Volume
PSV Pressure Flow
(alarm only)
Asynchrony terjadi pada 10% dari seluruh napas ventilator pada 24% dari
pasien
(Total n = 62)
Comparison of the outcome between
and without a high prevalence of asyn
Asynchrony - Kapan?
20
Ineffective trigge
Auto-triggering
Paw
cmH2O Sec
1 2 3 4 5 6
.
V
Ineffective triggering
time (s)
20 x
48 x
airway pressure
drops
Ineffective triggering
Ineffective triggering
• Ineffective triggering pd 30 l/
min
• Peningkatan flow rate
• Diikuti peningkatan pd
expiratory time
Turunkan sedasinya!
Auto-triggering
• Frekwensi rendah
• Resp drive jelek
• Zero exp flow
• Tidak ada negative insp pressure dibawah
flow
• Bentuk gelombang berbeda pada pressure-
targetted breaths
Auto-triggering
Mengatasi auto-triggering
• Kebocoran circuit?
• Air pada circuit?
• Denyut jantung?
Penyebab:
• Batuk
• Tarik napas panjang (sigh)
• Inadequate flow delivery
Penanganan:
• Naikkan flow delivery
• Perpanjang inspiratory time
ventilator
Air hunger
Air hunger
Pressure Support termination = Expiratory
Trigger Sensitivity (cycling)
ETS 50 %
ETS 35 %
ETS 20 %
Time
PSV = 10 cmH2O