Oleh :
TESA INMERKA ALWI
NO BP : 1411012045
FAKULTAS FARMASI
UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
PADANG
2018
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan nikmat dan
skripsi ini yang berjudul “Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kitolod (Isotoma
Jantan”. Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan program
Penulisan skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari do’a, dorongan, semangat, dan
kasih sayang yang tak terhingga dari Ayah (Ali Lenwis), Ibu (Dia Kusuma Dewi),
Kakak (Wisdia Lola Erwinda), Abang (Yoggi Amigo Alwi dan Hadiatul Rahmad
P. Alwi), dan Adik (Dinda Aprilia Alwi). Rasa hormat dan terima kasih yang tulus
1. Ibu Dian Ayu Juwita, M. Farm, Apt sebagai pembimbing I yang telah
penulisan skripsi.
2. Bapak Prof. Dr. Helmi Arifin, MS, Apt sebagai pembimbing II yang telah
penulisan skripsi.
3. Ibu Rahmi Yosmar, M.Farm, Apt sebagai penasehat akademis yang telah
melaksanakan pendidikan.
4. Bapak dan Ibu Penguji yang telah bersedia memberikan saran dan
5. Bapak dan Ibu staf pengajar, Bapak dan Ibu analis laboratorium, dan
Rizki Ananda, dan Siska Putri Utami), gajee (Salmi Mardhiyah, Indah
Okta Peros, Adinda Putri, Rara Monisah, Puji Sri Haryati), orang dibalik
dan motivasi selama proses penelitian ini dan semua pihak yang tidak bisa
rahmat serta karunia-Nya kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulis,
Aamiin.
kekurangan dan kelemahan. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran dari pembaca sangat
diharapkan agar skripsi ini menjadi lebih baik lagi. Semoga skripsi ini dapat
Penulis
PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KITOLOD
(Isotoma longiflora L. Presl.) TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANALGETIK
PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN
ABSTRAK
ABSTRACT
Kitolod (Isotoma longiflora) is one of many plants that has been used as
traditional medicine. Based on the empirical experience in society, kitolod has
been proven as traditional medicine, such as to treating asthma, bronchitis, sore
throat (laryngitis), eye drugs¸ anti-inflammation and analgesic. Other chemical
ingredient that is contained in kitolod plant is alkaloid compound, such as lobelin,
lobelamin, isotomin. Kitolod leaves also contains alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid and
polyphenol. This research aims to prove the effect of ethanol extract from kitolod
leaves in white male mice and how much dose of ethanol extract from kitolod
leaves that will give the best analgesic activity. In this study, the tested mice is
divided into 6 groups (5 mice/group), which is negative control, positive control
(CMC sodium), comparison (mefenamic acid 65mg/Kg BW) and ethanol extract
from kitolod leaves with variant doses (1, 2, 4 gram/Kg BW). Mefenamic acid,
CMC sodium and ethanol extract were given for 15 days. Analgesic activity tested
in day 1, 5, 10 and 15 by giving acetic acid via intra peritoneal (i. p) as pain
inducing to all groups except negative control group. The observed parameter
were the amount of movement from the animals for about two-hour period.
Various doses (1g/Kg BW, 2g/KG BW, 4g/Kg BW) of the ethanol extract from
kitolod leaves has been proven beneficial as analgesic based on decreasing of
animal’s amount by 66,37%, 80,96% and 87,65% protection percentage
respectively. Concentration of ethanol extract from kitolod leaves (Isotoma
longiflora L. Presl.) that has the best analgesic activity is 4g/Kg BW dose, which
is the optimal dose. Likewise, 2 g/Kg BW dose has better analgesic activity
compared to mefenamic acid and 1g/Kg BW dose.
JUDUL............................................................................................................. i
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS DAN PENYERAHAN HAK CIPTA. ii
PENGESAHAN ............................................................................................. iii
PERTAHANAN SKRIPSI ........................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. v
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................. viii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xi
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... xiv
I. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................... 4
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 4
1.4 Hipotesis Penelitian ........................................................................ 4
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 5
II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 6
2.1 Tinjauan Kitolod ............................................................................ 6
2.1.1 Klasifikasi Tanaman ............................................................. 6
2.1.2 Kandungan Kimia dan Khasiat ............................................. 7
2.2 Nyeri .............................................................................................. 8
2.2.1 Fisiologi Nyeri ...................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Mekanisme Nyeri ................................................................. 9
2.2.3 Jenis Nyeri ............................................................................ 10
2.2.4 Mediator Nyeri ...................................................................... 11
2.2.5 Penanganan Nyeri .................................................................. 12
2.3 Analgetika ....................................................................................... 13
2.3.1 Analgetika Non-narkotik ........................................................ 13
2.3.2 Analgetika Narkotik ............................................................... 14
2.3.3 Metode Pengujian Efek Analgetik ......................................... 14
2.4 Asam Mefenamat ............................................................................ 16
2.4.1 Asam Mefenamat ................................................................... 16
2.4.2 Farmakologi Asam Mefenamat .............................................. 17
2.4.3 Farmakokinetika Asam Mefenamat ....................................... 18
2.5 Senyawa Alam yang Bersifat Analgetik ......................................... 19
2.6 Ekstraksi .......................................................................................... 20
5.1 Kesimpulan
ekstrak etanol daun kitolod (Isotoma longiflora L. Presl.) pada mencit putih jantan
yang memiliki aktivitas analgetik paling baik adalah dosis 4g/KgBB, dan
5.2 Saran
dalam daun kitolod (Isotoma longiflira L. Presl.), kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas
analgetik.
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