DAYA DUKUNG

PONDASI
Vienti Hadsari,S.T.,M.Eng.,MECRES,Ph.D
 • Daya dukung Terzaghi
• Daya dukung Meyerhoff

Content Bab ini akan membahas evaluasi terhadap daya

dukung ultimate (qult) pada pondasi.
Daya dukung Tanah harus mampu memikul beban dari
struktur di atasnya tanpa terjadinya kegagalan
pondasi geser. Penurunan yang terjadi harus berada
pada batas toleransi untuk struktur di atasnya.
 • Jenis kegagalan daya dukung
• Bearing capacity theory – Terzaghi
• Efek muka air tanah
• Bearing capacity theory – Meyerhoff
OUTLINES
 Pendahuluan
• Daya dukung tanah adalah tahanan geser tanah terhadap penurunan
akibat dari pembebanan oleh struktur di atasnya.
• Apa yang harus diperhatikan pada perancangan pondasi?
• Kriteria stabilitas
• Kriteria penurunan
 Pendahuluan
• Kriteria stabilitas
Faktor aman terhadap keruntuhan akibat terlampauinya daya
dukung tanah terpenuhi.

• Kriteria penurunan
Penurunan pada pondasi harus berada pada batas toleransi.
Kriteria ini dapat mengontrol kapasitas daya dukung yang diijinkan.
Ketika beban seragam (q) per unit area diletakkan pada pondasi,
pondasi tersebut akan mengalami penurunan.

Load per unit area

q

soil layer

Settlement
JENIS KEGAGALAN
GESER TANAH
• General shear failure
• Local shear failure
• Punching shear failure
GENERAL SHEAR FAILURE
 Start
q

soil layer – dense sand

 q Settlement

soil layer – dense sand

1
 q Settlement

soil layer – dense sand

1
2 2
 Settlement

Soil heaving
q

`
3 3
1
2 2

soil layer – dense sand

LOCAL SHEAR FAILURE
 Start
q

Soil layer – sand medium dense

 q Settlement

Soil layer – sand medium dense

 q Settlement

1
2 2

Soil layer – sand medium dense

 Soil heaving
q

3 3
1
2 2

Soil layer – sand medium dense

PUNCHING SHEAR FAILURE
 Start
q

Soil layer – loose sand

 q Settlement

Soil layer – loose sand

1
 Settlement

Soil layer – loose sand

1
• Vesic (1963) melakukan beberapa laboratory load-bearing testing
pada plate lingkaran dan persegi yang diletakkan di atas pasir, pada
bermacam-macam relative density (Dr).
• Apa itu Dr?
• Nilai Dr bermacam-macam, mulai dari 0% untuk loose state hingga
100% untuk dense state.
• The variations of qu(1)/(0.5B)
and qu/(0.5B) obtained from
those tests, where B is the
diameter of a circular plate or
width of a rectangular plate
and  is a dry unit weight of
sand
• For Dr ≥ about 70%, the
general shear type of failure
in soil occurs.
• On the basis of experimental results, Vesic
(1973) proposed a relationship for the mode
of bearing capacity failure of foundations
resting on sands.

• B = width of foundation
• L = length of foundation
• (Note: L is always greater than B)

• For square foundations, B = L;

• For circular foundations, B = L = diameter.
• For example:
• Df = 1 m
• B = 1.5 m
• L= 2 m
• Df = 60%

• B* = 2BL/(B+L) = 2*1.5*2/(1.5+2)
• B* = 1.71
• Df/B* = 1/1.71
• Df/B* = 0.58
BEARING CAPACITY THEORY -
TERZAGHI
• In 1921, Prandtl published the results of his study on the
penetration of hard bodies (such as metal punches) into a softer
material.
• Terzaghi (1943) extended the plastic failure theory of Prandtl to
evaluate the bearing capacity of soils for shallow strip footings
Terzaghi suggested that for a continuous, or strip, foundation, the
failure surface in soil at ultimate load may be assumed to be similar to:
• Foundations are generally placed on ground that is well compacted, and
hence the assumption of general shear failure is valid

• The effect of soil above the bottom of the foundation may also be
assumed to be replaced by an equivalent surcharge, q = .Df (where  is
the unit weight of soil above the foundation level).
• With the replacement of the soil above the bottom of the foundation by
an equivalent surcharge q, the shear resistance of the soil along the
failure surfaces GI and HJ was neglected.

• The angles CAD and ACD are assumed to be equal to the soil friction
angle, .
• The ultimate bearing capacity, qu, of the foundation now can be obtained by
considering the equilibrium of the triangular wedge ACD
• Considering a unit length of the foundation, we have for equilibrium:

• b = B/2
• W = weight of soil wedge ACD 5 .b2 tan  ‘
• C = cohesive force acting along each face, AD and CD, that is equal to the unit
cohesion times the length of each face = c’b/(cos  ‘)
• The passive force Pp is the sum of the contribution of the weight of soil ,
cohesion c’, and surcharge q.

