Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, Jln. Raya Tlekung No.1 Junrejo, Batu, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 65327
E-mail: titistyasgusti@pertanian.go.id
ABSTRAK. Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) dan penambahan bahan organik ke dalam LRB dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia,
dan biologi tanah pada jangka panjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh jumlah LRB dan jenis bahan organik
pengisi LRB terhadap kapasitas penyimpanan air di daerah perakaran tanaman jeruk keprok dewasa di lahan kering dan pengaruhnya
terhadap kualitas buah. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan faktor yang diujikan adalah kombinasi
jumlah LRB dan bahan pengisi LRB. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan jumlah LRB, baik 4, 5, maupun 6 lubang
dan bahan pengisi baik cocopeat maupun zeolit meningkatkan lengas tanah di daerah perakaran tanaman jeruk pada bulan kering.
Penambahan cocopeat, zeolit, atau pupuk kandang ke dalam LRB meningkatkan kandungan jus. Perlakuan bahan pengisi serasah
pada LRB dan tanpa LRB meningkatkan kandungan padatan terlarut total (PTT), sedangkan penambahan zeolit dan serasah serta
perlakuan tanpa LRB meningkatkan kandungan asam tertitrasi total (ATT). Kadar air pada daerah perakaran yang tinggi menyebabkan
peningkatan kandungan jus, serta penurunan kandungan PTT dan ATT pada buah jeruk keprok. Pembuatan LRB pada awal musim
hujan dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya menabung air hujan sehingga dapat menghindarkan tanaman dari pengaruh negatif defisit air
pada musim kering.
Kata kunci: Air; Buah jeruk keprok; Kualitas; Lubang resapan biopori; Rizosfer
ABSTRACT. Biopore Infiltration Holes (BIH) and addition of organic matters to the BIH can improve the physical, chemical, and
biological properties of the soil. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of BIH and type of BIH filler on water storage
capacity in the rhizosphere of mature mandarin plants on dry land and their effect on fruit quality. The study employed a randomized
block design with the tested factors of combination of BIH number and BIH filler material. The results showed that either 4, 5 or
6 holes BIH and fillers of both cocopeat and zeolite increased the soil water content in the rhizosphere in the dry months. Adding
cocopeat, zeolite, or manure into BIH increased the juice content. Weeds as fillers and treatment without BIH increased the total
soluble solids (TSS), while addition of zeolite and weeds and treatment without BIH increased the total acid (TA). High water content
in the rhizosphere caused an increase in juice content, but a decrease in TSS and TA. Making BIH at the beginning of rainy season
is an effort to save rainwater so that it can prevent plants from the negative influence of water deficit in the dry season.
Pengembangan jeruk di Indonesia diprioritaskan di Tanaman jeruk sangat sensitif terhadap defisit
lahan-lahan marginal, termasuk lahan kering. Di lahan irigasi, terutama pada tahap pembungaan dan
ini, keterbatasan air dan kesuburan tanah merupakan pembuahan tanaman (González-Altozano & Castel
masalah utama yang sering membatasi mutu dan 1999; Pérez-Pérez et al. 2008). Pada tanaman yang
keberlanjutan kebun. Kekurangan air akan menjadi belum menghasilkan (TBM), kekurangan air dapat
masalah yang semakin serius sejalan dengan fenomena menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman, sedangkan pada
perubahan iklim yang semakin ekstrim. Pada tahun tanaman yang menghasilkan (TM) dapat menyebabkan
2015, fenomena El Nino kuat yang berdampak pada kerontokan bunga dan buah, serta menurunkan
musim kering berupa penurunan curah hujan di bawah produksi dan kualitas buah (García-Tejero et al.
normal dan suhu udara yang lebih tinggi (Athoillah, 2010). Fase pertumbuhan buah dan tahap pembungaan
Sibarani & Doloksaribu 2017) menjadi salah satu adalah periode yang paling sensitif dalam kaitannya
ancaman bagi pengembangan dan keberlanjutan kebun dengan defisit air dan kehilangan hasil. Ketika fase
jeruk di lahan kering. Terdapat lebih dari 30% populasi pertumbuhan buah, stres air dapat menurunkan
tanaman jeruk varietas keprok Madura di kawasan diameter buah dan kandungan sari buah jeruk (García-
pengembangan baru di Kabupaten Tuban mengalami Tejero et al. 2012). Defisit air juga menyebabkan
kerusakan hingga kematian akibat musim kemarau peningkatan kandungan vitamin C dan antosianin
yang lebih panjang. dalam buah jeruk manis (Stagno et al. 2015).
41
J. Hort. Vol. 30 No. 1, Juni 2020 : 41-46
Air merupakan faktor yang sangat penting bagi Kecamatan Singgahan, Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur.
pertumbuhan tanaman. Pengelolaan air yang efektif dan Analisis kualitas buah dilakukan di Laboratorium
efisien merupakan kebutuhan dasar dalam pengelolaan Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah
kebun jeruk di lahan kering. Upaya menabung air Subtropika, Batu, Jawa Timur.
hujan dan memanfaatkan air yang tersedia menjadi
kunci penting yang akan menentukan keberhasilan Bahan dan Alat Penelitian
pengembangan jeruk di lahan kering. Salah satu cara Tanaman jeruk yang diberi perlakuan biopori adalah
menabung air hujan dapat dilakukan melalui teknologi jeruk keprok varietas Madura yang telah memasuki
biopori. Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) adalah lubang fase generatif, berumur 6 tahun. Keprok Madura
silindris yang dibuat secara vertikal ke dalam tanah dipilih untuk ditanam di kawasan pengembangan jeruk
dengan diameter 10–30 cm dan kedalaman sekitar baru di Kabupaten Tuban karena dapat beradaptasi di
100 cm atau tidak melebihi kedalaman muka air dataran rendah beriklim kering dan berpotensi menjadi
tanah (Karuniastuti 2014). Manfaat LRB antara lain komoditas jeruk substitusi impor. Bahan pengisi LRB
dapat meningkatkan daya resap air, meningkatkan terdiri atas zeolit, cocopeat, serasah gulma, dan pupuk
kualitas air tanah, sebagai tempat pembuangan sampah kandang. Pemupukan dilakukan dengan menggunakan
organik, mengubah sampah organik menjadi kompos, pupuk kandang dan pupuk kimia. Pupuk kandang sapi
meningkatkan peran aktivitas fauna tanah dan akar dengan jumlah 50 kg/pohon diaplikasikan pada akhir
tanaman, mencegah banjir, dan mengatasi masalah musim kemarau pada tahun sebelumnya, yaitu bulan
yang ditimbulkan oleh genangan air (Sanitya & November 2015. Pupuk kimia diaplikasikan pada bulan
Burhanudin 2013; Karuniastuti 2014). Desember 2015, Maret 2016, dan Mei 2016 dengan
Secara umum, pembuatan LRB akan berujung pada dosis 225 g N, 108 g P2O5, dan 60 g K2O per pohon,
peningkatan kualitas tanah. Penambahan bahan organik masing-masing dalam bentuk Urea, SP36, dan KCl per
ke dalam LRB dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, pohon pada masing-masing aplikasi. Pupuk kandang
dan biologi tanah. Menurut Maharany, Rauf, & Sabrina diaplikasikan dengan cara membuat larikan pupuk
(2011), penambahan bahan organik pada LRB di lahan sedalam 20 cm melingkar di bagian terluar kanopi
landai mampu meningkatkan permeabilitas lahan. tanaman, sedangkan pupuk kimia diaplikasikan dengan
Berbagai bahan organik telah diteliti sebagai bahan cara membuat empat lubang pupuk dengan diameter 30
pengisi LRB, di antaranya serasah daun kakao, limbah cm sedalam 20 cm di bagian terluar kanopi tanaman.
kulit buah kakao, sampah daun dan ranting kering, Pestisida berbahan aktif imidakloprid dengan
sampah organik rumah tangga, rumput atau tanaman konsentrasi 1 ml/L dan fungisida berbahan aktif
liar, pupuk kompos, dan kotoran ternak (Widyastuti propineb dengan konsentrasi 2 g/L diaplikasikan
2013; Darwia, Ichwana & Mustafril 2017; Muzaimah, pada saat pertunasan dengan interval penyemprotan
Abdi & Razie 2017; Nurhayati, Fahri & Annawaty 2 minggu sekali. Pestisida berbahan aktif sipermetrin
2017; Maharany, Rauf & Sabrina 2011). dengan konsentrasi 2 ml/L diaplikasikan 2 minggu
Adanya LRB dengan berbagai bahan pengisi sekali pada saat perkembangan buah dan jika
diharapkan mampu meningkatkan daya memegang ditemukan ulat pada tanaman.
air pada tanah sehingga dapat memperpanjang masa Alat yang digunakan adalah bor tanah berdiameter
ketersediaan air, terutama di lahan kering. Penelitian 10 cm dan panjang 100 cm, peralatan pertanian, dan
ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengujian jumlah peralatan laboratorium untuk uji kualitas buah.
