ABSTRAK

Nama : Anindya Mutiara Sari

Program Studi : Farmasi
Judul : Uji Efektivitas Antidiare Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah
Kawista (Limonia acidissima L.) Pada Mencit Jantan
(Mus musculus) Yang Diinduksi Oleum ricini.

Salah satu tanaman yang biasa digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah tanaman
kawista (Limonia acidissima L.), yang diduga memiliki khasiat sebagai antidiare.
Kulit buah kawista memiliki kandungan kimia tanin dan flavonoid berpotensi
sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya efek
antidiare dari ekstrak metanol kulit buah kawista pada mencit jantan (Mus
musculus) dengan menggunakan metode proteksi diare yang diinduksi Oleum
ricini, meliputi mulai terjadinya diare, lama terjadinya diare, konsistensi feses,
frekuensi diare dan berat feses. Hasil analisis statistik dengan menggunakan uji
Tukey HSD menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan
Loperamid HCl 4mg/kgBB pada lama terjadinya diare, frekuensi diare, bobot
feses, dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada mulai terjadinya diare. Ekstrak kulit buah
kawista yang memiliki efek antidiare yang paling efektif adalah 200mg/kgBB.

Kata kunci :
Antidiare, Proteksi Diare, Kulit Buah Kawista, Oleum ricini.

ABSTRACT

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 Name : Anindya Mutiara Sari
Program Study : Farmasi
Tittle :Effectiveness Antidiarrhea of Kawista (Limonia
acidissima L.) Pericarp Methanol Extract in Male Mice
(Mus musculus) Induced by Oleum ricini.

One of the plants commonly used as traditional medicine is a kawista (Limonia

acidissima L.), which is thought to have properties as an antidiarrhea. Kawista
pericarp has the chemical content of tannins and flavonoids, potentially as an
antidiarrhea. This research aimed to determine whether there is an antidiarrhea
effect from methanol extract of the kawista pericarp (Limonia acidissima L.) in
male mice (Mus musculus) using protection by Oleum ricini method, Observation
include onset, duration, consistency, frecuency, and weight of the feces. The
results of statistical analyzed using the Tukey HSD test showed no significant
difference (P>0.05) with Loperamid HCl 4mg/kgBB when duration, frecuency,
weight of the feces, and significant difference (P<0.05) when onset of diarrhea.
Extract of the kawista pericarp which has the most effective antidiarrheal effect is
200mg/kgBB

Keywords :
Antidiarrhea, Diarrhea Protection, Kawista Pericarp, Oleum ricini.

DAFTAR ISI

ix
HALAMAN JUDUL ...............................................................................................i
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS .................................................ii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN NON PLAGIAT ..................................................iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...............................................................................iv
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................v
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI TUGAS AKHIR..........................vii
ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR ISI ...........................................................................................................x
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................xiv
DAFTAR RUMUS ................................................................................................ xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xvi
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................1
1.1.............................................................................................................Latar Belakang
.......................................................................................................................1
1.2..........................................................................................................Rumusan Masalah
.......................................................................................................................2
1.3...........................................................................................................Tujuan Penelitian
.......................................................................................................................2
1.4.........................................................................................................Manfaat Penelitian
.......................................................................................................................3
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.............................................................................4
2.1......................................................................................Tanaman Kawista (Limonia acidissima
.......................................................................................................................4
2.1.1. Deskripsi Tanaman..........................................................................5
2.1.2. Kandungan Senyawa Kimia............................................................7
2.1.3. Khasiat dan Manfaat.......................................................................7
2.2.................................................................................................................Simplisia
.......................................................................................................................7
2.3..................................................................................................................Ekstrak
.......................................................................................................................8

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 2.4.................................................................................................................Ekstraksi
.......................................................................................................................9
2.4.1. Ekstraksi .........................................................................................9
2.4.2. Metode Ekstraksi ............................................................................9
2.5....................................................................................................................Diare
..................................................................................................................... 11
2.5.1. Definisi ......................................................................................... 11
2.5.2. Patofisiologis Diare .......................................................................11
2.5.3. Klasifikasi Diare ............................................................................12
2.5.4. Penyebab Diare .............................................................................13
2.5.5. Pengobatan Diare ..........................................................................14
2.6.........................................................................................................Hewan Uji Mencit
......................................................................................................................15
2.6.1. Perlakuan pada hewan coba ..........................................................17
2.6.2. Penanganan Hewan Uji .................................................................17
2.7.......................................................................................................Metode Uji Antidiare
......................................................................................................................18
2.8.Loperamid HCl ............................................................................................19
2.9.Oleum ricini ................................................................................................20
BAB 3. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN..............................................................21
3.1........................................................................................................... Jenis Penelitian
......................................................................................................................21
3.2................................................................................................ Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian
......................................................................................................................21
3.3................................................................................................... Alat dan Bahan Penelitian
......................................................................................................................21
3.3.1. Alat Penelitian ...............................................................................21
3.3.2. Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................21
3.4................................................................................................................Hewan Uji
......................................................................................................................22
3.5..........................................................................................................Prinsip Percobaan
......................................................................................................................23

