CHERNOBYL
FUKUSHIMA_JAPAN (TSUNAMI)
Definition :
KEPMENKES NO 008/MENKES/SK/I/2009
Adam 1. Cipto Mangunkusumo (SPECT/CT) Some hosp build
Malik 2. Pertamina (SPECT) construction in progress
and waiting operating
Hosp 3. Gatot Subroto (SPECT) license :
(SPECT) 4. Kanker Dharmais (SPECT/CT, 1. RS Adi Husada SBY
PET/CT) 2. RS Kandau Menado
3. RS Harapan Bunda
5. Jantung Harapan Kita (SPECT) Lampung
6. Gading Pluit (PET/CT) 4. RS. Bali Mandara
5. RS Mandaya Jakarta
7. MRC Cancer Center (SPECT, PET/CT) 6. RS Muwardi Solo
8. RS Abdi Waluyo (Cardiac Camera)
M Djamil
AWS Hospital
Hosp
(SPECT) and
(SPECT)
Karyadi Hosp PET-CT
(SPECT)
dr Soetomo Hosp
(SPECT)
Radiopharmaceutical
• Reactor (131I); Generator (99mTc, 68Ga, Lu177)
• Cyclotrone (18F, 11C)
Di Kedokteran Nuklir
Radioaktif yang di
gunakan di label
dengan farmaka
Farmaka sebagai zat
pembawa ke target
organ
Dapat digunakan
sebagai penegak
diagnosis dan juga
terapi.
Kedokteran nuklir
ALAT/INSTRUMEN KEDOKTERAN
NUKLIR
b. SPECT-
CT
1. Gamma
Camera c. PET
d. PET-
2. Dose Calibrator CT
3. Gamma
Counter
PRINSIP KERJA KAMERA
GAMMA
3 Komponen Utama dari kamera
gamma
▰ Skrining Penyakit
Jantung Koroner
▰ Deteksi sindrom koroner
akut
▰ Evaluasi pasca tindakan
jantung
▰ Studi viabilitas
Prosedur Pemeriksaan Jantung
20
Normal Myocardial Ischaemia at inferior and
Perfusion Scans infark at apex
VLA stress
VLA rest
SA stress
SA rest
HLA stress
HLA rest
Sidik Tulang (Bone Scan)
Deteksi penyebaran
kanker ke tulang
Mendeteksi adanya
sport injury
Mendeteksi adanya
peradangan di tulang
Nekrosis avaskular
Prosedur Pemeriksaan Bone Scan
2015 - ………
1 private
hospital
(Bandung)
will have
NM centre
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, Volume 73, Number 12, December 2006
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network , Volume 7 Supplement 2 , June 2009
P ositron E mmission To omography
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, Volume 73, Number 12, December 2006
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network , Volume 7 Supplement 2 , June 2009
The system detects pairs of gamma rays emitted indirectly by a
positron-emitting radionuclide (tracer), which is introduced into
the body on a biologically active molecule.
39
KEUNGGULAN PET VS SPECT
▰ Lebih sensitif
▰ Resolusi lebih baik
▰ Waktu akuisisi lebih cepat
▰ Molekul ukuran kecil
dimungkinkan dilabel dengan
radionuklida pemancar positron
40
Indikasi pemeriksaan PET :
Tumour Metabolism
•[F-18] FDG: glucose metabolism
•[F-18) FLT: DNA synthesis (proliferation)
•[C-11] Methionine: protein synthesis
•[F-18 )FET: protein synthesis
•[C]-11) Choline: membrane synthesis
•[C-11] Acetate: lipid synthesis
42
LANJUTAN …..
Tumour Environment
•[O-15] Water : tumour perfusion
•[F-18] MISO : hypoxia
Tumour characteristics
•[F-18]-Annexin : apoptosis
•[1-123]-Hypericin : necrosis
•[Ga-68] DOTATOC : somatostatin receptor
expression
43
PET-CT Scanner
11
C = > 11B 20 960keV
13
N => 13C 9 1.19 MeV
15
O = > 15N 2 1.72 MeV
Most positron emitters have high energy photons but short half-lives:
18
F = > 18O 110 640 keV
68
Ga = > 68Zn 68 1.89 MeV
82
Rb = > 82Kr 1.3 3.35 MeV
CT gives
morphological
information
Cancer :
Lung, Breast, Colorectal,
Lympoma, Melanoma, head and
neck, thyroid, Neuroendocrine
Treatment Evaluation
Using metabolic tracers such as FDG or tumor seeking
agent like Tc-99m Sestamibi
•Oncology
•Cardiology
•Neuropsychiatry
•Miscellaneous
PET-CT Thorax
CT PET FUSION
Follow up kemoterapi
SUV (standard uptake value)
Kepentingan SUV
• Menentukan lesi jinak atau ganas,
• Menilai respon terapi,
• Menilai agresivitas tumor.
:Sensitivitas = 90.1%
Specificitas = 97.4%