LRB dan jenis bahan organik pengisi LRB terhadap
kapasitas penyimpanan air di daerah rizosfer tanaman Metode Penelitian
jeruk keprok dewasa dan pengujian pengaruh kadar Penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan Rancangan
air tanah terhadap kualitas buah jeruk di lahan kering Acak Kelompok dengan faktor yang diujikan adalah
di Kabupaten Tuban. Hipotesis pada penelitian ini LRB. Perlakuan terdiri atas 13 taraf dan masing-
adalah jumlah LRB dan bahan pengisi tertentu dapat masing diulang empat kali. Perlakuan yang diujikan,
meningkatkan kapasitas penyimpanan air tanah dan yaitu (1) 4 LRB dengan bahan pengisi serasah gulma,
berpengaruh pada kualitas buah. (2) 5 LRB dengan bahan pengisi serasah gulma, (3) 6
LRB dengan bahan pengisi serasah gulma, (4) 4 LRB
dengan bahan pengisi pupuk kandang, (5) 5 LRB
dengan bahan pengisi pupuk kandang, (6) 6 LRB
BAHAN DAN METODE
dengan bahan pengisi pupuk kandang, (7) 4 LRB
dengan bahan pengisi cocopeat, (8) 5 LRB dengan
Waktu dan Tempat bahan pengisi cocopeat, (9) 6 LRB dengan bahan
Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari hingga pengisi cocopeat, (10) 4 LRB dengan bahan pengisi
Desember 2016 di kebun petani di Desa Mulyorejo, zeolit, (11) 5 LRB dengan bahan pengisi zeolit, (12)
42
Analisa Penerapan Resapan Biopori Pada Kawasan
Rawan Banjir Di Kecamatan Telaga Biru
e-mail : zulkiflihulalata@gmail.com
Abstract
Surface Runoff occurs due to high rainfall that falls in an area that is able to caused
flooding. Infiltration Biopori Technology serves to reduce storm water runoff is to increase
the water absorbing soil thus reducing surface runoff that often causes floods. This
research aim was to get the value of infiltration without biopori infiltration and infiltration
with infiltration biopori, as well as obtaining the presentation of discharge runoff can be
reduced by 1 piece infiltration biopori on a plot of land with an area of 100 m2. The
research methods used quantitative methods. Primary data obtained from testing on-site
infiltration studies used Single Tool Infiltrometer Ring with a diameter of 25 cm, were
analyzed used the method of Horton Curve. Secondary data, precipitation last 10 years
from the year 2006 to 2015 obtained from BMKG Djalaludin Gorontalo Airport consists of
three stations that BPP-Tapa, Talumelito, Slamet Djalaludin Gorontalo, then analyzed used
rational methods to obtain discharge of the runoff. Analysis of the results obtained,
infiltration without absorption biopori was 4.5 cm / hour, once created biopori infiltration
infiltration rate rose to 38.1 cm / hour, and 1 absorption biopori on a plot of land with an
area of 100 m2 can reduce runoff discharge at 10.82%
1. PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang
Limpasan permukaan merupakan air larian yang muncul diakibatkan oleh
tingginya curah hujan yang jatuh pada suatu kawasan, buruknya sistem
drainase dan kurangnya daerah resapan air memperparah limpasan yang terjadi
sehingga dapat menyebabkan banjir. Selain masalah limpasan permukaan,
kekurangan air di musim kemarau juga merupakan masalah yang sering timbul
pada kawasan rawan banjir. Teknik konservasi terhadap sumber daya air
kurang mendapat perhatian bahkan penebangan pohon dan pengrusakan hutan
terjadi semakin tidak terkendali diberbagai tempat. Hal ini mengakibatkan
terganggunya siklus hidrologi yang memberi dampak negatif terhadap
33
lingkungan seperti berkurangnya persediaan air dalam tanah dan meningkatnya
pergerakan air dari hulu ke hilir sehingga pada musim hujan dengan intensitas
tinggi di daerah hilir akan rawan terjadi banjir.
Resapan Biopori merupakan teknologi tepat guna dan ramah lingkungan
untuk mengatasi banjir yaitu dengan meningkatkan daya resap tanah pada air
sehingga mengurangi limpasan permukaan dan genangan air yang timbul
selama dan setelah hujan. Bertambahnya air yang meresap kedalam tanah
dapat meningkatkan kuantitas air dalam tanah sehingga walaupun musim
kemarau kebutuhan akan air sedikitnya dapat terpenuhi.
Berangkat dari pembahasan masalah diatas maka dilakukan penelitian
tentang penerapan Resapan Biopori, dengan focus riset untuk mendapatkan
nilai laju infiltrasi tanah tanpa resapan biopori dan dengan resapan biopori pada
kawasan rawan banjir dikecamatan telaga biru untuk penerapan lubang resapan
biopori, kemudian mendapatkan presentasi debit limpasan yang dapat direduksi
oleh 1 buah resapan biopori pada sebidang tanah dengan luasan 100 m 2.
Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini akan menjadi salah satu solusi penanggulangan
banjir di kawasan rawan banjir di Kecamatan Telaga Biru dan dapat menjadi
referensi dalam perencanaan resapan biopori.
2. KAJIAN TEORI
2.1. Resapan Biopori
Lubang Resapan Biopori adalah lubang silindris yang dibuat secara vertikal
ke dalam tanah dengan diameter 10 cm dan kedalaman sekitar 100 cm, atau
dalam kasus tanah dengan permukaan air tanah dangkal, tidak sampai melebihi
muka air tanah, lubang diisi dengan sampah organik untuk memicu
terbentuknya Biopori
Biopori adalah lubang-lubang di dalam tanah yang terbentuk akibat
berbagai aktifitas organisme di dalamnnya, seperti cacing, perakaran tanaman,
rayap dan fauna tanah lainnya. Lubang-lubang yang terbentuk akan terisi
udara, dan akan menjadi tempat berlalunya air di dalam tanah.
Gambar 1 : Foto Mikroskop Elektron dari Lubang Cacing dan Akar pada Matriks
Tanah (dalam lingkaran kuning),
(Sumber : http://www.biopori.com/index.php)
34
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 12, Issue 2 Ver. II (February. 2018), PP 77-82
www.iosrjournals.org
Abstract: The problem of waste in the city of Medan is a problem that can not be handled thoroughly. Garbage clogging
drainage channels causes flooding in the rainy season. In addition, the less water absorption area due to many home pages
and roads are made waterproof so that became the main trigger of flooding, especially in the rainy season. One way of
waste management, especially for organic waste is the technology of biopori infiltration hole (LRB), has been known to
accelerate the infiltration of water by utilizing organic waste. Some of the advantages of LRB are improving soil ecosystems,
absorbing water and preventing floods, increasing groundwater reserves, and overcoming drought, facilitating waste
management and maintaining cleanliness, converting waste into compost, reducing greenhouse gas and methane emissions,
and overcoming the problem of inundation. This devotional activity uses LRB technology, so that greater water absorption is
given the addition of biochar at the bottom, so that water absorption becomes more stable over long periods of time because
biochar is not easy to decay and durable. Socialization of devotional activities using training methods, training,
demonstration manufacture of demonstration demonstration plots, as well as organic waste processing practices in LRB on
the partners of Part I community groups VI of Karya Kasih sub-district of Mashur Base Sub-district of Medan Johor and
partner II of Datuk Kabu neighborhood of Trail Sub-district, Medan Trail District prone to flooding as pilot. The result of
the devotion activity has been witnessed by the residents in both Partners that their formerly flooded homes, after the LRB
water technology inundated rapidly, besides that. Organi composted in LRB can be used as compost fertilizer. The output of
this activity is technology appropriate to make biochar-based LRB, and the ability to process household organic waste into a
valuable compost fertilizer
Keywords: Flood, garbage, LRB (Biopori infiltration hole), biochar, Medan City
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Date of Submission:03-02-2018 Date of acceptance: 26-02-2018
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I. INTRODUCTION
Medan city is flood-prone area, because it is lowland, flat (flat), height of 2.5-40 meters from sea level (asl) and
slope 0-4%. In addition, the city of Medan is traversed by the river Deli, the river that divides the city of Medan, and several
other rivers such as the Babura river, Belawan River, Percut river, Glance river and other small rivers that if not managed
very well susceptible to flooding (JICA , 1992, Medan City Government of Medan II, 2000) .Then the intensity and
frequency of rainfall in Medan city is also very high so it can cause flood 10 to 12 times a year (Hasibuan, 2007). Flood
Disasters in Medan City mostly occur along the Deli River. According to Hutapea (2013) about 33.2% of the Deli River area
has very high runoff and very low water storage, increasing runoff will decrease groundwater filling and result in increased
river flow discharge during the rainy season drastic and this condition is one of the factors causing the flood in Medan City.
