Mata Kuliah : Hukum dan Peraturan Kemaritiman

Tanggal/Jam : Oktober 2021/ 08.00 – 10.00

Pengajar : Ir. Mukti Wibowo
Referensi : - Bureau Veritas Rules and Regulation
- LLIC, SOLAS dan MARPOL

PERATURAN TENTANG KESELAMATAN DILAUT (SOLAS)

Umum

• Terpicu dari beberapa peristiwa kecelakaan kapal laut, misalnya tenggelamnya

kapal Titanic yang menelan korban ribuan jiwa, maka setelah beberapa kali
dikeluarkan peraturan keselamatan secara regional organisasi IMCO (sekarang
menjadi IMO) pada 17 JUNE 1960 mengeluarkan peraturan internasional untuk
Keselamatan Jiwa di Laut dikenal dengan nama SOLAS 1960, yang terus
disempurnakan dan ditambah pada tahun 1974, 1978, 1981, 1981, 1988, 1991,
1997 dan terakhir 1 Januari tahun 2020 sudah diberlakukan amandemen SOLAS
yang terbaru.

• SOLAS merupakan persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi untuk seluruh kapal yang
memilik GRT 250 ton keatas, untuk kapal-kapal yang GRT nya dibawah 250 ton
maka persyaratan harus mengikuti peraturan Pemerintah bendera kapal.

• SOLAS menulis beberapa peraturan yang terbagi dalam beberapa Chapter, pada
saat ini sudah terdiri dari 12 chapter dan yang berkaitan dengan Peralatan
Keselamatan adalah pada Chapter II – Construction – Fire protection, fire
detection and fir extinction serta Chapter III mengenai Life-saving appliances and
arrangement.

• Peralatan keselamatan peraturannya dikelompokkan untuk penggunaan dikapal

jenis Kapal Penumpang dan Kapal Barang

Pemeriksaan Pembaharuan Sertifikat Peralatan Keselamatan (Mandatory survey)

Perlu diingat bahwa sesuai peraturan SOLAS, sertifikat yang terkait ada beberapa
sertifikat yang secara umum diberlakukan untuk semua jenis kapal, dan juga ada
beberapa sertifikat tertentu yang diberlakukan untuk jenis/type kapal khusus, sertifikat
yang umum yaitu :

Safety Equipment certificate berlaku 5 tahun

Sertifikat ini diterapkan untuk beberapa jenis peralatan keselamatan termasuk

 Fire safety systems

 Life saving appliances
 Navigational equipment
 Pilot embarkation arrangements
  Nautical publications
 Lights and shapes
 Sound signals
 Distress signals

Saya perlu jelaskan sebetulnya apa yang dimaksud dengan sertifikat Saf.
Equipment tersebut, yaitu satu dokumen yang dikeluarkan atas nama pemerintah
bendera untuk satu kapal, menunjukkan bahwa kapal tersebut memenuhi
peraturan SOLAS yang sesuai. Sertifikat ini dikeluarkan pertama kali sebelum
kapal mulai beroperasi dengan masa berlaku 5 tahun maksimum, yang harus
secara berkala di disyahkan berdasarkan hasil survey atau pemeriksaan diatas
kapal.
Didalam sertifikat terdapat beberapa penjelasan yang sesuai dengan kapal
meliputi :

Data utama dari kapal

 Name of ship
 Distinctive number or letters
 Port of registry
 Gross tonnage
 Deadweight of ship (metric tons)
 Length of ship
 IMO Number

Jenis/Type kapal

 Bulk carrier
 Oil tanker
 Chemical tanker
 Gas carrier
 Cargo ship other than any of the above

Data pembangunan kapal

 Date of building contract

 Date on which keel was laid or ship was at similar stage of construction
 Date of delivery
 Date on which work for a conversion or an alteration or modification of a
major character

Tanggal pelaksanaan survey diatas kapal

 Date of survey
 Dates of last two inspections of the outside of the ship’s bottom
 Endorsement for annual and intermediate surveys
  Endorsement for inspections of the outside of the ship’s bottom

Safety Radio certificate berlaku 5 tahun

Sertifikat ini diterapkan untuk beberapa jenis peralatan Radio komunikasi.

