PROPOSAL PENELITIAN

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS PENGHAMBATAN ENZIM

TIROSINASE KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PARE
(Momordica charantia) DENGAN KOMBINASI
TRIETANOLAMIN DAN ASAM STEARAT
SEBAGAI EMULGATOR

Disusun oleh:
1. Aditya Nurfaqih 066116270
2. Daru Putra Pratama 066116283
3. Dhani Setiawan 066116282
4. Hesty Putri Intan Pratiwi 066118701
5. Lia Luviana 066116296
6. Olfi Firda Fitria 066116241
7. Riska Reza Juliani 066118701
8. Zyuliana Agustiyani 066118701

Dosen Pembimbing :
Ella Noorlaela, M.Farm., Apt

LABORATORIUM FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN
BOGOR
2019
 KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb

Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmat yang

dilimpahkan-Nya sehingga pada akhirnya penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal

penelitian ini dengan judul “Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Penghambatan Enzim

Tirosinase Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pare (Momordica charantia) dengan

Kombinasi Trietanolamin dan Asam Stearat sebagai Emulgator”.

Penulis membuat proposal penelitian ini untuk memenuhi tugas mata

kuliah Kosmetika Bahan Alam. Penulis menyadari atas keterbatasan kemampuan

dan pengetahuan yang dimiliki sehingga proposal penelitian ini masih terdapat

banyak kekurangan. Maka dari itu, penulis sangat membutuhkan kritik dan saran

demi perbaikan di masa yang akan datang. Akhirnya penulis berharap kiranya

proposal penelitian ini dapat disetujui dan diterima dalam memenuhi tugas mata

kuliah Kosmetika Bahan Alam.

Wassalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb.

Bogor, November 2019

Penulis

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL
KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................. vi
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Hipotesis............................................................................................. 3
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................. 4
2.1 Tanaman Daun Pare (Thymus vulgaris L.) ........................................ 4
2.1.1 Klasifikasi Tanaman.................................................................. 4
2.1.2 Morfologi Tanaman................................................................... 4
2.1.3 Kandungan Kimia...................................................................... 5
2.2 Kulit ................................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Definisi ..................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Struktur Kulit............................................................................. 6
2.2.3 Fungsi Kulit............................................................................... 7
2.2.4 Absorbsi Obat melalui Kulit...................................................... 8
2.3 Melanogenesis ................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 Hiperpigmentasi......................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Enzim Tirosinase....................................................................... 11
2.3.3 Inhibitor Tirosinase.................................................................... 12
2.4 Krim ................................................................................................... 13
2.4.1 Definisi Krim............................................................................. 13
2.4.2 Tipe Krim.................................................................................. 14
2.4.3 Formulasi Krim.......................................................................... 14
2.4.4 Cara Pembuatan Krim............................................................... 15
2.4.5 Stabilitas Fisik Krim.................................................................. 16
2.5 Preformulasi ....................................................................................... 18
2.5.1 Asam stearat.............................................................................. 18
2.5.2 Trietanolamin............................................................................. 18
2.5.3 Setil Alkohol.............................................................................. 18
2.5.4 Parafin Cair................................................................................ 19
2.5.5 Gliserin...................................................................................... 19
2.5.6 Metil Paraben............................................................................. 19

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 2.5.7 Propil Paraben............................................................................ 20
2.5.8 Aquadest.................................................................................... 20
BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN ......................................................... 21
3.1 Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................. 21
3.2 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................. 21
3.2.1 Alat ........................................................................................... 21
3.2.2 Bahan......................................................................................... 21
3.3 Metode Penelitian .............................................................................. 21
3.3.1 Pembuatan Simplisia................................................................. 21
3.3.2 Pembuatan Ekstrak ................................................................... 22
3.3.3 Penentuan Kadar Air................................................................. 22
3.3.4 Penentuan Kadar Abu ............................................................... 22
3.3.5 Identifikasi Fitokimia................................................................ 23
3.3.6 Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Daun Pare........................................... 24
3.3.7 Pembuatan Krim Ekstrak Daun Pare ........................................ 24
3.3.8 Evaluasi Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pare.................................. 27
3.3.9 Penentuan Aktivitas Penghambatan Tirosinase ........................ 30
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................ 31

iv
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pare ............................ 24

v
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Daun Pare ............................................................................... 4

Gambar 2. Struktur Kulit Manusia ........................................................ 6

Gambar 3. Proses Melanogenesis ............................................................ 10

Gambar 4. Skema Pembuatan Krim ....................................................... 26

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