In addition, with the development of existing settlements in the city of Medan, the more land is covered by buildings, so that
the rainwater absorbed into the soil less and less.
Biopore absorption hole technology (LRB) has been known to accelerate water absorption by utilizing organic
waste. In use, LRB which is a cylindrical hole 10 cm in diameter with a depth of about 100 cm from the surface of the soil,
filled with organic waste as the activator of the creation of biopori . According to Brata and Nelistya (2009) the benefits of
LRB are to improve soil ecosystems, absorb water and prevent floods, increase groundwater reserves, overcome drought,
facilitate waste management and maintain cleanliness, convert waste into compost, reduce greenhouse gas and methane
emissions, as well as overcoming the problem due to inundation. By modifying the biochar-based Biopori Absorption (LRB)
technology the water absorption rate is greater, since one of the materials that has a large water-absorbing capacity is
biochar. Biochar is a pyrolysis-shaped residual residue (Mohammad et al., 2013) made of biomass of agricultural products,
plantations, forestry produced by combustion processes at temperatures <250 - 700 oC (Lehman & Joseph, 2009, Hunt et al.,
2010). Biocharks great ability to hold water because it has a high number of macro and micro pores (Major et al., 2009,
Karhua et al., 2011), the presence of hydrophilic functional groups (Bruno et al., 2002). Another advantage of biochar
feeding is increased soil microbial activity in decomposing organic matter (Lehmann et al., 2011). Then the addition of
biochar to LRB is a function as the infiltration becomes more stable and over long periods because biochar is not easy to
decay and hold up to 100 year (Steiner et al., 2008). Biochar to be used in this activity is biochar from kendaga and rubber
seed shells (Hutapea et al, 2015), and biochar derived from jengkol peel.
The problem of waste in big cities, such as Medan city is a problem that can not be handled thoroughly. The ever-
increasing volume of garbage has caused various problems related to health, sanitation and aesthetics, as well as
environmental pollution (Astriani, 2009). The garbage that clogs the drainage channels causes flooding in the rainy season.
This is exacerbated by the less water absorption area due to the many home pages and roads that are made waterproof to
become the main triggers of flooding during the rainy season and drought in the dry season (Brata and Purwakusuma 2007).
Department Aquatic Product of Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Dramaga Lingkar Dalam, Bogor
E-mail: permatasari_laras@rocketmail.com
Abstract- Floods are natural disasters caused by the overflow of sea water or river water caused by rainfall. The flood
disaster is becoming one of the biggest problems faced in every country because it caused damage, the spread of the disease,
and loss of life. In 2012, major floods occurred in five countries: China, Nigeria, Myanmar, Russia, and Italy. Appropriate
controlsis a solution to prevent flooding.Kamir R. Brata a researcher of the Institute of Agriculture (IPB), which is the
creator Biopore holes technology that use organic waste to cope with stagnant water by increasing the water absorbing
power on the ground. Biopore infiltration holes can be used as an alternative for flood control by relying on the principle of
water infiltration. Biopore infiltration holes must be applied appropriately, focused and true to the flooding that occurred in
various countries can be resolved. Application of biopore technology can be applied by making the policy of "One Day for
Biopore". The policy involves all layers of society in every country so that the effect of the biopore infiltration hole can be
immediately felt and society becomes more concerned about the environment.
I. INTRODUCTION
Many things could be done to prevent any future II. REVIEW OF LITERATUR
flooding. One way to prevent flooding or at least
reduce it is to make a biopore infiltration hole. A Definition of BioporeInfiltrration Hole
Researchers Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Ir. According to Griya (2008), Biopore is small holes in
Kamir R. Brata, M.Sc, Associate Professor Soil the ground formed by the activity of soil organisms
Ecology, who also staff the Department of Soil such as worms or movement of roots in the soil. The
Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture hole will be filled with air and water become flow
Biopore successfully developed a technology that is paths. So the rain water does not go directly to the
very simple, namely " Biopore Infiltration Hole" to sewer, but seep into the ground through the hole.
prevent floods and droughts (Ristek 2009).
Ir. Kamir R. Brata, MSc from the Bogor Agriculture
Biopore is small holes are there in the soil due to the University (2008) describes that biopore is "80 cm -
activity of organisms in the soil such as worms, the 100 cm deep hole with a diameter of 10-30 cm,
movement of roots in the soil, termites and other soil intended as biopore infiltration pits to collect rain
fauna. The holes are filled with air and into the path water and seep it back to the land". Biopore enlarge
of water flow. Rainwater does not go directly to the the capacity of the soil to rain water, reducing the
sewer, but seep into the ground through the hole. pool of water, which further reduces the overflow of
Biopore can be made in the front yard, backyard or rainwater down to the river. Thus, reducing also the
garden of the house. biopore hole infiltration with a flow and volume of river water to a lower level, such
diameter of 20 cm and the depth 15 cm at intervals of as in Jakarta that water capacity is very low because
2 meters proved to be very effective in preventing the the land is filled by buildings.
occurrence of surface runoff water, erosion and
nutrient losses in dry agricultural land. According to John Herf (2009), Bioporeinfiltrration
hole is made cylindrical holes into the ground with a
Flooding caused by high rainfall and lack of water diameter of 10 cm – 30 cm. In leaflets Biopore
infiltration can be overcome by making a biopore described, about a hundred centimeters or depth not
infiltration hole. Biopore application can be done by exceeding the depth of water table. Holes is filled by
applying a policy of "One Day for Biopore". The organic waste, encourage biopore. Biopore is a pore
policy is required for all levels of society in each like canal (small tunnel) which is formed by the
country in a small family. activity of soil fauna or plant roots.
"One Day for Biopore" can be implemented at the Bioporeinfiltrration hole according to Minister of
time of Earth Day April 22 at every year. People who Forestry Regulation No. P.70 / Forestry II 2008 /
violate them will be charged onerous taxes. Biopore About the Technical Guidelines for Forest and Land
infiltration holes that have been created by the Rehabilitation, is holes in the ground formed by the
community should be documented as evidence has activities of organisms in it, such as worms, plant
been implementing the "One Day for Biopore". roots, termites, and other soil fauna. The holes will be
Biopore Infiltration Hole: "One Day For Biopore" As An Alternative Prevent Flood
6
International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009 Volume- 3, Issue-2, April-2015
filled with air and will be a passage of water in the Making biopore infiltration holes in each type of land
soil. Understanding concluded biopore be made use can facilitate the utilization of organic waste by
vertical cylindrical holes into the ground and the putting it into the ground. The location of making
ground state of the shallow ground water level, not to holes can be done in the area / location of surface
exceed the depth of ground water. The hole is filled water flows and high sedimentation rate and
with organic waste that biopore formation. Biopore is agricultural land, yard, farm, forest and road edges.
shaped hole pores (small tunnel) made by the activity Maintenance is done by moving the absorption wells
of soil fauna or plant roots, shows a cross section of sediment absorption wells to the field of fitness or the
the holebiopore infiltration. plant around as fertilizer. Moving biopore hole on the
other side of the organic fertilizer plant as a back up.