+ +
 (1)

(2)

Combining (1) and (2)

where:
• To estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of square and circular foundations
Examples
• A 2.0 m wide strip foundation is placed at a depth of 1.5 m within a sandy clay,
where c’ = 10 kN/m2,  ‘ = 26°, and  = 19.0 kN/m3. Determine the maximum
wall load that can be allowed on the foundation with a factor of safety of 3,
assuming general shear failure.

• B=2m
• Df = 1.5 m

• c’ = 10 kN/m2,  ‘ = 26°, and  = 19.0 kN/m3

• SF = 3
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity •
•
B=2m
Df = 1.5 m
Theory
• c’ = 10 kN/m2
•  ‘ = 26°
•  = 19.0 kN/m3

• SF = 3

q = Df*
qall = qu/SF

Q(load) = qall*B
Examples
• A design requires placing a square foundation at 1.0 m depth to carry a column
load of 1500 kN. The soil properties are: c’ = 15 kN/m2,  ‘ = 24 °, and  = 18.5
kN/m3.
• What should be the width B of the foundation?(SF = 3)

• Df = 1 m
• Q = 1500 kN

• c’ = 15 kN/m2,  ‘ = 24°, and  = 18.5 kN/m3

• SF = 3
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity •
•
Df = 1 m
Q = 1500 kN
Theory
• c’ = 15 kN/m2,  ‘ = 24°,
and  = 18.5 kN/m3
• SF = 3

q = Df*
qu equation with variable of B

Q(load) = qall*B^2
qall = Q / B^2
Q / B^2 = qu eq. (variable B)
 left side right side
B deviation
1500/B^2 17.5B+222.1
1 1500 239.6 1260.4
2 375 257.1 117.9
3 166.667 274.6 -107.933
4 93.75 292.1 -198.35

left side right side

B deviation
1500/B^2 17.5B+222.1
2 375.00 257.10 117.90
2.1 340.14 258.85 81.29
2.2 309.92 260.60 49.32
2.3 283.55 262.35 21.20
2.4 260.42 264.10 -3.68
2.5 240.00 265.85 -25.85
EFEK MUKA AIR TANAH (M.A.T)
• Case I.
• If the water table is located so
that 0 ≤ D1 ≤ Df
• Case II.
• If the water table is located so that
0≤d≤B
• the factor  in the last term of the
bearing capacity equations must be
replaced by the weighted average
value of the effective unit weight
within B below the foundation,
which is given by
• Case III.
• When the water table is located so
that d ≥ B, the water will have no
effect on the ultimate bearing
capacity.
 Examples
• A 2.0 m wide strip foundation is placed at a depth of 1.5 m within a sandy clay,
where c’ = 10 kN/m2,  ‘ = 26°, and  = 19.0 kN/m3. Determine the maximum
wall load that can be allowed on the foundation with a factor of safety of 3,
assuming general shear failure.
• GWT = 2.5 m below the surface, sat = 19.6 kN/m3

• B=2m
• Df = 1.5 m
Df • d = 2.5 m – Df = 2.5 – 1.5 = 1 m
2.5 m • d≤B
B
d
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity •
•
B=2m
Df = 1.5 m
Theory
• c’ = 10 kN/m2
•  ‘ = 26°
• ҧ 14.3 kN/m3
𝛾=

• SF = 3

q = Df*
qall = qu/SF

Q(load) = qall*B
BEARING CAPACITY THEORY -
MEYERHOFF
• All of he ultimate bearing capacity equations before are for continuous, square, and
circular foundations only; they do not address the case of rectangular foundations (0 <
B/L < 1).
• the equations do not take into account the shearing resistance along the failure
surface in soil above the bottom of the foundation
• The load on the foundation may be inclined.

• To account for all these shortcomings, Meyerhof (1963) suggested the following form of
the general bearing capacity equation:
Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors

DeBeer (1970)
Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors
Depth

Hansen (1970)
Shape, Depth, and Inclination Factors

Meyerhof (1963);
Hanna and Meyerhof (1981)
Examples
• A square column foundation is to be constructed on a sand deposit. The
allowable load Q will be inclined at an angle  = 20° with the vertical.  ‘ = 30°, c’
= 0 kN/m2. Determine Q. Use FS = 3.
• c’ = 0 kN/m2

q = Df*
Bearing Capacity Factors
Shape Factors

Square foundation, B=L

 ‘ = 30°
Depth Factors
Df = 0.7 m, B = 1.25 m
Df/B ≤ 1
Inclination Factors

 = 20°
 ‘ = 30°
• Nq, N
• Shape Factors
• Depth Factors
• Inclination Factors