Sertifikat ini diberlakukan sesuai persyaratan dari SOLAS Chapter 1 reg. 9 yaitu
Surveys of Radio Installations of Cargo Ships. Sedangkan persyaratan untuk
peralatan Radio Installation terdapat di SOLAS Chapter IV. Peraturan ini
diterapkan untuk jenis kapal barang yang memiliki tonase 300 gross ton. Pada
sertifikat juga terdapat lampiran yang menunjukkan perlengkapan yang ada
dikapal disebut Record of Equipment for the Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate
(Form R)

Didalam sertifikat akan terdapat data2 kapal yang diperlukan termasuk :

Data utama dari kapal

 Name of ship
 Distinctive number or letters
 Port of registry
 Gross tonnage
 Sea areas in which ship is certified to operate (regulation IV/2)
 IMO Number
 Tanggal kapan kapal dilakukan peletakan lunas pertama atau yang mirip
seperti itu, termasuk tanggal apabila terdapat modifikasi besar.
 Completion date of the survey on which this certificate is based

Dokumen ini akan mensertifikasi beberapa hal

 That the ship has been surveyed in accordance with the requirements of
regulation I/9 of the Convention.
 That the survey showed that:
o The ship complied with the requirements of the Convention as regards
radio installations
o The functioning of the radio installations used in life-saving appliances
complied with the requirements of the Convention.
 Menunjukkan juga apakah terdapat Sertifikat Pengecualian ataupun tidak
dikeluarkan

Survey yang dilakukan untuk Instalasi Radio

 Survey awal / initial survey sebelum kapal mulai dioperasikan

 Survey pembaharuan sertifikat/ renewal survey at intervals specified by the
Administration but not exceeding five years
  Survey tahunan atau disebut A periodical survey within three months before
or after each anniversary date of the Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate

Safety Construction Certificate

Sertifikat ini diterapkan untuk beberapa jenis terkait keselamatan konstruksi
kapal, sertifikat ini disyaratkan sesuai peraturan untuk kapal barang yang
memiliki tonase 500 GT keatas.
Sertifikat ini akan dikeluarkan terhadap kapal yang sudah disurvey mengacu dan
sesuai dengan Regulasi I/8, I/9 dan I/10 dari SOLAS

Survey atau pemeriksaan kapal terkait Safety Construction meliputi :

 The condition of the structure, machinery and equipment as defined in

regulation I/10 was satisfactory and the ship complied with the relevant
requirements of chapter II-1 and chapter II-2 of SOLA S (other than those
relating to fire safety systems and appliances and fire control plans)
 That the last two inspections of the outside of the ship’s bottom took place on
specified dates
 That the ship complied with the requirements of SOLA S as regards fire safety
systems and appliances and fire control plans
 That the life-saving appliances and the equipment of the lifeboats, liferafts and
rescue boats were provided in accordance with the requirements of SOLAS
 That the ship was provided with a line-throwing appliance and radio
installations used in life-saving appliances in accordance with the
requirements of SOLAS
 That the ship complied with the requirements of SOLAS as regards radio
installations
 That the functioning of the radio installations used in life-saving appliances
complied with the requirements of SOLAS
 That the ship complied with the requirements of SOLA S as regards
shipborne navigational equipment, means of embarkation for pilots and
nautical publications
 That the ship was provided with lights, shapes, means of making sound
signals and distress signals in accordance with the requirements of the
Convention and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
 That in all other respects the ship complied with the relevant requirements of
the SOLAS
 That the ship operates in accordance with regulation III/26.1.1.15 within the
limits of the trade area
Seperti disebutkan diatas bahwa peraturan SOLAS telah diadakan penambahan2 dan
pembaharuan antara lain terhadap beberapa regulasi atau Chapter yang terdapat didalam
SOLAS.

Addressing lifeboat maintenance - preventing accidents with lifeboats

Amendments to SOLAS regulations III/3 and III/20 make mandatory the Requirements
for maintenance, thorough examination, operational testing, overhaul and repair of
lifeboats and rescue boats, launching appliances and release gear.

This package of provisions aims to prevent accidents with survival craft and addresses
longstanding issues such as the need for a uniform, safe and documented standard related
to the servicing of these appliances, as well as the authorization, qualification and
certification requirements to ensure that a reliable service is provided.

The intention is to ensure that seafarers are confident that they can fully rely on
the survival craft at their disposal, which should comply with applicable SOLAS
requirements.

Subdivision and damage stability

A set of amendments to SOLAS chapter II-1 relating to subdivision and stability enter
into force, amending, among other things, the regulations on the required subdivision of
passenger ships to increase their safety, as well as regulations related to the stability
information to be provided to a ship's master.

The amendments were developed following a substantive review of SOLAS chapter II-1,
focusing in particular on new passenger ships. The review took into account
recommendations arising from the investigation into the 2012 Costa Concordia casualty.

Planning for evacuation on cruise ships

Requirements for all new passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers to be built
with evacuation analysis early in the design process come into force.