B How to Make a Bioporeinfiltrration hole
Biopore is one of the water absorption method used C Implications of Application Bioporeinfiltrration
to overcome the problem of flooding by increasing hole
the sink in the water in the soil. This method Making holes biopore infiltration will increase the
proposed by Dr. Kamir R Brata, one of the ability of the environment to sustain life on it.
researchers from the InstitutPertanian Bogor. How to According Brata and Purwakusuma (2008), that the
make Bioporeinfiltrration hole is as follows: technology of Bioporeinfiltrration hole, developed
1. Find the right location to make the hole biopore based on the principle of maintaining the health of the
infiltration, namely in the area of rainwater that flows soil ecosystem to support the existence of
like a garden, parking lot, and so on. biodiversity in the soil by the availability of sufficient
2. The land that would be drilled, must be watered water, air, and food sources (organic matter).
for easy flushing Determination of the number of holes biopore
3. Place the drill perpendicular to the ground to infiltration specifically appropriate to a particular area
begin drilling. with a certain area and a certain intensity of rain
4. Punch a hole with the drill ground Biopore, anyway, calculated by equation (Brata 2008):
(Biopore drill is the drill for mineral soil, with drill
presses while playing to right to right to drill into the n=I×Lv
ground. Remarks:
5. To facilitate the drilling, do the watering with n: Number of Holes Infiltration Biopore
water during drilling. I: The intensity of the biggest rainfall in 10 years
6. Each approximately 15cm or as deep as the drill (mm / h)
stop, pull the drill bit while still rotated to the right, to L: The area of impervious areas (m2)
clear land located within the drill bit. v: The rate of water infiltration on average per hole
7. Clean the land of the drill bit by using a knife or (liters / sec)
other puncture tool, begin by pressing the ground
from the side of the drill bit so that the soil is The main benefits of the hole is its ability to increase
removed. the biopore infiltration of rain water infiltration into
8. Do the process of perforating the ground the soil. Ability biopore infiltration holes in absorb
repeatedly until it reaches a depth of approximately water is affected by the diameter of the hole is made.
100 cm. Relationship with the diameter of the hole infiltration
9. If the soil is rocky or gravel, so that inhibition of load is shown in Table 1.
drilling, the drilling can be stopped to a depth that can Table 1. Hole Diameter Relationship with the
be penetrated by the drill bit alone, although only Infiltration and Added Charges
reaching a depth of approximately 50 cm. Source: Brata and Nelistya 2008.
10. Then fill with organic waste. Table 1 shows that the hole diameter of 10 cm
biopore infiltration with a depth of 100 cm using only
Table 1. Hole Diameter Relationship with the horizontal surface 79 cm2 produces vertical surface
Infiltration and Added Charges area of 0.314 m2 of wall hole, then expand to 40
times that can absorb water.
Biopore Infiltration Hole: "One Day For Biopore" As An Alternative Prevent Flood
7
6 Jurnal Komunitas : Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Vol. 1, No. 1, Juli 2018, pp. 06-12
ISSN 2621-6434
* corresponding author
Article history Bekasi Regency, one of the districts affected when rainfall is high occurs
Received according to data from BPS during 2016 the average rainfall reached
Revised 2,000.12 mm. Public Middle School 3 East Cikarang, one of the areas that
Accepted has the potential for flooding, is caused by a lower land surface than the
surrounding area. Biopori Infiltration Hole, is one of the techniques carried
out for disaster mitigation and can be applied easily by everyone. The
purpose of this study is to find out how much the benefits of biopori as a
Keywords solution to minimize the potential for flooding applied in schools that are
Floods, often affected by flooding. The benefit of this research is that students and
Biopori, Students the community know the benefits of biopori as a whole, not just as a flood
prevention. The results obtained are overall knowledge about biopori, the
benefits of applying biopori, designing a good biopori installation location,
and also designing an effective biopori manufacture.
A. PENDAHULUAN
Analisis Situasi
Kabupaten Bekasi merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Indonesia yang terdampak apabila curah hujan
tinggi terjadi. Menurut data BPS pada tahun 2017(BPS 2017), rata-rata curah hujan yang terjadi di Kabupaten
Bekasi kurang lebih 2.000,12 mm. Curah hujan yang tinggi berakibat volume air meningkat sedagkan daya
serap tanah terhadp air berkuang, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya banjir di beberapa titik di Kabupaten
Bekasi. Pembukaan lahan, perataan dan pemadatan tanah untuk pembangunan permukiman maupun prasaran
lainnya menjaid salha satu penyebab daya serapt tanah terhadpa air menurun. Selain itu berkurangnya sumber
bahan organik dalam unsur tanah dan rusaknya lubang-lubang bekas penembusan galian faunah tanah juga
menjadi penyebab menurunya daya serap tanah terhadap air. Banjri terjadi bukan hanya diarea permukiman
saja, bahkan beberpaa sekolah di wilayah Cikarang Timur juga mengalami banjir salah satunya di SMP
Negeri 3 Cikarang Timur. Kondisi tanah yang lebih rendah dari daerah sekitarnya menyebabkan SMP Negeri
3 Cikarang Timur sering mengalami banjir, selain kondisi tanah yang rendah banyaknya kegiatan pengecoran
jalan dan pembangunan ruang tambanhan di sekitar sekolah juga menjadi penyebab banjir terjadi setiap kali
musim penghujan tiba.
Upaya dalam mengatasi potensi terjadinya banjir dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, seperti
pemeliharaan saluran air serta pengelolaan pembuangan sampah. Salah satu upaya sederhana yang dapat
dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi sederhana tetapi memiliki dampak yang sangat besar bagi
lingkungan yaitu Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB). Lubang Resapan Biopori menjadi salah satu upaya yang
mudah diterapkan di wilayah yang masih mengalami pembangunan, karena dana yang dibutuhkan sedikit
serta efektif dalam proses penyerapan air dan dapat mengurangi jumlah sampak organik.
Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) ditemukan dan dikembangkan oleh seorang dosen Ilmu Tanah dan
Sumber Daya Lahan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jawa Barat pada tahun 2000 yang bernama Ir. Kamir R. Brata,
MSc. Menurut Kamir, lubang resapan biopori yang baru dibuat serta telah diisi sampah bisa memasukan air
sebanyak 1,5 liter hingga 16 liter per menit. Lubang resapan biopori (LRB) adalah lubang-lubang tanah yang
terbentuk akibat aktivitas organisme di dalamnya, seperti cacing, perakaran tanah, rayap, dan fauna tanah
lainnya. Dengan adanya aktivitas fauna tanah pada lubang resapan maka biopori akan terjaga kemampuannya
dalam menyerap air dan akan terus terpelihara keberadaannya.
*Korespondensi : sophia.shanti@dsn.ubharajaya.ac.id
Diterima: 30 Oktober 2020 ; Review: 1 November 2020 ; Disetujui: 14 Desember 2020 ; Diterbitkan: 28 Desember 2020
Abstract
Puddles during rainy season and domestic waste have become problems in many cities.
Another recurring problem is decreasing water source during dry season because rain
water hardly infiltrated into the soil. Green open spaces have been converted into building
resulting in the decrease of rain water infiltration. Due to decreasing water infiltration
area, rain water mostly becomes water run off instead of infiltrated water. Domestic waste
management is also another concern in the city. Domestic waste can cause many
problems to the environment and health if it is not managed properly. Mutiara Gading
Timur housing complex is one of the areas in Bekasi city which only has limited green
open space. Most of the area has been transformed into house or street. Biopori
infiltration hole can be an alternative to reduce water run-off and reduce biodegradable
waste. It is made vertically into the soil by digging a hole of 10 – 25 cm in diameter dan
100 cm depth. Organic waste is placed on the top of biopori infiltration hole. It will
decompose and turn into compost which will improve organisms activity in the soil and
create pores to infiltrate water.
Abstrak
Genangan air di musim hujan dan tumpukan sampah telah menjadi masalah bagi banyak
kota. Masalah lain yang sering dialami adalah kekeringan di musim kemarau yang
diakibatkan sedikitnya air hujan yang mengisi kembali rongga tanah. Semakin banyaknya
lahan hijau yang berubah fungsi menjadi bangunan menyebabkan berkurangnya daerah
resapan air. Dengan berkurangnya daerah resapan air, hujan yang turun tidak meresap
kembali ke dalam tanah melainkan mengalir di permukaan.Hal lain yang harus menjadi
perhatian adalah pengelolaan sampah domestik. Apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik,
sampah domestik menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan. Perumahan
63
Sophia Shanti Meilani, Wahyu Kartika, Dovina Navanti
Diterima : 30/10/2020 ; Review : 1/11/2020 ; Disetujui : 14/12/2020 ; Diterbitkan : 28/12/2020
Mutiara Gading Timur merupakan salah satu tempat di kota Bekasi yang hanya memiliki
sedikit daerah resapan air karena sebagian besar lahan telah dipergunakan sebagai
rumah atau jalan.Pembuatan lubang resapan biopori dapat menjadi alternatif untuk
mengurangi volume air permukaan, meningkatkan tingkat resapan air hujan ke dalam
tanah, dan mereduksi sampah organik yang mudah terurai. Lubang resapan biopori
dibuat vertikal ke dalam tanah, dengan diameter 10 – 25 cm dan kedalaman sekitar 100
cm. Di bagian atas lubang diisi dengan sampah organik yang kemudian akan terurai
menjadi kompos.Adanya kompos di bagian atas lubang biopori akan meningkatkan
aktivitas organisme dalam tanah yang membentuk rongga-rongga untuk meresapkan air
ke dalam tanah.
