ϕ Faktor reduksi
Ae Luas penampang efektif cm2
λ Kelangsingan balok
Faktor tekuk
Nu Gaya tekan kg
Ød Diameter baut cm
α = Alpha
β = Beta
γ = Gamma
ε = Epsilon
θ = Thēta
π = Pi
ρ = Rho
Σ = Sigma
φ = Phi
λ = Lamda
ψ = Psi
I = iota
τ = tau
= omega
σ = sigma