The amendments to SOLAS regulation II-2/13 extend the requirements for evacuation
analysis to all passenger ships, not just ro-ro passenger ships. The analysis should be used
to identify and eliminate, as far as practicable, congestion which may develop during an
abandonment due to normal movement of passengers and crew along escape
routes, including the possibility that crew may need to move along these routes in a
direction opposite to the movement of passengers. In addition, the analysis should be
used to demonstrate that escape arrangements are sufficiently flexible to provide for the
possibility that certain escape routes, assembly stations, embarkation stations or survival
craft may not be available as a result of a casualty.

Expanding maritime satellite communications equipment providers

Amendments to chapter IV of SOLAS and some codes provide for a "recognized mobile
satellite service" to be installed for maritime distress and safety communications.
Previously, the regulations specified an Inmarsat device.

Full list of SOLAS amendments entering into force on 1 January 2020:

Amendments adopted by the 96th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 96):

 Amendments to SOLAS regulations III/3 and III/20 to make mandatory

the Requirements for maintenance, thorough examination, operational testing,
overhaul and repair of lifeboats and rescue boats, launching appliances and
release gear.
 Amendments to SOLAS regulation II-2/13 to extend the requirements for
evacuation analysis to all passenger ships, not just ro-ro passenger ships.
(Associated revised guidelines on evacuation analysis for new and existing
passenger ships were also approved).
 Amendments to chapter 8 of the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS
Code) regarding prevention of internal corrosion and clogging of sprinklers and
the inclusion of a new chapter 17 in the FSS Code, mandating requirements for
helicopter facility foam firefighting appliances.

Amendments adopted by MSC 97:

 Amendments to SOLAS regulation II-1/3-12 on protection against noise;

and regulations II-2/1 and II-2/10 on firefighting and new regulation XI-1/2-1 on
harmonization of survey periods of cargo ships not subject to the ESP Code.
 Amendments to the 2008 International code on Intact Stability (IS Code), relating
to ships engaged in anchor handling operations and to ships engaged in lifting and
towing operations, including escort towing.
 Amendments to the International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code),
clarifying the distribution of crew in public spaces for calculating the width of
stairways.
 Amendments to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of
Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code), aligning the wheelhouse
window fire-rating requirements in the IGC Code with those in SOLAS chapter
II-2.

Amendments adopted by MSC 98:

 A set of amendments to SOLAS chapter II-1 relating to subdivision and damage

stability. The amendments were developed following a substantive review of
chapter II-1, focusing in particular on new passenger ships. In conjunction, the
MSC adopted revised explanatory notes to SOLAS chapter II-1 subdivision and
damage stability regulations and revised guidance for watertight doors on
passenger ships which may be opened during navigation.
  Amendments to SOLAS regulation II-2/3.56, relating to the definition of "vehicle
carrier" and adoption of new SOLAS regulation II-2/20.2 on fire safety
requirements for cargo spaces containing vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their
own propulsion, specifically vehicles which do not use their own propulsion
within the cargo space.
 Amendments to SOLAS regulation II-2/9.4.1.3 to clarify the requirements for fire
integrity of windows on passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers and
on special purpose ships with more than 60 (but no more than 240) persons on
board.
 Amendments to SOLAS regulations III/1.4, III/30 and III/37 on damage control
drills for passenger ships, to require such drills to take place on all passenger
ships from 2020.

Amendments adopted by MSC 99:

 Amendments to SOLAS regulations II-1/1 and II-1/8-1, concerning computerized

stability support for the ship's master in case of flooding, for existing passenger
ships.
 Amendments to chapter IV of SOLAS, and the appendix to the annex to the
Convention, replacing all references to "Inmarsat" with references to a
"recognized mobile satellite service" and consequential amendments to the
International Code of Safety for High speed Craft, 1994 (1994 HSC Code), the
International Code of Safety for High-speed Craft, 2000 (2000 HSC Code).
 Amendments to update the IMDG Code (Amendment 39-18) in line with the
latest recommendations of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport
of Dangerous Goods, including new provisions regarding IMO type 9 tanks, a set
of new abbreviations for segregation groups and special provisions for
the carriage of lithium batteries and vehicles powered by flammable liquid or gas.
 Amendments to annex 3 to the International Code for the Application of Fire Test
Procedures, 2010 (2010 FTP Code), concerning fire protection materials and
required approval test methods for passenger ships and high-speed craft.
 Amendments to the model forms of the Certificates of Fitness, clarifying the
requirement for an approved loading and stability manual/booklet to be supplied
to the ship, under the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of
Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code), International Code for
the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC
Code), Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous
Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code), Code for Existing Ships Carrying Liquefied
Gases in Bulk (EGC Code), and the Code for the Construction and Equipment of
Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (GC Code).

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