1. PENDAHULUAN
Sirkulasi air di permukaan bumi dan atmosfer tidak pernah berhenti dan mengikuti
siklus hidrologi. Kebutuhan air di bumi dapat terpenuhi dengan adanya siklus hidrologi.
Air hujan yang turun sebagian akan masuk ke dalam tanah melalui proses infiltrasi dan
sebagian lagi bergerak di atas tanah menjadi air permukaan. Air yang masuk ke dalam
tanah mengisi rongga dalam tanah dan mengisi cadangan air dalam tanah. Air
permukaan bergerak dari tempat yang tinggi ke tempat yang rendah melalui saluran,
misalnya saluran drainase, sungai, dan laut.
Salah satu fungsi lahan adalah untuk meresapkan air hujan yang jatuh ke
permukaan tanah. Masalah banjir sering melanda kota-kota di Indonesia yang
berhubungan dengan semakin berkurangnya daerah resapan air. Sebagian besar lahan
hijau sebagai daerah resapan air di perkotaan telah beralih fungsi menjadi bangunan dan
jalan. Dengan berkurangnya daerah resapan air, hujan yang turun tidak meresap kembali
ke dalam tanah melainkan mengalir di permukaan. Bila jumlah air permukaan meningkat
dan saluran drainase tidak dapat menampung debit air yang masuk maka air meluap
menjadi banjir (Widyastuti, 2013). Selain banjir, masalah lain yang sering dialami adalah
kekeringan di musim kemarau yang diakibatkan sedikitnya air hujan yang mengisi
kembali rongga tanah (Brata & Nelistya, 2008).
Pengelolaan sampah yang tidak tepat juga dapat menjadi penyebab banjir. Sampah
yang dibuang ke sungai dan saluran drainase menyebabkan berkurangnya daya
tampung saluran dan aliran air menjadi terhambat sehingga air meluap menjadi
banjir(Karuniastuti, 2014). Sebagian besar sampah yang dihasilkan di Indonesia
merupakan jenis sampah organik. Saat ini sebagian besar sampah organik langsung
dibuang ke tempat pembuangan tanpa pengolahan. Hal ini menyebabkan tingginya
volume sampah yang harus diangkut dan luasnya lahan tempat pembuangan akhir yang
harus disediakan. Jumlah sampah organik dapat dikurangi dengan melakukan
pengomposan. Pada proses pengomposan, sampah organik akan diuraikan menjadi
unsur hara yang dibutuhkan tanah dengan bantuan mikroorganisme. Pengomposan
mengubah sampah organik yang berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran menjadi sesuatu
yang bermanfaat.
ABSTRACT
Biopore technology Innovation is an easy and cheap technology that can be applied in any
class of society. Biopore Absorption Hole (BAH) is a cylincric vertical hole with a relatively small
diameter. Eventhough the diameter is not so big, it is still effective to absorb groundwater. The
dimension of technology reflected how this BAH tecnology is applied to the Management of BAH
within the society of Semarang City. In order to achieve maximum results, an evaluation toward the
sustainability of the dimension of BAH Management technology in Semarang City needs to be
performed. The objectives of this research are to:1) studying the status of technology dimension in
maintaining BAH, 2) studying sensitive attributes having influence toward index value and the
sustainability status of technology dimension in maintaining BAH, as well as 3) formulating the
priorities for policies applicable to technology in maintaining BAH in Semarang. The research took
place in three administrative villages (Srondol Wetan, Jatingaleh, and Bendan Ngisor) in the city of
Semarang. Those three locations were chosen to represent upper, middle, and lower regions of
Semarang as water absorption area.The analysis of status determining data and leveraging factor
was conducted using RAP – biopore method, while the the making of policy priorities was performed
by using Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP).Results suggest that the status of the sustainability of
Semarang’s BAH Management technology dimension was on “less sustainable” status (25,01 –
50,00). The strategy of enhancing influential sensitive attributes to improve sustainability status was
a great success in affecting the values and sustainability status.
Permalink/DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15608/stjssa.v12i1.249
be forest area, water absorption area, into the ground. An absorption well is too big
farming, and plantation, now turns into and the materials filling it cannot be utilized
commercial area. by soil biota as an energy source in the
The potential impacts that can happen creation of biopore. Soft matters carried by
due to the change in the way of using the land water filtered by filling materials can block the
is the emergence and dominance of surface cavities between the materials and thus
runoff resulting in damaged farms or reducing absorption rate. A big diameter will
plantations, fields, floodings, and local increase absorption blockage and reducing
puddles in various residential areas. In the absorption rate (Alimaksum, 2010).
addition, the flood is also triggered by low
infiltration level leading to the inability of the MATERIALS AND METHODS
soil to absorp water. Flood can also be caused The research was conducted in three
by surface runoff with a volume bigger than administrative village, Srondol Wetan,
the capacity of drainage system or river flow Jatingaleh, and Bendan Ngisor, belonging to
system (Haryani, et al., 2008). the city of Semarang (Figure 1).
It is hoped that the existence of biopore
can assist the soil in performing its function in
absorbing water. Biopore is shaped like a
burrow (small tunnels) placed under the
ground with branches very effective in
channeling water and air into the ground. The
pores can increase the soil’s capability in
containing water by circulating water and
oxygen into the ground. Automatically, the
more biopores existed underground, the
more healthy the soil in the area will become.
Based on Forestry Minister’s
Regulation No. 70/2008 on the Technical
Guidelines of Land and Forest Rehabilitation,
Biopore Absorption Hole (BAH) is an effective
and eco-friendly tecnology to address flooding
by enhancing water absorption capabilities,
turning organic trash into compost, and
reducing greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and Figure 1. Map of Research Location
methane), and utilizing the role of soil fauna’s
activities and the roots of plants in solving the The research was a descriptive
problems caused by water puddles such as quantitative research employing primary and
dengue fever and malaria. secondary data. Primary data were obtained
Biopore technology utilizes a cylincric through survey, observation, and interview
vertical hole with a relatively small diameter with respondents in research area.
but still effective to absorb groundwater. This Respondents are determined using simple
technology is considered more effective than random sampling. Respondents chosen were
absorption well in terms of absorbing water BAH Management stakeholders such as
*Corresponding Author, Received: May 1, 2020, Revised: May 10, 2020, Accepted: May 20, 2020
ABSTRACT: The District of Besuki is one of the regions in Tulungagung Regency which has karst
morphology. The high quantity of rainfall and unpredictable weather in the karst area can increase the risk of
natural disasters such as floods and landslides. The technology of making biopore infiltration holes can be used
as one of the solutions in flood disaster mitigation efforts. These infiltration holes generally used in dense areas
of settlements or regions that have minimal water catchment areas. This study aims to determine the use of
biopore to prevent flood in Gambiran, Besole Village, district of Besuki, Tulungagung Regency. This type of
research is an experiment. The measure water absorption was utilizing a variety of tools such as double-ring
infiltrometer, stopwatch, special ruler measuring the water speed. The results showed that the use of biopore is
effective in reducing the impact of flooding in karst topographic areas, especially in Gambiran Hamlet, Besole
Village, Besuki district, Tulungagung Regency. This was proven by experiments conducted by making
comparisons between treated soils with biopore infiltration holes and soils without any treatment. During one
month, with four times the treatment of water absorption can increase more than doubled. If the point without
treatment is only able to absorb water as deep as 23 cm / 30 minutes or an average of 0.7 cm/minute, then the
treatment point can absorb water as deep as 57cm / 30 minutes or with an average value of 1.9 / minute. With
the increasing absorption of groundwater, the use of biopore infiltration holes can reduce the impact of flooding
in karst areas, especially in Gambiran Village Besole Village Besuki District Besuki Tulungagung Regency.