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 3.6.........................................................................................................Tahapan Penelitian
......................................................................................................................24
3.6.1. Determinasi Bahan Uji ..................................................................24
3.6.2. Pengajuan Etik Penelitian .............................................................24
3.6.3. Pengambilan Bahan dan Pembuatan Serbuk Kulit Buah Kawista
........................................................................................................24
3.6.4. Pembuatan Ekstrak Metanol Kulit Buah Kawista .........................25
3.6.5. Perhitungan Rendemen Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kawista ...................25
3.6.6. Pengujian Bebas Metanol Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kawista ............... 25
3.6.7. Penapisan Fitokimia Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kawista ........................26
3.6.8. Uji Efektivitas Antidiare Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kawista .................28
3.6.9. Pelaksanaan Uji Efektivitas Antidiare...........................................30
3.6.10. Analisis Data .................................................................................32
3.6.11. Tahapan Penelitian .......................................................................33
BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................................34
4.1.....................................................................................................Determinasi Tumbuhan
......................................................................................................................34
4.2............................................................................................Etik Penelitian (Ethical Clearance)
......................................................................................................................34
4.3.................................................................Hasil Pengambilan Bahan dan Pembuatan Serbuk Ku
......................................................................................................................34
4.4..............................................................................................Hasil Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kawista
......................................................................................................................35
4.5....................................................................................................Hasil Uji Bebas Metanol
......................................................................................................................35
4.6....................................................................................................Hasil Penapisan Fitokimia
......................................................................................................................36
4.7......................................................................................................Hasil Uji Pendahuluan
......................................................................................................................37
4.7.1. Penentuan Volume Induksi Oleum ricini...........................................37
4.7.2. Penentuan Dosis Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kawista ..................................38

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 4.8................................................................................................Hasil Uji Efektivitas Antidiare
......................................................................................................................41
BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................52
5.1...............................................................................................................Kesimpulan
......................................................................................................................52
5.2....................................................................................................................Saran
......................................................................................................................52
DAFTAR REFERENSI.........................................................................................53
LAMPIRAN ...........................................................................................................57

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1. Kelompok Perlakuan ............................................................................ 29

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Tabel 4.1. Hasil Penapisan Fitokimia .................................................................... 36
Tabel 4.2. Penentuan Volume Induksi Oleum ricini ............................................. 38
Tabel 4.3. Efektivitas Antidiare .............................................................................39
Tabel 4.4. Efektivitas Antidiare .............................................................................40
Tabel 4.5. Hasil Rata-rata Mulai Terjadinya Diare ................................................42
Tabel 4.6. Hasil Rata-rata Bobot Feses ................................................................. 44
Tabel 4.7. Hasil Rata-rata Total Frekuensi Diare .................................................. 45
Tabel 4.8. Hasil Rata-rata Lama Terjadinya Diare ................................................ 47
Tabel 4.9. Hasil Konsistensi Feses ........................................................................ 50

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Tanaman Kawista (Limonia acidissima L.) .......................................4

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Gambar 2.2. Hewan Uji Mencit (Mus musculus) ...................................................16
Gambar 2.3. Teknik Pegang Mencit ......................................................................17
Gambar 2.4. Rumus Bangun Loperamid Hidroklorida ..........................................19
Gambar 3.1. Skema Tahapan Penelitian ................................................................33
Gambar 4.1. Grafik Rata-rata Mulai Terjadinya Diare ..........................................43
Gambar 4.2. Grafik Rata-rata Bobot Feses ............................................................44
Gambar 4.3. Grafik Rata-rata Total Frekuensi Diare .............................................46
Gambar 4.4. Grafik Rata-rata Lama Terjadinya Diare ...........................................48
Gambar 4.5. Grafik Rata-rata Onset Kerja Obat ....................................................51

DAFTAR RUMUS

Rumus 3.1 Rumus Rendemen Ekstrak ................................................................... 25

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Rumus 3.2 Rumus Federer...................................................................................... 28
Rumus 3.3 Rumus Konversi dari Manusia ke Mencit............................................. 30

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Surat Izin Penelitian Laboratorium Fitokimia ISTN ....................... 57

xvi
Lampiran 2 Surat Izin Penelitian Laboratorium Farmakologi ISTN................... 58
Lampiran 3 Surat Keterangan Determinasi ........................................................ 59
Lampiran 4 Surat Keterangan Mencit ................................................................. 60
Lampiran 5 Surat Keterangan Ethical Clearance ............................................... 61
Lampiran 6 Perhitungan Rendemen Ekstrak ...................................................... 62
Lampiran 7 Uji Bebas Metanol dan Skrining Fitokimia ................................... 63
Lampiran 8 Gambar Alat, Bahan Penelitian dan Proses Penelitian .................... 67
Lampiran 9 Perhitungan Dosis ........................................................................... 69
Lampiran 10 Gambar Perlakuan Hewan Uji .........................................................73
Lampiran 11 Data Perlakuan Hewan Uji ..............................................................76
Lampiran 12 Data Statistik ....................................................................................84

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