100
Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education, June, 2020, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 100-104
DISASTER, GEOGRAPHY, GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/Sjdgge
ISSN : 2580 - 4030 ( Print ) 2580 - 1775 ( Online), Indonesia
of biopore compared to other methods, namely: 1) Furthermore, the difference is that if O2 is more
increasing the absorption of groundwater; 2) able to significant than O1, the quality control group has a
convert organic waste into compost; 3) able to positive effect, and if O2 is smaller than O4, it has
improve soil fertility; and 4) making it very easy a negative impact [11].
and straightforward [5] [8].
The researcher hopes that the technology of 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
making biopore infiltration holes can be used as a
solution to reduce flood disasters in Tulungagung Description of Pre-action Soil Absorption Data
Regency. These infiltration holes generally used in
densely populated areas or areas that have minimal They measure the absorption capacity of
water catchment areas. This simple and groundwater in pre-action activities carried out to
environmentally friendly technology is still rarely conduct a pretest. The results of the pretest of water
used, and researchers previously suggested the need absorption at two points are as follows.
for action in the form of socialization to the public
about the importance of using biopore. Table 1. Pretest Soil Absorption
101
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat
Volume 4, Issue 2, Page 105–110 September 2019 e-ISSN: 2654-4835 p-ISSN: 2502-6828
http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/pengabdianmu/article/view/892
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v4i2.892
© 2019 Authors. Published by Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah
Palangkaraya. This is Open Access article under the CC-BY-SA License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/pengabdianmu.v4i2.892.
PengabdianMu: Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat,Vol 4 No 2, September 2019,Page 105-110 p-ISSN: 2502-6828; e-ISSN: 2654-4835
106
EKOBIS ABDIMAS Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juni, 2021
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat E - ISSN: 2721-9933
ABSTRAK
Pada saat intensitas hujan tinggi, Desa Bohar terutama di RW 9 mengalami genanngan air dan masyarakat
belum memanfaatkan sampah organik rumah tangga secara optimal. Untuk menanggulangi genangan air
hujan dan sampah organik salah satu alternatif dengan menggunakan lubang resapan biopori (LRB).
Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan, ketrampilan, dan
kesadaran kepada masyarakat tentang pembuatan dan manfaat LRB. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian
diawali dari survey lokasi, penyuluhan dan praktek pembuatan LRB, dan monitoring serta evaluasi.
Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah masyarakat memperoleh, pengetahuan dan kertampilan serta kesadaran
membuat LRB; membangun 20 buah LRB; LRB mengurangi genangan air terutama pada saat hujan
dengan intensitas hujan tinggi; sampah organik dari rumah tangga diolah menajdi kompos dengan
dimasukan ke dalam LRB.
Kata kunci: Genangan air, Lubang Resapan Biopori, Sampah Organik
ABSTRACT
When the intensity of rain is high, Bohar Village, especially in RW 9, experiences waterlogging and the
community has not utilized household organic waste optimally. To cope with rainwater puddles and
organic waste, one alternative is to use biopore infiltration holes. This community service activity aims to
provide knowledge, skills, and awareness to the community about the manufacture and benefits of
biopore infiltration holes. The method of implementing the service begins with a site survey, counseling
and practice of making biopore infiltration holes, and monitoring and evaluation. The result of this
activity is that the community acquires knowledge and skills as well as awareness of making biopore
infiltration holes; build 20 biopore infiltration holes; biopore infiltration holes reduces waterlogging,
especially when it rains with high rain intensity; organic waste from households is processed into
compost by putting it into the bio pure infiltration holes.
Keywords: Biopore Infiltration Hole, Organic Waste, Waterlogging
PENDAHULUAN
Bohar merupakan adalah sebuah desa yang masuk dalam wilayah Kecamatan Taman
kabupaten Sidoarjo. Desa Bohar mempunyai luas wilayah 148 ha, terdiri dari 9 RW dengan
jumlah penduduk 5902 jiwa (“Kecamatan Taman Dalam Angka,” 2020). Kabupaten Sidoarjo
salah satu kebupaten yang berbatasaan langsung dengan Kota Surabaya. Tingginya urbaninsasi
di Kota Surabaya menyebabkan pertumbuhan perumahan di Sidoarjo juga meningkat. Keadaan
52
EKOBIS ABDIMAS Volume 2, Nomor 1, Juni, 2021
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat E - ISSN: 2721-9933
Tania Verasta1*
1
Engineering Physics, School of Electrical Engineering
Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
taniaverasta@student.telkomuniversity.ac.id
Ihsan Maulidin , Hapsah Aulia Azzahra3, Aulya Sholehah Wataawa Sau Bhis Sobri4,
2
Abstract
Citeureup Village, RW 06, located in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, is a regional
area with low-level economy. The Covid-19 pandemic has made it worse and adding
difficulties to the villagers. On the other hand, this area also often experiences flooding with
an erratic pattern. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve local food security, economy, and
flood disaster mitigation for the Citeureup Village community. Efforts has been made by
Telkom University, some through activities carried out by students of the Undergraduate
Program in Engineering Physics (TF), which were to carry out community service activities
funded by the Village Development and Empowerment Holistic Program (PHP2D) in 2020.
These activities were decided by decree number 29/E2/KM/2020. The results of these
activities are the construction of a Hydroponic Greenhouse (HG) on 10m x 4m and biopore
infiltration holes as many as 45 hole constructions throughout RW 06 Citeureup Village.
Three months after construction, HG's existence has succeeded in improving Citeureup
Villagers behavior and practical knowledge in hydroponic and biopore systems from 21% to
98%. As conclusion, Telkom University has succeeded in playing role in improving
knowledge, local food security, economy, and reducing flood inundation at Citereup Village.
21
The Effect of Greenhouse and Biopore on Community Development of Economy and Knowledge of Citeureup Village 23
During the Pandemic
make good use of the land by constructing hydroponic systems, seedling, planting and
maintaining plants, and organizing the results of hydroponic plants so that they can improve
food producing and the community's economy.
On the other hand, to solve the problem of flooding that always occurs in Citeureup Village,
Hidrobici Team provided a solution in the form of biopore infiltration hole construction,
which covered most of RW 06 area, at Citeureup Village. With the presence of biopore
infiltration holes, water absorption can be accelerated (Ichsan & Hulalata, 2018). When this
happens, there is no longer standing water around the residential houses.
As a side effect of the community service activities, the level of public awareness in the
importance of knowledge about hydroponic house construction and about biopore infiltration
hole construction increases. With the construction of hydroponic houses, the community gets
several benefits. The community can save for every harvest process they get. For food
security, the community can save a few percent more compared to before the hydroponic
house construction. Besides, the community can improve the flood disaster mitigation effort
in Citeureup Village. This have a positive impact on the improvement of knowledge for every
household in the Citeureup Village and could extend to their neighborhoods and hopefully to
other villages beyond.
Yenni Ruslinda1, Rizki Aziz1, Larasati Sekar Arum1, dan Novita Sari1
ABSTRACT
The composition of organic waste reaches 59% of the total municipal solid waste in Indonesia. One way to process organic
waste is composting by utilizing microorganisms to break down waste into compost. Naturally, the composting process took
a long time but can be accelerated by adding microorganisms to the activator. This study analyzes the quality and quantity of
compost using the Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH) method with activator addition. Composting was duplicated in the yard area
with clay soil type and water infiltration rate of 0,3 cm/hour. The BIH was made in a 10 cm diameter, a 100 cm depth, and the
distance between the holes was 50 cm. Composting variations consist of variations in the composition of the raw materials
and the activators' uses. Variations in the raw material composition consisted of 100% yard waste, 100% food waste, 50%
yard waste and 50% food waste, and 70% food waste and 30% yard waste. In contrast, the activator variations consisted of
no activator, EM4 activator, and Stardec activator. Compost analysis consists of maturity, quality of physical and macro
elements, and quantity of compost. The results showed that all variations of composting had met the standard of maturity and
quality of physical and macro elements according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The addition of activator affected composting time
and compost quantity. The composting time in BIH with activator ranges from 41-60 days. In BIH without activator ranges
from 65-75 days, there was a reduction in composting time by 15-25 days with the activator addition. However, the activator
addition caused reducing the compost quantity by 10-20%. The selection of compost variations by scoring results in compost
with a composition of 50% yard waste and 50% food waste and the addition of Stardec activators was the best variation in
terms of compost maturity, quality, and quantity.
Citation: Ruslinda, Y., Aziz, R., Arum, L. S., Sari, N. (2021). The Effect of Activator Addition to the Compost with Biopore Infiltration Hole (BIH)
Method. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 19(1), 53-59, doi:10.14710/jil.19.1.53-59
Abstract
The increasing of quantity and quality of community needs recipitation change the
late of land use from green land which function is as water filtration and to make
organic compost in LRB as water conservation and handling waste as well. This
study is done by making LRB application. Filtration application is taken continues in
every 60 minutes and periodic by used by used bucket and organic natural
decomposition. Compost used was taken from kitchen waste, leaf litter and mixed of
both of them. The density of compost varied from 0,5 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg per hole. The
observation was done in 14 weeks. Infiltration of LRB increased from the first week
to nineth week and then decreased until the end of observation (fourteenth week) due
to the soil pore had been recharged of water. Maximum infiltrationof LRB with 3 kg
of kitchen waste then filtration of LRB with 2 kg og starfruits leaf litter and LRB with
0,5 kg of mixed waste. Infiltration rate for the first maximum were 274,79 l/h, 250,18
l/h, and 239,4 l/h. The effect of LRB was calculated based in the LRB capacity of
one LRB can contained of 0,2 ;/d household waste during 20 days with 10 weeks
cycle.
Kata kunci : infiltration, LRB capacity, LRB biopore holes, Organic waste and
Household waste
Abstract
The amount of water in nature is fixed and follows a stream called the hydrologic cycle. Hydrological cycle is a process associated, in which water is
transported from the ocean to the atmosphere (air), to land and back again into the sea. The hydrological cycle has a very important role for human
life, animals, and plants. The rapid development led to increased land cover which will cause a reduction in infiltration of rain water into the soil
and increases the amount of surface runoff. To overcome these problems, it takes the form of environmental management that can be done easily.
This can be done for example by utilizing existing technologies such as Hole Infiltration Biopori. The purpose of this study was to determine the
effect on infiltration and runoff biopori on silty clay soil with variable rainfall intensity, number biopori, and the slope of the land. The method used
is an experimental method in the laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The parameters used are varied ntensitas rain (torrential evenly, heavy in
the upstream, downstream heavy), the number biopori (0, 6, 12) and the slope is used (0o, 3o). Based on the results, the highest volume of
infiltration on the number biopori 12, 0o tilt, and intensity of heavy rainfall in the upstream. Most on the amount of runoff volume biopori 0, the
slope of 3o, and intensity of heavy rainfall in the downstream. Variations in the amount biopori more dominant effect than variations in slope and
rainfall intensity.
Keywords: biopori, infiltration, runoff, rainfall intensity, slope of the land.
Abstract
Pada prinsipnya, jumlah air di alam ini tetap dan mengikuti suatu aliran yang dinamakan siklus hidrologi. Siklus hidrologi
adalah suatu proses yang berkaitan, dimana air diangkut dari lautan ke atmosfer (udara), ke darat dan kembali lagi ke laut.
Siklus hidrologi ini mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan. Pesatnya
pembangunan menyebabkan tutupan lahan meningkat yang akan menyebabkan berkurangnya resapan air hujan ke dalam
tanah dan bertambah besarnya aliran permukaan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan bentuk penanganan
lingkungan yang dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Hal ini dapat dilakukan antara lain dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang
telah ada seperti Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh biopori terhadap
infiltrasi dan limpasan pada tanah lempung berlanau dengan peubah intensitas hujan, jumlah biopori, dan kemiringan lahan.
Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental di laboratorium dengan menggunakan alat rainfall simulator. Peubah
yang digunakan adalah intensitas hujan yang bervariasi (deras merata, deras di hulu, deras di hilir), jumlah biopori (0, 6, 12)
dan kemiringan yang digunakan (0o, 3o). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan volume infiltrasi terbanyak pada jumlah
biopori 12, kemiringan 0o, dan intensitas hujan deras di hulu. Volume limpasan terbanyak pada jumlah biopori 0, kemiringan
3o, dan intensitas hujan deras di hilir. Variasi jumlah biopori berpengaruh lebih dominan daripada variasi kemiringan dan
intensitas hujan.
Kata kunci : biopori, infiltrasi, limpasan, intensitas hujan, kemiringan lahan.
PENDAHULUAN
Hujan yang jatuh ke bumi baik langsung menjadi aliran maupun tidak langsung yaitu melalui vegetasi atau media
lainnnya akan membentuk siklus aliran air mulai dari tempat yang tinggi (gunung, pegunungan) menuju ke tempat
yang rendah baik di permukaan tanah maupun di dalam tanah yang berakhir di laut. Pada prinsipnya, jumlah air
di alam ini tetap dan mengikuti suatu aliran yang dinamakan siklus hidrologi. Siklus Hidrologi adalah suatu proses
yang berkaitan, dimana air diangkut dari lautan ke atmosfer (udara), ke darat dan kembali lagi ke laut. Siklus
hidrologi ini mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan.
Pesatnya pembangunan fisik dari pertumbuhan penduduk yang cukup tinggi menyebabkan tutupan lahan oleh
bangunan-bangunan kedap air (beton, aspal, dan sejenisnya) akan menyebabkan berkurangnya resapan air hujan
ke dalam tanah dan bertambah besarnya aliran permukaan (surface run off). Untuk mengatasi permasalahan
tersebut, diperlukan bentuk penanganan lingkungan yang dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Hal ini dapat dilakukan
antara lain dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang telah ada seperti Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB).
ABSTRACT
The problem of inundation is not a simple problem, several factors must be considered, among others, the
increase in flood discharge due to changes in land use, narrowing and silting of the channel due to
settlement pressure and sediment. the problem of high ground water levels and waste problems. For this
reason, the solution for handling puddles on soil with silt conditions is to implement a water conservation
system, one of which is by making biopore infiltration holes. In this study, researchers took locations with
silty soil conditions. the data that has been collected is then processed and analyzed. The primary data
obtained are in the form of the rate of water infiltration into the soil and the value of the infiltration rate
before and after the biopore infiltration hole.
https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/jati 18 Novianto/CRANE/2021
Translated from Indonesian to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.com
ISBN 978-979-3793-70-2
Abstract
241
PENGARUH PERESAPAN AIR HUJAN MENGGUNAKAN
LUBANG RESAPAN BIOPORI (LRB)
Ashri Febrina Rahmasari1), Suripin2), Sudarno3)
1)
Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Ilmu Lingkungan UNDIP
2)
Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
3)
Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik UNDIP
ashrifebrinar@gmail.com
Abstract
The increasing of quantity and quality of community needs recipitation change the
late of land use from green land which function is as water filtration and to make
organic compost in LRB as water conservation and handling waste as well. This
study is done by making LRB application. Filtration application is taken continues in
every 60 minutes and periodic by used by used bucket and organic natural
decomposition. Compost used was taken from kitchen waste, leaf litter and mixed of
both of them. The density of compost varied from 0,5 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg per hole. The
observation was done in 14 weeks. Infiltration of LRB increased from the first week
to nineth week and then decreased until the end of observation (fourteenth week) due
to the soil pore had been recharged of water. Maximum infiltrationof LRB with 3 kg
of kitchen waste then filtration of LRB with 2 kg og starfruits leaf litter and LRB with
0,5 kg of mixed waste. Infiltration rate for the first maximum were 274,79 l/h, 250,18
l/h, and 239,4 l/h. The effect of LRB was calculated based in the LRB capacity of
one LRB can contained of 0,2 ;/d household waste during 20 days with 10 weeks
cycle.
Kata kunci : infiltration, LRB capacity, LRB biopore holes, Organic waste and
Household waste
Tabel 1. Hubungan diameter lubang dengan beban resapan dan pertambahan luas
permukaan resapan
Diameter Mulut Luas Pertambahan Volume Beban
lubang lubang dinding luas (kali) (liter) resapan
(cm) (cm2) (m2) (liter/m2)
10 79 0,3143 40 7,857 25
40 1257 1,2571 11 125,714 100
60 2829 1,8857 7 282,857 150
80 5029 2,5143 5 502,857 200
100 7857 3,1429 4 785,714 250
Sumber : Brata dan Anne (2008)
Abdul Rivai Suleman, Hamzah Yusuf, Abdul Nabi, Andi Erdiansa, Shanty Halim and Nur Aulia
Jurusan Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Jl. Perintis
Kemerdekaan Makassar, 90245 Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi lubang resapan biopori yang sesuai
dengan memanfaatkan Perangkat Lunak Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dalam mengadopsi
teknologi tepat guna Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) pada daerah genangan di bagian timur kota
Makassar. Analisis penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk analisis kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi
jenis tanah dalam penelitian dan juga analisis kuantitatif untuk menentukan lokasi yang sesuai
untuk diterapkan pada Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB). Secara garis besar, konsep penerapan
teknik analisis super-impose dengan tiga variabel penentuan lokasi analisis Lubang Resapan
Biopori (LRB) seperti jenis tanah, curah hujan dan koefisien daerah terbangun. Hasil penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa tiga lokasi yang cocok untuk diterapkan Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB),
yaitu;
Kata kunci: Lubang resapan biopori, resapan banjir, daerah genangan, kota Makassar, GIS, pelaksana
Penulis yang sesuai: Abdul Rivai Suleman, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang,
Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Makassar, 90245 Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
341
J. Eng. Ilmu Terapan, 15 (2): 341-349, 2020
343
Jurnal Untuk Mu negeRI Vol. 1, No.2, November 2017
ISSN : 2550-0198
Banjir merupakan masalah yang hampir setiap tahun melanda wilayah perkotaan maupun
pedesaan. Banjir disebabkan karena tidak lancarnya saluran pembuangan air (di selokan
atau badan air) yang menyebabkan terjadinya luapan air, kurangnya kesadaran
masyarakat untuk tidak membuang sampah ke aliran air, dan berkurangnya lahan terbuka
yang berguna untuk resapan air. Penyebab banjir di wilayah perkotaan lebih banyak
disebabkan oleh tidak lancarnya aliran air (di selokan) akibat sampah yang dibuang ke
aliran air dan berkurangnya daerah resapan air di pekarangan rumah. Tujuan dari
kegiatan pengabdian masysrakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan
keterampilan masyarakat di Kelurahan Maharatu, Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai dalam
pembuatan lubang biopori sebagai upaya untuk penanggulangan dan pencegahan banjir
di sekitar pemukiman masyarakat tersebut yang nantinya dapat diaplikasikan oleh
masyarakat di lingkungan sekitar rumah.
ISSN : 2550-0198
mengurangi beban sampah kota. 11,26 km2 dengan jumlah Rukun
Menurut (Brata & Nelistya, 2008), Warga (RW) Tingginya penggunaan
teknologi LRB merupakan produk lahan untuk bangunan/pekarangan
yang sederhana, murah dan tidak perumahan menyebabkan
memerlukan lahan yang luas, serta berkurangnya daerah resapan air.
cepat dan mudah dalam Kondisi ini makin diperburuk karena
pembuatannya. LRB sangat tepat banyak halaman rumah warga yang
diterapkan pada lokasi yang memiliki disemenisasi sehingga apabila terjadi
kepadatan bangunan dan pemukiman hujan air yang meresap ke dalam
penduduk. Menurut Peraturan tanah makin berkurang. Sampai
Menteri Lingkunan Hidup Nomor 12 sejauh ini, sebagian besar masyarakat
Tahun 2009 tentang Pemanfaatan Air di Kelurahan Maharatu, khususnya di
Hujan, LRB adalah lubang yang RT 03/RW 07 belum menerapkan
dibuat secara tegak lurus ke dalam teknologi lubang resapan biopori
tanah, dengan diameter 10 - 25 cm sebagai alternatif penanggulangan
dan kedalaman sekitar 100 cm atau banjir dan mengurangi beban sampah
tidak melebihi kedalaman muka air organik rumah tangga.
tanah. LRB sangat tepat diterapkan
pada lingkungan perkotaan yang Kegiatan pengabdian kepada
memiliki kondisi permukiman masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk
dengan kepadatan penduduk yang meningkatkan pengetahuan dan
tinggi karena lahan yang dibutuhkan keterampilan masyarakat di
untuk LRB relatif kecil Kelurahan Maharatu, Kecamatan
(Mulyaningsih et al. 2014). Marpoyan Damai dalam pembuatan
lubang biopori sebagai upaya untuk
LRB merupakan lubang kecil di penanggulangan dan pencegahan
dalam tanah yang terbentuk karena banjir di sekitar pemukiman
adanya aktivitas organism tanah masyarakat tersebut.
seperti cacing, pergerakan akar di
dalam tanah, rayap dan hewan-hewan METODE PENGABDIAN
lainnya. Lubang terisi oleh udara
hingga memasuki aliran air. Air Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian
hujan tidak secara langsung masuk ke ini dalam bentuk penyuluhan dan
dalam selokan tetapi merembes ke pelatihan pembuatan Lubang
dalam tanah melalui lubang tersebut. Resapan Biopori (LRB).
LRB dapat dibuat di halaman depan,
1. Penyuluhan tentang Lubang
belakang atau kebun dari rumah.
Resapan Biopori
LRB dengan diameter 20 cm dan
kedalaman 15 cm dengan jarak 2 m Sebelum dilakukan pembuatan
terbukti sangat efektif dalam lubang biopori, dilakukan penyuluhan
mencegah terjadinya mengalirnya air tentang apa itu lubang resapan
permukaan, erosi dan kehilangan biopori, manfaat serta bagaimana cara
nutrient di lahan pertanian pembuatannya. Penyuluhan
(Permatasari, 2015). dilakukan dilakukan di salah satu
rumah warga dimana lokasi kegiatan
Kelurahan Maharatu merupakan
ini berlangsung. Tujuan
salah satu kelurahan yang berada di
dilakukannya penyuluhan ini adalah
dalam Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai,
untuk member informasi awal tentang
Kota Pekanbaru dengan luas wilayah
94
Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Vol.13 No.1
ABSTRAK
Semakin banyaknya lahan terbangun dan kurangnya Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) maka akan
mengakibatkan berkurangnya kawasan resapan air bagi masyarakat Bandung. untuk peresapan air ke
dalam tanah diperlukan pemanfaatan lubang resapan biopori (LRB) sebagai media konservasi air
tanah juga sebagai suatu upaya pelestarian air tanah dan penanganan genangan air di kawasan
perkotaan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu metode dengan teknik analisis kualitatif untuk
mengidentifikasi Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB) eksisting, serta analisis kuantitatif untuk
mengidentifikasi kebutuhan Lubang Resapan Biopori yang ideal dan untuk penentuan lokasi Lubang
Resapan Biopori (LRB) yang tepat.
Page | 1
Jurnal Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Vol.13 No.1
Page | 3
LAJU RESAPAN BIOPORI PADA BEBERAPA TIPE TANAH
ABSTACT
The city of Manado annually experiences flooding in certain areas caused by changes in
land use, a cycle of reduction in river capacity, and public awareness in disposing of garbage and
maintaining a very low environment. The study was conducted at four locations namely Pandu sub-
district,Rurukan sub-district,Kali village and Matungkas village. In order to determine the rate of water
absorption and the minimum amount of biopore infiltration holes in four different soil types. From this
research, it is expected to be able to provide information for the government and the developing
community to be taken into consideration in efforts to prevent flooding and minimize surface runoff.
The method in this study uses a factorial randomized design as a method of retrieving data which is
then analyzed using an analysis of two way variants. The results of the study show that the rate of
recharge has a significant effect on the level of depth, and type of soil. The highest absorption rate is in
the regosol soil type and at a depth of 75 cm.
Keywords : Biopori, Floods, Biopore Infiltration Holes
ABSTRAK
Kota Manado setiap tahunnya mengalami banjir pada daerah-daerah tertentu yang
disebabkan oleh perubahan tata guna lahan, siklus pengecilan kapasitas tampung sungai, dan
kesadaran masyarakat dalam membuang sampah serta memelihara lingkungan yang masih sangat
rendah Penelitian ini dilakukan pada empat lokasi yaitu Kelurahan Pandu, Kelurahan Rurukan, desa
Kali dan desa Matungkas. Dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui laju resapan air dan jumlah minimal
lubang resapan biopori pada empat tipe tanah yang berbeda. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat
memberikan informasi bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat yang sedang membangun untuk dijadikan
bahan pertimbangan dalam upaya pencegahan banjir dan meminimalisir limpasan permukaan. Metode
dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak faktorial sebagai metode pengambilan data yang
kemudian di analisis menggunakan analisis of varian two way. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa laju resapan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kedalaman, dan jenis tanah. Laju resapan
tertinggi berada pada jenis tanah regosol dan pada tingkat kedalaman 75 cm.
Kata Kunci : Biopori, Banjir , Lubang Resapan Biopori
Tabel 2. Gambaran Lokasi Penelitian
200,00 Berbeda
150,00
Laju